Analyzing collaboration networks and developmental patterns of nano-enabled drug delivery (NEDD) for brain cancer

• Ying Huang,
• Jing Ma,
• Alan L. Porter,
• Seokbeom Kwon and
• Donghua Zhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1666–1676, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.169

• exposure of the pharmaceutical through controlled release. Thus, NEDD provides a novel approach to medical therapy, including treatment of chronic diseases and genetic disorders [5]. At the present, various kinds of nanoparticles have been developed as drug carriers, such as liposomes, micelles, polymeric

Natural and artificial binders of polyriboadenylic acid and their effect on RNA structure

• Giovanni N. Roviello,
• Domenica Musumeci,
• Valentina Roviello,
• Marina Pirtskhalava,
• Alexander Egoyan and
• Merab Mirtskhulava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1338–1347, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.138

• innovative biomedical strategies mainly in the field of anticancer therapy. Keywords: nucleopeptides; poly(rA) binders; RNA; self-structures; Review Polyadenylation in RNA processing Polyadenylation is part of the RNA processing pathway that leads to the production of mature mRNA molecules (Figure 1) [1

• may result in a very efficient route for the development of novel drug families, useful for example in anticancer therapy and/or in a variety of other innovative and powerful biomedical applications. Thus, an extensive search for potential candidates selectively targeting these peculiar RNA sequences

PLGA nanoparticles as a platform for vitamin D-based cancer therapy

• Maria J. Ramalho,
• Joana A. Loureiro,
• Bárbara Gomes,
• Manuela F. Frasco,
• Manuel A. N. Coelho and
• M. Carmo Pereira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1306–1318, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.135

• cell morphological features. Keywords: 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3; calcitriol; cancer therapy; drug delivery; poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid); Introduction Vitamin D3, a secosteroid hormone produced through sunlight exposure [1], can be found with different chemical structures: calciol or

• targeting gene expression via both genomic and nongenomic pathways [1]. Although known as an important regulator of calcium homeostasis and bone mineralization [3], several studies support that vitamin D also plays a major role in tumor pathogenesis, progression and therapy [2]. Calcitriol is also regarded

• therapy [22]. A few years later, Almouazen et al. developed a formulation using PLA nanoparticles of about 200 nm [14]. This study proved that PLA nanocapsules are a suitable choice for controlled delivery of antineoplastic agents, namely the nanoencapsulated calcidiol induced a significant growth

Synthesis, characterization and in vitro effects of 7 nm alloyed silver–gold nanoparticles

• Simon Ristig,
• Svitlana Chernousova,
• Wolfgang Meyer-Zaika and
• Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1212–1220, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.124

• nanoparticles are almost biologically inert (unless they are very small) [13] and therefore widely used in tumor therapy, for drug delivery, or in imaging applications [3][14][15]. In principle, alloyed nanoparticles of silver and gold can combine and utilize the physicochemical properties of both metals, for

Influence of gold, silver and gold–silver alloy nanoparticles on germ cell function and embryo development

• Ulrike Taylor,
• Daniela Tiedemann,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Wilfried A. Kues,
• Stephan Barcikowski and
• Detlef Rath

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 651–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.66

• and therapy as well as drug delivery [12][13][14], but also for analytical applications [15] and nanoelectronics [16]. Silver nanoparticles have been developed for catalysis [17], optics [18] and electronics [19], but they are mainly employed in the medical sector and in consumer products for their

Overview of nanoscale NEXAFS performed with soft X-ray microscopes

• Peter Guttmann and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 595–604, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.61

• magnetic nanoparticles which will have future applications in photo thermal therapy or drug delivery can be optimized by different analysis methods including NEXAFS spectroscopy with the HZB-TXM [65]. In the latter case as well as in the case of hybrid colloid particles the nanoparticles have sizes below

Novel ZnO:Ag nanocomposites induce significant oxidative stress in human fibroblast malignant melanoma (Ht144) cells

• Syeda Arooj,
• Samina Nazir,
• Akhtar Nadhman,
• Nafees Ahmad,
• Bakhtiar Muhammad,
• Ishaq Ahmad,
• Kehkashan Mazhar and
• Rashda Abbasi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 570–582, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.59

