Controlling the proximity effect in a Co/Nb multilayer: the properties of electronic transport

• Sergey Bakurskiy,
• Mikhail Kupriyanov,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Igor Soloviev,
• Andrey Schegolev,
• Roman Morari,
• Yury Khaydukov and
• Anatoli S. Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1336–1345, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.118

• the conditions at which switching from the parallel to the antiparallel alignment of the neighboring F-layers leads to a significant change of the superconducting order parameter in superconductive thin films. We experimentally study the transport properties of a lithographically patterned Nb/Co

• the obtained results. In the “Experimental results” section, we analyze the transport measurements of the manufactured samples. At the end, we discuss possible applications of the results for the implementation of superconducting synapses and give a conclusion. Results Model and theoretical results

• /F structure. To test the concept of the magnetically tunable kinetic inductor, we calculated the superconducting order parameter in S/[F1/s/F2/s]n superlattices, as presented in Figure 1. We studied the proximity effect and electronic transport in the multilayer hybrid structures in the frame of

Effect of localized helium ion irradiation on the performance of synthetic monolayer MoS₂ field-effect transistors

• Jakub Jadwiszczak,
• Pierce Maguire,
• Conor P. Cullen,
• Georg S. Duesberg and
• Hongzhou Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1329–1335, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.117

• , we find that irradiating the electrode–channel interface has a deleterious impact on charge transport when contrasted with irradiations confined only to the transistor channel. Keywords: 2D materials; contacts; defect engineering; helium ion microscope; ion beam doping; vacancies; two-dimensional

• of well-performing monolayer TMD films [3][4][5], leading to viable large-scale integration of on-chip TMD FETs. With device miniaturization, it becomes key to understand the impact of defects such as chalcogen vacancies on the electrical transport properties of FETs based on 2D semiconductors. This

• creation of defects in TMD FETs may serve to improve charge transport and tune the device performance [10][20][28], while the effective donor concentration and the introduced scattering potentials need to be tailored accordingly [29][30]. Thus far, these studies have focused either on spatially confined

Magnetohydrodynamic stagnation point on a Casson nanofluid flow over a radially stretching sheet

• Ganji Narender,
• Kamatam Govardhan and
• Gobburu Sreedhar Sarma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1303–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.114

• and medical science in the last decades Since heat energy provides society with several benefits, the field of thermodynamics is applicable to and effectively connected with other fields. Heat transport processes plays a fundamental role in building design [1], fuel-filling systems [2], air compressor

Structure and electrochemical performance of electrospun-ordered porous carbon/graphene composite nanofibers

• Yi Wang,
• Yanhua Song,
• Chengwei Ye and
• Lan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1280–1290, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.112

• transport. There are various ways to induce pore formation, including the activation and template methods [17][18][19]. In the context of electrospinning experiments, an effective method to induce porous formation is to change the composition of the electrospinning solution (e.g., by adding polymers that

• interconnected mesoporous channels in the inner and outer surfaces of OPCGCNFs compared with DCGCNFs/OCGCNFs. The high amount of mesoporous channels was beneficial to the high-speed ion transport and adsorption. The PSD curves were used to analyze, in more detail, the differences in pore structure between

• increase in the pore volume of the OPCGCNFs was mainly due to the increase in the number of channels in the fibers, leading to an increase in the ion transport rate. This shows that proper microporous/mesoporous structures can facilitate the transport and adsorption of ions in the electrode, which favors

Role of redox-active axial ligands of metal porphyrins adsorbed at solid–liquid interfaces in a liquid-STM setup

• Thomas Habets,
• Sylvia Speller and
• Johannes A. A. W. Elemans

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1264–1271, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.110

• rate (both in terms of size and sign), also higher concentrations of the redox-active species lead to higher reaction rates, which points at increased dynamic exchange of the redox-active species at the sample and tip electrodes. Furthermore, the proposed transport of chloride ions through the 1

Proximity effect in [Nb(1.5 nm)/Fe(x)]₁₀/Nb(50 nm) superconductor/ferromagnet heterostructures

• Yury Khaydukov,
• Sabine Pütter,
• Laura Guasco,
• Roman Morari,
• Gideok Kim,
• Thomas Keller,
• Anatolie Sidorenko and
• Bernhard Keimer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1254–1263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.109

• , and re-entrant superconductivity as evidence of nonuniform LOFF-states [17][18][19][20]. Apart from the interest in basic science, the proximity effect in S/F structures has great technological importance for the creation of spintronics devices, where the transport properties of the structure are

• experiments we applied a magnetic field in-plane and normal to the sample plane. Data were fitted to models using the exact solutions of the Schrödinger equation as described in our prior works [13][40][41]. For the transport experiment we used the device depicted in Figure 1b. The device consists of four

