Distribution of Pd clusters on ultrathin, epitaxial TiO_x films on Pt₃Ti(111)

• Christian Breinlich,
• Maria Buchholz,
• Marco Moors,
• Tobias Pertram,
• Conrad Becker and
• Klaus Wandelt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2007–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.204

• describes the influence of a transition metal oxide support on noble metal clusters yielding novel catalytic properties [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. In order to understand this effect, well-defined model systems are needed. “Well-defined” refers to both the clusters and the supporting substrate, as exemplified in

Paramagnetism of cobalt-doped ZnO nanoparticles obtained by microwave solvothermal synthesis

• Jacek Wojnarowicz,
• Sylwia Kusnieruk,
• Tadeusz Chudoba,
• Stanislaw Gierlotka,
• Witold Lojkowski,
• Wojciech Knoff,
• Malgorzata I. Lukasiewicz,
• Bartlomiej S. Witkowski,
• Anna Wolska,
• Marcin T. Klepka,
• Tomasz Story and
• Marek Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1957–1969, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.200

• [22] and drug delivery [23]. Recently, zinc oxide doped with Mn, Co and Ni has been under investigation for potential application as a spintronic material [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. Many experimental and theoretical studies of ZnO doped with transition metal (TM) elements suggest good prospects

Metal hydrides: an innovative and challenging conversion reaction anode for lithium-ion batteries

• Luc Aymard,
• Yassine Oumellal and
• Jean-Pierre Bonnet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1821–1839, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.186

• addition to the MgH2 carbon composite The improvement of the sorption kinetics of MgH2 through catalyst addition (i.e., transition metals [37][38] transition metal oxides [39][40][41] and halides [42]) has been widely studied in the literature. Nb2O5 is one of the most efficient catalysts [43] enabling

A facile method for the preparation of bifunctional Mn:ZnS/ZnS/Fe₃O₄ magnetic and fluorescent nanocrystals

• Houcine Labiadh,
• Tahar Ben Chaabane,
• Romain Sibille,
• Lavinia Balan and
• Raphaël Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1743–1751, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.178

• the last decades, different strategies have been developed toward this goal such as epitaxial heterocrystalline growth, co-encapsulation of preformed QDs and magnetic particles in silica beads, doping of QDs with transition metal ions, conjugation between magnetic chelates or magnetic nanocrystals

Transformations of PTCDA structures on rutile TiO₂ induced by thermal annealing and intermolecular forces

• Szymon Godlewski,
• Jakub S. Prauzner-Bechcicki,
• Thilo Glatzel,
• Ernst Meyer and
• Marek Szymoński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1498–1507, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.155

• analyse structures composed of PTCDA molecules with various experimental techniques [19][20][27]. With respect to the substrate of interest, the (110) face of the rutile titania is the most often studied surface of TiO2 [14][15][16]. Thus, it is quite often recognized as the exemplary transition metal

Current–voltage characteristics of manganite–titanite perovskite junctions

• Benedikt Ifland,
• Patrick Peretzki,
• Birte Kressdorf,
• Philipp Saring,
• Andreas Kelling,
• Michael Seibt and
• Christian Jooss

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1467–1484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.152

• conduction bands in transition metal perovskite oxides. Because of the small electronic overlap between transition metal 3d and oxygen 2p states, the width of the unnormalized conduction band in the manganite Pr1−xCaxMnO3 is of the order 1 eV [34], in contrast to Si with a bandwidth of ≈20 eV. The

From lithium to sodium: cell chemistry of room temperature sodium–air and sodium–sulfur batteries

• Philipp Adelhelm,
• Pascal Hartmann,
• Conrad L. Bender,
• Martin Busche,
• Christine Eufinger and
• Juergen Janek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1016–1055, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.105

• one-electron transfer per formula unit. In this process, the de-/intercalation of one Li-ion is linked to a change in the transition metal oxidation state by one (Co3+/4+, Fe2+/3+, Mn3+/4+, etc.), as illustrated in Figure 2a. However, since the positive electrode materials often suffer from stability