• nanocomposites could provide a new therapeutic option to selectively target cancer cells. Keywords: cancer therapy; cytotoxicity; photo-oxidation; ZnO:Ag nanocomposites; Introduction Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit an excellent photo-oxidation activity [1] and are considered as potential

• compared to ZnO NP. We were able to show that the effect of ZnO NPs was improved by the formation of ZnO:Ag nanocomposites thereby improving their cell killing ability. Daylight-photodynamic therapy can provide a basis for targeted cancer treatment. However, further studies are required to evaluate the

Silica micro/nanospheres for theranostics: from bimodal MRI and fluorescent imaging probes to cancer therapy

• Shanka Walia and
• Amitabha Acharya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 546–558, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.57

• applications for diagnosis and therapy of disease sites. Through smart and careful chemical modifications of the nanoparticle surface, these can be converted to multifunctional tiny objects which in turn can be used as vehicle for delivering multimodal imaging agents and therapeutic material to specific target

• encapsulated with silica micro/nanospheres. Emphasis is put on synthesis, characterization and their simultaneous application in biomedical imaging and the diagnosis and therapy of cancer. 2 Different combinations of materials used for bimodal imaging In order to optimize the use of silica micro/nanospheres as

• can be used as probes for remote measurement of the temperature of aqueous media. Similarly, Wang et al. [60] reported the synthesis of a multifunctional hybrid nanostructures and they have shown their application in photodyanamic therapy. The co-encapsulation of magnetic NPs and fluorescent dye

Hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells: polymeric nanoparticle uptake and lineage differentiation

• Ivonne Brüstle,
• Thomas Simmet,
• Gerd Ulrich Nienhaus,
• Katharina Landfester and
• Volker Mailänder

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 383–395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.38

• therapy and nanoparticles promises to enhance the effect of cellular therapies by using nanocarriers as drug delivery devices to guide the further differentiation or homing of stem cells. The impact of nanoparticles on primary cell types remains much more elusive as most groups study the nanoparticle–cell

• and the differentiation capacity towards lineages are interesting for regenerative therapy (reviewed in [10]). Furthermore, they are hypoimmunogenic, which makes them suitable for allogeneic transplantations and they can even have immunosuppressive functions [11][12]. hMSCs are fibroblast-like cells

Comparative evaluation of the impact on endothelial cells induced by different nanoparticle structures and functionalization

• Lisa Landgraf,
• Ines Müller,
• Peter Ernst,
• Miriam Schäfer,
• Christina Rosman,
• Isabel Schick,
• Oskar Köhler,
• Hartmut Oehring,
• Vladimir V. Breus,
• Thomas Basché,
• Carsten Sönnichsen,
• Wolfgang Tremel and
• Ingrid Hilger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 300–312, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.28

• ; Introduction To advance the field of nanomedicine, innovative nanoparticle formulations with suitable properties for diagnostic imaging, therapy (e.g., magnetic hyperthermia), delivery of drugs and siRNA have been developed. Apart from their feasibility for the respective application many of these

Release behaviour and toxicity evaluation of levodopa from carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes

• Julia M. Tan,
• Jhi Biau Foo,
• Sharida Fakurazi and
• Mohd Zobir Hussein

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 243–253, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.23

• , due to its ability to cross the blood–brain barrier. However, responsive patients treated long term with LD therapy may experience a decrease in the duration of responsiveness to the treatment and side effects in motor fluctuation (dyskinesia) may result [13]. Moreover, once LD is administered orally

Mechanical properties of MDCK II cells exposed to gold nanorods

• Anna Pietuch,
• Bastian Rouven Brückner,
• David Schneider,
• Marco Tarantola,
• Christina Rosman,
• Carsten Sönnichsen and
• Andreas Janshoff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 223–231, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.21

• membrane rendering them prime candidates for multifunctional carriers [6][7][8]. Potential applications encompass selective drug delivery, photothermal therapy, reporters for biosensors and the use as contrast agents [5][9]. Targets can be addressed specifically by functionalization of the particle surface

Caveolin-1 and CDC42 mediated endocytosis of silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticles in HeLa cells

• Nils Bohmer and
• Andreas Jordan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 167–176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.16