• metallic springs touching the surface of the sample. The tension of the springs is sufficiently high to ensure good contact with the sample surface and to measure the resistivity using a standard four-point contact method. The setup is designed to enable simultaneous PNR and transport experiments, though

Influence of the magnetic nanoparticle coating on the magnetic relaxation time

• Mihaela Osaci and
• Matteo Cacciola

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1207–1216, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.105

• also improve nanoparticle circulation in the blood and proper transport to the targeted areas, while preserving their physical–chemical properties. Additionally, coating prevents nanoparticle opsonisation by the reticuloendothelial system, which is pivotal for determining how fast nanoparticles can

3D superconducting hollow nanowires with tailored diameters grown by focused He⁺ beam direct writing

• Rosa Córdoba,
• Alfonso Ibarra,
• Dominique Mailly,
• Isabel Guillamón,
• Hermann Suderow and
• José María De Teresa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1198–1206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.104

• nano-antennas and sensors, based on 3D superconducting architectures. Keywords: electron tomography; focused ion beam induced deposition (FIBID); helium ion microscope; magneto-transport measurements; nano-superconductors; tungsten carbide (WC); Introduction Superconductors are dissipationless

• for quantum computation. The behavior of nanosized superconductors as one-dimensional quantum oscillators [1], Josephson junction arrays [2], electronic transport devices [3][4][5][6][7], very small-scale devices [8][9], micrometer-scale coolers [10], or thermal and spin sensors [11][12] has been

• pA is depicted in Figure 5c. These results are in good agreement with the previous work reported by some of the authors [17]. Magneto-electrical-transport study To determine the critical superconducting parameters in NWs grown at 0.65, 1.3, and 2.18 pA (Figure 6 and Table 2), a magneto-electrical

Monolayers of MoS₂ on Ag(111) as decoupling layers for organic molecules: resolution of electronic and vibronic states of TCNQ

• Asieh Yousofnejad,
• Gaël Reecht,
• Nils Krane,
• Christian Lotze and
• Katharina J. Franke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1062–1071, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.91

• molecule is freely hanging between the electrodes [7][8][9][10]. While these configurations give access to important transport properties [11][12][13], they do not allow for imaging molecular properties with intramolecular resolution [14]. The latter requires the molecules to be flat lying on a surface. To

• (dots associated with the right axis). A Lorentzian peak of 60 meV broadening is applied to all of these modes. c) Schematic representation of electron transport through a TCNQ molecule adsorbed on MoS2/Ag(111): singly charged TCNQ− is formed upon injecting an electron into a vibronic state of an

A new photodetector structure based on graphene nanomeshes: an ab initio study

• Babak Sakkaki,
• Hassan Rasooli Saghai,
• Ghafar Darvish and
• Mehdi Khatir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1036–1044, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.88

• , and then proceed with the design of the photodetector based on a suitable material. We further calculate the transport and photocurrent of the devices. To demonstrate improved performance of the proposed devices, we perform simulations on three types of devices. Graphene, GNMs and GNRs are materials

• simulations. We assumed a finite GNM length between the two contacts. The channel of the photodetector has three GNM supercells along the transport direction (X direction), while in the perpendicular direction the channel length is defined to be infinite. To compare the designed devices with other

• defined via the following formula: where R, A, and H are responsivity, length of active region, and width of the device, respectively. Jdark is the dark-current density obtained from transport analysis in the absence of light. To calculate the dark current of the proposed photodetectors at different bias

Atomic layer deposition for efficient oxygen evolution reaction at Pt/Ir catalyst layers

• Stefanie Schlicht,
• Korcan Percin,
• Stefanie Kriescher,
• André Hofer,
• Claudia Weidlich,
• Matthias Wessling and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 952–959, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.79

• ), a rather thick layer of the order of 1 μm is observed. Some cracks can be detected on the egdes of the coating where the fibers cross, due to low transport rates at these locations and high mechanical stress. The existence of the noble metals is proven by energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX

A 3D-polyphenylalanine network inside porous alumina: Synthesis and characterization of an inorganic–organic composite membrane

• Jonathan Stott and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 938–951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.78

• functionalization [33][34]. The surface of ALOX-membranes contains hydroxyl groups, which can be used for chemical modification [35]. Their porosity predetermines different conditions in wet chemical surface functionalization due to a restricted and diffusion limited transport of reactants to the inner surface of

Band tail state related photoluminescence and photoresponse of ZnMgO solid solution nanostructured films

• Vadim Morari,
• Aida Pantazi,
• Nicolai Curmei,
• Vitalie Postolache,
• Emil V. Rusu,
• Marius Enachescu,
• Ion M. Tiginyanu and
• Veaceslav V. Ursaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 899–910, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.75