• using electrode reactions such as multielectron transfer and/or lighter elements. A broad range of so-called conversion reactions has been studied which are based on the full reduction of the transition metal [2]. The general electrode reaction can be written as: where M is either a transition metal (Cu

• cycling. In intercalation compounds, the redox centers (transition metal cations) are immobile as they are pinned to the fixed positions of the crystal lattice and are, therefore, spatially diluted. However, due to the poor conductivity of sulfur, Li2S and Li2O2, the non-metal redox materials also require

Magnetic properties of self-organized Co dimer nanolines on Si/Ag(110)

• Lisa Michez,
• Kai Chen,
• Fabien Cheynis,
• Frédéric Leroy,
• Alain Ranguis,
• Haik Jamgotchian,
• Margrit Hanbücken and
• Laurence Masson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 777–784, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.80

• transition metal nanostructures, it appears interesting to also study the growth of such objects on a non-metallic template. We underline that since self-organized growth allows the fabrication of a high-density of nanostructures with a narrow size distribution, this route of nanofabrication opens up the

Chains of carbon atoms: A vision or a new nanomaterial?

• Florian Banhart

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 559–569, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.58

• also their electrical characterization [23]. By contacting a graphitic aggregate with a transition metal tip and passing an electrical current through the junction, carbon chains could be unraveled from the graphitic materials when the tip was retracted (Figure 3). The experiment was carried out under

Nanoparticle shapes by using Wulff constructions and first-principles calculations

• Georgios D. Barmparis,
• Zbigniew Lodziana,
• Nuria Lopez and
• Ioannis N. Remediakis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 361–368, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.35

• construction The atomistic Wulff construction emerged through the field of heterogeneous catalysis, in which the shape of transition metal nanoparticles is a key factor of their functionality. Atomistic models for an equilibrium-shaped Ru nanoparticle were part of a long-term project to model an industrial

• of catalyst. Nanoparticles that are relevant to catalysis have diameters of the order of 5 nm and contain of the order of 5000 transition metal atoms. Direct simulation of such systems by using quantum-mechanical techniques is difficult at present. Modern DFT codes that can tackle several thousands

Materials and characterization techniques for high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

• Roswitha Zeis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 68–83, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.8

• oxides or hydroxides that tend to dissolve from the electrode surface. Nevertheless, carbon-supported platinum/transition metal alloy catalysts are often used in conventional LT-PEMFCs as well as PAFCs. There is strong experimental evidence that platinum alloys outperform pure platinum catalysts [41][42

Inorganic Janus particles for biomedical applications

• Isabel Schick,
• Steffen Lorenz,
• Dominik Gehrig,
• Stefan Tenzer,
• Wiebke Storck,
• Karl Fischer,
• Dennis Strand,
• Frédéric Laquai and
• Wolfgang Tremel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2346–2362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.244

• nanoparticles are core/shell structures, in particular core/shell structures of fluorescent II–IV and III–V semiconductors, typically transition metal-chalcogenides, -phosphides, and -arsenides [10]. The epitaxial combination of a 0D spherical quantum dot with a 1D rod-like shell of a semiconductor leads to

In situ metalation of free base phthalocyanine covalently bonded to silicon surfaces

• Fabio Lupo,
• Cristina Tudisco,
• Federico Bertani,
• Enrico Dalcanale and
• Guglielmo G. Condorelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2222–2229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.231

• physical properties of M–Pc can be easily tuned by varying the nature of the coordinated metal, thus making phthalcyanine-based systems suitable for a wide range of applications. In particular, transition metal Pc have attracted great interest for their optical and magnetic properties [8][17] as well as

Two-dimensional and tubular structures of misfit compounds: Structural and electronic properties

• Tommy Lorenz,
• Jan-Ole Joswig and
• Gotthard Seifert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2171–2178, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.226

• (Figure 2a), the TMX2 layers have a sandwich structure, where a sheet of (transition) metal atoms is sandwiched by two layers of chalcogenide atoms (Figure 2b,c). The transition metal atoms can assemble in a trigonal prismatic or octahedral coordination in the TMX2 layer (Figure 2d,e). The TMX2 labeling