• technique for the treatment of various diseases in the 21st century. Today nanomedicine has spread in many different subareas, which are working highly interdisciplinary on the development of new therapy concepts [1]. One of the most important fields is the early detection and treatment of cancer. Therefore

Synthesis of boron nitride nanotubes and their applications

• Saban Kalay,
• Zehra Yilmaz,
• Ozlem Sen,
• Melis Emanet,
• Emine Kazanc and
• Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 84–102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.9

• neutron capture therapy. In this review, BNNT synthesis methods and the surface modification strategies are first discussed, and then their toxicity and application studies are summarized. Finally, a perspective for the future use of these novel materials is discussed. Keywords: boron nitride nanotubes

• summarized first, then in vitro and in vivo studies of their toxicity are addressed. Finally, the investigations utilizing BNNTs in applications such as drug delivery, biomaterials preparation, biosensors, hydrogen storage, and neutron capture therapy are summarized by giving examples from the literature

• structures have potential in cancer therapy [85]. To investigate in vivo biodistribution of the BNNTs, they were functionalized with GC then radiolabeled with 99mTc [86]. After 30 min of injection into mice, the BNNTs were in the systemic circulation and accumulated in the liver, spleen and intestinal

Mammalian cell growth on gold nanoparticle-decorated substrates is influenced by the nanoparticle coating

• Christina Rosman,
• Sebastien Pierrat,
• Marco Tarantola,
• David Schneider,
• Eva Sunnick,
• Andreas Janshoff and
• Carsten Sönnichsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2479–2488, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.257

• tools for photothermal therapy [2][10]. However, the impact of functionalized nanomaterials on living organisms is still not fully understood and the number of studies on this topic are few compared to the number of nanoparticle types and applications [11]. To date, the studies are focused on

Inorganic Janus particles for biomedical applications

• Isabel Schick,
• Steffen Lorenz,
• Dominik Gehrig,
• Stefan Tenzer,
• Wiebke Storck,
• Karl Fischer,
• Dennis Strand,
• Frédéric Laquai and
• Wolfgang Tremel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2346–2362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.244

• precursors were mixed simultaneously. Janus particles as multimodal contrast agents Recent developments in the field of nanoparticles for biomedical applications have increased the interest in multifunctional nanoparticles for theranostics, a combination of therapy and diagnostics, which was realized with

Anticancer efficacy of a supramolecular complex of a 2-diethylaminoethyl–dextran–MMA graft copolymer and paclitaxel used as an artificial enzyme

• Yasuhiko Onishi,
• Yuki Eshita,
• Rui-Cheng Ji,
• Masayasu Onishi,
• Takashi Kobayashi,
• Masaaki Mizuno,
• Jun Yoshida and
• Naoji Kubota

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2293–2307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.238

• structure is stabilized at less than the critical micelle concentration. It was reported recently that the administration of DDMC as an aerosol [25] and the use of DDMC/p53 in intratumoral gene therapy [26] were effective. DDMC is very suitable for experiments using targeted siRNA or miRNA transfection in

In situ metalation of free base phthalocyanine covalently bonded to silicon surfaces

• Fabio Lupo,
• Cristina Tudisco,
• Federico Bertani,
• Enrico Dalcanale and
• Guglielmo G. Condorelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2222–2229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.231

• ], catalysis [5], cancer therapy [6] and molecular electronics [3][7][8]. The most promising architecture for the exploitation of the potentialities of Pc and M–Pc is the organization of the molecules in a suitable and accessible way on a solid surface. Therefore, phthalocyanine thin films have been deposited

Carbon-based smart nanomaterials in biomedicine and neuroengineering

• Antonina M. Monaco and
• Michele Giugliano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1849–1863, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.196

• [54], in hyperthermia therapy for tumours [55][56], in tissue engineering [57], for in vivo [58] and in vitro [59] imaging. The electrical conductivity of CNTs lies at the foundation of the proposal for employing CNTs as smart-scaffolds for excitable cells such as neurons [60] and cardiac cells [61

• size of the nanomaterial itself [87][88][89], as well as on the presence of metal contaminants and the residues of the GO preparation method in graphene samples [90]. Biomedical applications of graphene and its derivatives range from photothermal tumour ablation therapy to biosensors, from gene therapy