• nanoparticles embedded into the ZnMgO matrix are useful for fast electron transport and high charge balance in quantum dot light emitting diodes [22]. The multiphase composition of films prepared by spin coating and annealed at temperatures lower that 450 °C was revealed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. As

Key for crossing the BBB with nanoparticles: the rational design

• Sonia M. Lombardo,
• Marc Schneider,
• Akif E. Türeli and
• Nazende Günday Türeli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 866–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.72

• of the microvessels is the largest interface for blood–brain exchange with an average of 12 to 18 m2 in adults [5]. The BBB is responsible for maintaining the brain homeostasis by regulating ion and nutrient transport as well as protecting the brain against neurotoxic molecules [6]. To fulfill its

• diffuse through the BBB by transmembrane diffusion [4]. Furthermore, the BBB endothelial cells have a low degree of pinocytic activity, which again restrains the transport of molecules to the brain [3][8][31]. Transport proteins: carrier-mediated transport and efflux proteins To assure the transport to

• the brain of specific molecules such as nutrients or amino acids, transport proteins are present on the luminal and basolateral side of the endothelial cells. For instance, GLUT-1, large neutral amino acid transporters (LAT), nucleoside transporters and also organic cation and anion transporters have

Transition from freestanding SnO₂ nanowires to laterally aligned nanowires with a simulation-based experimental design

• Jasmin-Clara Bürger,
• Sebastian Gutsch and
• Margit Zacharias

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 843–853, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.69

• the powder boat, the metal vapor concentration is homogeneous for all three simulated volumetric flows. In the upstream direction, metal vapor is found, although its concentration is significantly reduced. This is due to the two transport mechanisms of the vapor: diffusion and convection. Equation 1

• coefficient at standard conditions. The general transport equation is described by the following Equation 3 [28]: where ρ is the density, c is the vapor concentration, time t, carrier gas velocity u, diffusion coefficient D and external vapor sources R. In Equation 3, the first term on the left-hand-side

• carbothermal reduction and of the NW synthesis: Not only the transport mechanisms, but also the chemical equilibria of all reactions are influenced by the process pressure and the substrate temperature. Le Chatelier’s principle describes the probability regarding in which direction a reaction occurs [31

Integrated photonics multi-waveguide devices for optical trapping and Raman spectroscopy: design, fabrication and performance demonstration

• Gyllion B. Loozen,
• Arnica Karuna,
• Mohammad M. R. Fanood,
• Erik Schreuder and
• Jacob Caro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 829–842, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.68

• particle (we use polystyrene beads; see below) can be grabbed from the fluidic volume, transported and then be handed over to a multi-waveguide trap. This transport is actually carried out by translating the main stage, on which the assembly with the sample holder and the small stages are mounted, while

Templating effect of single-layer graphene supported by an insulating substrate on the molecular orientation of lead phthalocyanine

• K. Priya Madhuri,
• Abhay A. Sagade,
• Pralay K. Santra and
• Neena S. John

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 814–820, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.66

• transport in semiconductor devices [7]. Pristine substrate surfaces of HOPG and Si themselves can induce orientation control over the growth of MPc structures without the aid of additional templating layers. In our earlier work, we have observed that orientation and molecular packing of nonplanar PbPc

• monoclinic moieties along the qz direction indicates that the PbPc molecules exhibit ordered stacking, normal to the substrate plane. This type of vertical ordering known as cofacial arrangement can promote charge transport in the vertical direction [6][9][26]. Further, a small fraction of the (320

• ). The conducting domains may arise as a result of face-on monoclinic fractions that are vertically stacked. Such stacked molecules can give rise to more energy states near the bandgap aiding charge transport [9]. The less conductive regions may have triclinic moieties or other crystallite arrangements

Light–matter interactions in two-dimensional layered WSe₂ for gauging evolution of phonon dynamics

• Avra S. Bandyopadhyay,
• Chandan Biswas and
• Anupama B. Kaul

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 782–797, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.63

• external stimuli. For example, external radiation could be in the form of heat or optical energy, which also directly influences properties such as the electronic and optoelectronic transport and the thermal conductivity of the material. In this work, we have conducted an in-depth analysis of the phonon

Nickel nanoparticles supported on a covalent triazine framework as electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reactions

• Secil Öztürk,
• Yu-Xuan Xiao,
• Dennis Dietrich,
• Beatriz Giesen,
• Juri Barthel,
• Jie Ying,
• Xiao-Yu Yang and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 770–781, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.62