• . The explanation might be that the charge transfer does not take place from metal to metal (Sn2+ → Sn4+), because Sn is not a transition metal, in contrast to the TMX2 systems discussed above. Thus, the sulfur atoms of the SnS2 layer could act as donors and Sn2+ atoms in the SnS layer as acceptors

UHV deposition and characterization of a mononuclear iron(III) β-diketonate complex on Au(111)

• Irene Cimatti,
• Silviya Ninova,
• Valeria Lanzilotto,
• Luigi Malavolti,
• Luca Rigamonti,
• Brunetto Cortigiani,
• Matteo Mannini,
• Elena Magnano,
• Federica Bondino,
• Federico Totti,
• Andrea Cornia and
• Roberta Sessoli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2139–2148, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.223

• lanthanide or transition-metal ions, which are better suited for vapour-phase processing, in particular when β-diketonate ligands are present [11]. This work exploits the high volatility of the iron(III) tris-β-diketonate complex, Fe(dpm)3 (Hdpm = dipivaloylmethane), in order to perform a detailed in situ

Towards bottom-up nanopatterning of Prussian blue analogues

• Virgile Trannoy,
• Marco Faustini,
• David Grosso,
• Sandra Mazerat,
• François Brisset,
• Alexandre Dazzi and
• Anne Bleuzen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1933–1943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.204

• to sol–gel chemistry combined with organic templating agents. Coordination chemistry allowing for the controlled assembly of a large variety of transition metal building units is preferred to build the functional compound. Prussian blue analogs (PBAs) are interesting for the design of bistable

• between hexacyanometalates and hydrated cations of the transition metal series in aqueous solution. The resulting solid exhibits the well-known face centered cubic structure of Prussian blue [9]. The sol–gel process is a method for producing metal oxides from small molecules via inorganic polymerization

• complexing agent for the transition metal ion seems to play little or no role in the growth process of the PBA particles. Effect of the solvent or of the solvent mixture of the PBA precursors solutions: The TiO2/CoFe PBA nanocomposites synthesized by using alcohol or a water/alcohol mixture for the PBA

Cathode lens spectromicroscopy: methodology and applications

• T. O. Menteş,
• G. Zamborlini,
• A. Sala and
• A. Locatelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1873–1886, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.198

• Elettra. The bulk of this work is dedicated to applications of the SPELEEM technique. We put special emphasis on graphene, which has been extensively studied by using cathode lens microscopy, LEEM in particular, with numerous studies of epitaxial graphene grown on a variety of transition metal and silicon

• vapor deposition (CVD) technique. CVD utilizes transition metal catalysts as a means to promote the dissociative adsorption of gases such as ethylene or methane, which can readily deliver the carbon atoms required for island nucleation and growth. LEEM is widely employed to image the growth process; the

• reactor up to pressures approaching 1 × 10−5 mbar, still ensuring a lateral resolution nearing 10 nm. The growth of graphene on a variety of transition metal substrates provide catching examples of the potential of the LEEM method [35][36][37]. For instance, by measuring subtle variations in the low

Electronic and electrochemical doping of graphene by surface adsorbates

• Hugo Pinto and
• Alexander Markevich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1842–1848, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.195

• Dirac point and the Fermi level shows that approximately one electron is transferred per adsorbed K atom. The doping properties were also explored for different transition metal clusters (Ti, Fe and Pt) deposited on graphene by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) [30]. The Ti and Fe metal clusters were found

Quasi-1D physics in metal-organic frameworks: MIL-47(V) from first principles

• Danny E. P. Vanpoucke,
• Jan W. Jaeken,
• Stijn De Baerdemacker,
• Kurt Lejaeghere and
• Veronique Van Speybroeck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1738–1748, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.184

• interesting systems to observe and study exotic and low-dimensional physics [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. Transition-metal oxides, on the other hand, have proven to be a rich source of multiferroic materials [38][39][40][41]. Such materials, which combine at least two magnetic