A study on the consequence of swift heavy ion irradiation of Zn–silica nanocomposite thin films: electronic sputtering

• Compesh Pannu,
• Udai B. Singh,
• Dinesh. C. Agarwal,
• Saif A. Khan,
• Sunil Ojha,
• Ramesh Chandra,
• Hiro Amekura,
• Debdulal Kabiraj and
• Devesh. K. Avasthi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1691–1698, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.179

• therapy, anticorrosive coating and antimicrobial coatings, in chemical reaction as catalyst, galvanization of iron and steel [30][31]. Bulk Zn has a melting point of 419.6 °C and the melting point of Zn nanoparticle varies from 250 to 420 °C depending on the size of nanoparticle [32][33]. The melting

The cell-type specific uptake of polymer-coated or micelle-embedded QDs and SPIOs does not provoke an acute pro-inflammatory response in the liver

• Markus Heine,
• Alexander Bartelt,
• Oliver T. Bruns,
• Denise Bargheer,
• Artur Giemsa,
• Barbara Freund,
• Ludger Scheja,
• Christian Waurisch,
• Alexander Eychmüller,
• Rudolph Reimer,
• Horst Weller,
• Peter Nielsen and
• Joerg Heeren

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1432–1440, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.155

• .5.155 Abstract Semiconductor quantum dots (QD) and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanocrystals (SPIO) have exceptional physical properties that are well suited for biomedical applications in vitro and in vivo. For future applications, the direct injection of nanocrystals for imaging and therapy represents

PEGylated versus non-PEGylated magnetic nanoparticles as camptothecin delivery system

• Paula M. Castillo,
• Mario de la Mata,
• Maria F. Casula,
• José A. Sánchez-Alcázar and
• Ana P. Zaderenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1312–1319, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.144

• ; cancer therapy; iron oxide superparamagnetic nanoparticles; polyethylene glycol; Introduction Camptothecin (CPT) is a quinoline based alkaloid, which exhibits a potent cytotoxic activity against a broad spectrum of tumours [1][2][3]. While most antineoplastic agents inhibit cancer cell proliferation by

• undesirable side effects. Due to the combined impact of cancer together with adverse side effects of many conventional chemotherapeutic agents, a significant effort is devoted to the design of nanoparticle vectors for cancer therapy [8][9][10]. Concerning CPT, attempts to improve its solubility and stability

• promising as delivery systems due to their low toxicity and their ability to be used both in cancer diagnosis and therapy [21][22][23]. SPION can be effectively used as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging [24][25], as carriers for chemotherapeutic drugs [26][27][28] and to destroy cancer cells by

Organic and inorganic–organic thin film structures by molecular layer deposition: A review

• Pia Sundberg and
• Maarit Karppinen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1104–1136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.123

• process; Leskelä et al. [25] shortly review the novel materials fabricated by ALD and MLD; George [26], George et al. [27] and Lee et al. [28] focus on metal alkoxide thin films; Yoshimura et al. [29] discuss a possibility to utilize MLD in cancer therapy applications; King et al. [30] describe fine

Nanodiamond-DGEA peptide conjugates for enhanced delivery of doxorubicin to prostate cancer

• Amanee D Salaam,
• Patrick Hwang,
• Roberus McIntosh,
• Hadiyah N Green,
• Ho-Wook Jun and
• Derrick Dean

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 937–945, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.107

• , targeting and drug delivery). We show significantly improved efficacy and toxicity of DOX by using ND-DGEA conjugates to deliver DOX therapy to prostate cancer cells. Experimental Materials All materials, buffers, and reagents were purchased and used as received. ND hard gel (≈20% water) was purchased from

Antimicrobial nanospheres thin coatings prepared by advanced pulsed laser technique

• Alina Maria Holban,
• Valentina Grumezescu,
• Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu,
• Bogdan Ştefan Vasile,
• Roxana Truşcă,
• Rodica Cristescu,
• Gabriel Socol and
• Florin Iordache

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 872–880, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.99

• S.C. Metav-CD S.A., 31 Rosetti Str., 020015 Bucharest, Romania Flow Cytometry and Cell Therapy Laboratory, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu” (ICBP), Bucharest, Romania 10.3762/bjnano.5.99 Abstract We report on the fabrication of thin coatings based on polylactic acid