• with lone electron pairs, which enable a coordination of nickel, a high chemical and thermal stability arising from the covalently bonded framework as well as high surface area and large pore volume, which allow for a facile molecular transport of reactants and products. We report a route to Ni

Structural optical and electrical properties of a transparent conductive ITO/Al–Ag/ITO multilayer contact

• Aliyu Kabiru Isiyaku,
• Ahmad Hadi Ali and
• Nafarizal Nayan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 695–702, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.57

• improve the transport from the lower to the upper part of the device [9]. The good adhesion, low resistivity, and the stability against oxidation and corrosion of Al films make them suitable for application in optical and electronic devices [18][19][20]. The low resistivity and relatively high

Effect of substitutional defects on resonant tunneling diodes based on armchair graphene and boron nitride nanoribbons lateral heterojunctions

• Majid Sanaeepur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 688–694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.56

• substitutional defects (including BC, NC, CB, and CN) at the interface of graphene and boron nitride nanoribbons on the negative differential resistance behavior of the proposed resonant tunneling diode is investigated. Transport simulations are carried out in the framework of tight-binding Hamiltonians and non

• energies to form a planar 3D structure in which the direction of carrier transport is perpendicular to the interface of stacked materials [21][22][23]. In recent years, a few RTD structures based on 2D materials have been proposed [24][25][26]. In such RTDs the bandgap difference needed for normal

• substitutional defects at the interface of AGNR/ABNNR heterojunctions on the electronic behavior of the proposed RTD is investigated. The effect of substitutional defects on the electronic transport properties of zigzag graphene nanoribbons symmetrically decorated with BN is described in [34]. However, it

Electromigration-induced directional steps towards the formation of single atomic Ag contacts

• Atasi Chatterjee,
• Christoph Tegenkamp and
• Herbert Pfnür

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 680–687, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.55

• growth behavior so that they are nanocrystalline with an average grain size between 30 and 50 nm. These grain boundaries turned out to be the main source of lateral resistance [27]. Therefore, the EM-induced material transport is mainly expected to take place at these boundaries. EM at grain boundaries

• wide Ag contact results in clear unidirectional material transport, as seen by the large clusters preferentially formed on the right-hand side of Figure 1b, appearing as white spots. However, a filamentous structure is always formed on the left-hand side, which neither allows one to identify the exact

• high probability of electron scattering at grain boundaries, material transport mainly happens at and across grain boundaries, but not within the homogeneous crystalline material that is typically assumed in most models. Therefore, deviations from these models must be expected. Focussing for the moment

Comparison of fresh and aged lithium iron phosphate cathodes using a tailored electrochemical strain microscopy technique

• Matthias Simolka,
• Hanno Kaess and
• Kaspar Andreas Friedrich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 583–596, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.46

• a homogeneous high signal on planar locations inside the particle. The variation of the ESM signal inside the particle is most likely caused by the anisotropic ionic mobility of the olivine structure of LFP. The olivine structure exhibits preferential lithium-ion transport along the [10] channel of

• the lattice [56][57], which therefore influences the ESM signal intensity, since the preferential lithium-ion transport direction induces a high concentration change during the dc-voltage pulse, while for ionic blocking directions, no concentration change is achieved and therefore no change in the ESM

• the coexistence of a lithiated and delithiated phase for LFP [78]. Additionally, other mechanisms and factors, e.g., the generation of surface layers, porosity and tortuosity of electrodes, electrolyte salts and concentration gradients in the electrodes are affecting the ion transport and therefore

Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery

• Varsha Sharma and
• Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 508–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.41

• applications such as molecular recognition, selective transport processes and the design of supramolecular devices with functional (e.g., electroactive and photoactive) components [85]. “Smart polymers” emerged from supramolecular chemistry provide reversibility of noncovalent interactions that make them

Interfacial charge transfer processes in 2D and 3D semiconducting hybrid perovskites: azobenzene as photoswitchable ligand

• Nicole Fillafer,
• Tobias Seewald,
• Lukas Schmidt-Mende and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 466–479, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.38

• of studies on semiconductor particles ligands or capping agents are used that bind to the surface of the particles covering them with an electrically insulating shell. Since the transport of charge carriers and/or energy across interfaces is desirable for a variety of applications, the use of π

• ; organic–inorganic hybrid materials; particle synthesis; semiconductors; transport across interfaces; Introduction Recently the class of hybrid perovskites attracted great attention in materials chemistry and physics [1][2][3]. In addition to an outstanding performance in photovoltaics, a peculiar feature

• properties in detail focussing in particular on photoswitching and charge-carrier transport. Results and Discussion Preparation and characterization of photoswitchable ligands As a proof of concept four suitable azobenzene ligands were synthesized. The preparation of the compounds using standard organic