• and/or electronic ordering phenomena, are of great interest for technological applications. MOFs containing transition-metal oxides as nodes are therefore expected to show physically interesting behavior. For example Canepa et al. [36] investigated the MOF-74 frameworks with Fe, Ni and Co at their

Magnesium batteries: Current state of the art, issues and future perspectives

• Rana Mohtadi and
• Fuminori Mizuno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1291–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.143

• fascinating advancements in Li-ion batteries have resulted in a state of the art battery which uses graphitized carbon as the anode, a transition metal oxide as the cathode, coupled such that 240 Wh kg−1, 640 Wh L−1 are provided for thousands of cycles [1]. The wide spread use of Li-ion battery, has been and

Characterization and photocatalytic study of tantalum oxide nanoparticles prepared by the hydrolysis of tantalum oxo-ethoxide Ta₈(μ₃-O)₂(μ-O)₈(μ-OEt)₆(OEt)₁₄

• Subia Ambreen,
• N D Pandey,
• Peter Mayer and
• Ashutosh Pandey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1082–1090, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.121

• is available concerning the progressive structural evolution in the transition metal oxide system in general. But sometimes new species, metal oxo-alkoxides [5][6][7][8][9], are obtained which have been known to be the direct molecular precursors for oxide phases in sol–gel technology. These oxo

• properties of metal oxo-alkoxides are decided by the degree of hydrolysis and the nature of the alkyl group. There is a tendency for lower volatility and solubility with higher degrees of hydrolysis and, therefore, oligomerization. Amongst the transition metal oxides, Ta2O5 has attracted growing interest due

Integration of ZnO and CuO nanowires into a thermoelectric module

• Dario Zappa,
• Simone Dalola,
• Guido Faglia,
• Elisabetta Comini,
• Matteo Ferroni,
• Caterina Soldano,
• Vittorio Ferrari and
• Giorgio Sberveglieri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 927–936, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.106

• , respectively (being T the temperature). State-of-the-art bulk materials-based thermoelectric generators have been demonstrated to possibly reach energy conversion efficiency values of 5.2% and higher, with materials characterized by a ZT factor approaching a unitary value [3][4]. Transition metal oxides (TMOs

Nanostructure sensitization of transition metal oxides for visible-light photocatalysis

• Hongjun Chen and
• Lianzhou Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 696–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.82

• photocatalysts has recently attracted a lot of interest. The photosensitization of transition metal oxides is a promising approach for achieving effective visible-light photocatalysis. This review article primarily discusses the recent progress in the realm of a variety of nanostructured photosensitizers such as

• quantum dots, plasmonic metal nanostructures, and carbon nanostructures for coupling with wide-bandgap transition metal oxides to design better visible-light active photocatalysts. The underlying mechanisms of the composite photocatalysts, e.g., the light-induced charge separation and the subsequent

• dots; transition metal oxides; visible-light photocatalysis; Introduction In response to the decreasing supply of fossil fuels and the environmental problems caused by their exploitation, the search for a renewable and sustainable energy supply has been intensified in the past decades. Solar energy is

Towards precise defect control in layered oxide structures by using oxide molecular beam epitaxy

• Federico Baiutti,
• Georg Christiani and
• Gennady Logvenov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 596–602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.70

• . The transition metal Nickel (Ni) can have several valence states, Ni1+, Ni2+ and Ni3+. Since La2NiO4 is one of the Ruddlesden–Popper phases An+1BnO3n+1 with n = 1, it is challenging to grow it as a single phase without the intergrowth of other phases. Here we report that, by using our ALL-oxide MBE

CoPc and CoPcF₁₆ on gold: Site-specific charge-transfer processes

• Fotini Petraki,
• Heiko Peisert,
• Johannes Uihlein,
• Umut Aygül and
• Thomas Chassé

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 524–531, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.61

• light-emitting diodes, field-effect transistors, solar cells, and spintronic devices have been in the focus of research [1][2][3][4]. For several transition metal phthalocyanine (TMPc) layers on noble metal surfaces (e.g., Au and Ag) a charge transfer toward the central metal atom has been reported