AI-assisted models to predict chemotherapy drugs modified with C₆₀ fullerene derivatives

• Jonathan-Siu-Loong Robles-Hernández,
• Dora Iliana Medina,
• Katerin Aguirre-Hurtado,
• Marlene Bosquez,
• Roberto Salcedo and
• Alan Miralrio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1170–1188, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.95

• relationship (QSAR)/ quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR) models, this study explores the application of fullerene derivatives as nanocarriers for breast cancer chemotherapy drugs. Isolated drugs and two drug–fullerene complexes (i.e., drug–pristine C60 fullerene and drug–carboxyfullerene C60

• C60 [21]. The unmodified fullerene C60 is known as a “free radical sponge” because its double bonds tend to accept free radicals [22]. Because of its size, surface area, and capacity to extinguish or generate reactive oxygen species, C60 is very promising in medicine and clinical therapy [23][24]. It

• , such as water solubility, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and hypoallergic response. It has been shown that PHFs can inhibit cancer tumor growth and positively regulate the immune system [26]. The same is valid for carboxylated fullerenes [27]; for instance, C60[C(COOH)2]3 is well known for its

A review on the structural characterization of nanomaterials for nano-QSAR models

• Salvador Moncho,
• Eva Serrano-Candelas,
• Jesús Vicente de Julián-Ortiz and
• Rafael Gozalbes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 854–866, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.71

• the surface. In the case of C60 fullerene structures (with the same exact fullerene composition), the datapoints were identified merely based on these side groups only. The corresponding molecular descriptors comprised 3D QM-calculated descriptors (which include the constant fullerene) and descriptors

Classification and application of metal-based nanoantioxidants in medicine and healthcare

• Nguyen Nhat Nam,
• Nguyen Khoi Song Tran,
• Tan Tai Nguyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Trai,
• Nguyen Phuong Thuy,
• Hoang Dang Khoa Do,
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran and
• Kieu The Loan Trinh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 396–415, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.36

• reaction of C60 fullerene in 1991 [66], C60 derivates were investigated for scavenging various free radicals including alkoxyl radicals, alkylperoxyl radicals, hydroxyl radicals, benzyl radicals, and superoxide radicals [67][68][69]. Since then, a large number of SOD-mimicking nanomaterials have been

Molecular nanoarchitectonics: unification of nanotechnology and molecular/materials science

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 434–453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.35

• molecule–polymer nanoconjugates consisting of C60 molecules and polydiacetylene nanowires at designated locations on a solid surface (Figure 2). First, diacetylene monomers were self-assembled on the solid substrate. Then, polydiacetylene nanowires were formed by chain polymerization between the monomer

• molecules by UV light irradiation. In the process, a cycloaddition reaction occurred between one nearby C60 molecule adsorbed on the surface and the most frontal part of the polydiacetylene molecular skeleton. As a result, nanojunctions were created. Scanning tunneling microscopy proved that the C60

• molecule was covalently bonded to each end of the π-conjugated polydiacetylene backbone. The carbene at the front end of the polydiacetylene chain reacted with the 6-6 moiety of the C60 molecule, cleaving a double bond of the C60 molecule and forming a three-membered ring via cycloaddition as an

Cyclodextrins as eminent constituents in nanoarchitectonics for drug delivery systems

• Makoto Komiyama

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 218–232, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.21

• glutathione and the pH decrease [100]. In order to deliver DOX to the cell nuclei, water-soluble conjugates of β-CyD with C60 fullerene have been employed [101]. CyDs are also useful for the treatment of COVID-19, which has been spreading all over the world as pandemic [102][103][104]. For example, remdesivir

Self-assembly of C₆₀ on a ZnTPP/Fe(001)–p(1 × 1)O substrate: observation of a quasi-freestanding C₆₀ monolayer

• Guglielmo Albani,
• Michele Capra,
• Alessandro Lodesani,
• Alberto Calloni,
• Gianlorenzo Bussetti,
• Marco Finazzi,
• Franco Ciccacci,
• Alberto Brambilla,
• Lamberto Duò and
• Andrea Picone

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 857–864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.76

• Fullerene (C60) has been deposited in ultrahigh vacuum on top of a zinc tetraphenylporphyrin (ZnTPP) monolayer self-assembled on a Fe(001)–p(1 × 1)O substrate. The nanoscale morphology and the electronic properties of the C60/ZnTPP/Fe(001)–p(1 × 1)O heterostructure have been investigated by scanning

• tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy. C60 nucleates compact and well-ordered hexagonal domains on top of the ZnTPP buffer layer, suggesting a high surface diffusivity of C60 and a weak coupling between the overlayer and the substrate. Accordingly, work function

• measurements reveal a negligible charge transfer at the C60/ZnTPP interface. Finally, the difference between the energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and that of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) measured on C60 is about 3.75 eV, a value remarkably higher than those found in

Tubular glassy carbon microneedles with fullerene-like tips for biomedical applications

• Sharali Malik and
• George E. Kostakis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 455–461, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.38

• , at 20 kV) showed that the materials are only carbon with no other detectable elements. The rounded caps of the glassy carbon tubules suggest that they have characteristics of fullerenes regarding the need for pentagons in addition to hexagons to close the cap [15] (see the model of fullerene C60 in

A chemiresistive sensor array based on polyaniline nanocomposites and machine learning classification

• Jiri Kroutil,
• Alexandr Laposa,
• Ali Ahmad,
• Jan Voves,
• Vojtech Povolny,
• Ladislav Klimsa,
• Marina Davydova and
• Miroslav Husak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 411–423, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.34

• (nanopowder), PANI/WO3 (nanotubes), PANI/In2O3, PANI/C60 (fullerene), PANI/nanocrystalline diamond (NCD), and PANI/BaTiO3, deposited on a flexible sensor array platform with a new design. Seven different nanocomposite sensing layers deposited on the array were exposed to six different gases (ammonia, carbon

• FERA3 GM), as shown in Figure 1a–h. All nanocomposite active layers, that is, PANI/ZnO, PANI/WO3 (nanopowder), PANI/WO3 (nanowires), PANI/In2O3, PANI/C60, PANI/NCD, and PANI/BaTiO3 have similar morphological features with a uniform distribution of additives in polyaniline. We can observe small ZnO

• Sn0.63Pb0.37. The sensor size array is 16.2 mm (width) × 16.2 mm (length) with the sensing layer size of 1.7 mm × 1.7 mm. A pin header connector is used for connection of the sensor array. Sensor arrays with PANI/nanocomposite (PANI/ZnO, PANI/WO3 (nanopowder), PANI/WO3 (nanowires), PANI/In2O3, PANI/C60, PANI

Impact of electron–phonon coupling on electron transport through T-shaped arrangements of quantum dots in the Kondo regime

• Patryk Florków and
• Stanisław Lipiński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1209–1225, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.89

• in the linear conductance [23][24][27][28]. There are also reports on T-shaped carbon nanotube structures [29][30] and similar carbon devices engineered by attaching C60 buckyballs onto the sidewall of a single-walled carbon nanotube (carbon nanobud [31]). Many experiments showed that Kondo and Fano

• strength depend on the specific setup. All ranges, that is, weak, intermediate, and strong coupling, are accessible. As an example, data for carbon systems are given: The experimental results for suspended carbon nanotube QDs showed an average value of strong coupling λ ≈ 1.7 [48]. For fullerene C60

Influence of electrospray deposition on C₆₀ molecular assemblies

• Antoine Hinaut,
• Sebastian Scherb,
• Sara Freund,
• Zhao Liu,
• Thilo Glatzel and
• Ernst Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 552–558, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.45

• conditions are more difficult to be maintained. Additionally, because the presence of solvent on the surface cannot be fully eliminated, one has to take care of its possible influence. Here, we compare the high-vacuum electrospray deposition method to thermal evaporation for the preparation of C60 on

• method can yield single isolated molecules accompanied by surface modifications. Keywords: alkali halide; Au(111); bulk insulator; C60; electrospray; electrospray deposition; fullerene; high-vacuum electrospray deposition (HV-ESD); molecular assembly; nc-AFM; NiO; single molecule; thermal evaporation

• the sample. Nevertheless, the contamination from solvent introduction can be reduced down to conditions compatible with high-resolution scanning probe microscopy (SPM) techniques [10][12]. Buckminsterfullerene C60, scheme in Figure 1b, is among the most extensively studied molecules in surface science

Extended iron phthalocyanine islands self-assembled on a Ge(001):H surface

• Rafal Zuzak,
• Marek Szymonski and
• Szymon Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 232–241, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.19

• between the molecules and the surface is weak. This leads to a dominant role of molecule–molecule interactions and the formation of molecular crystals. In case of phthalocyanines, the upright orientation has been reported, for example, for CuPc on a layer of C60 [66] and for CuPc on top of the CuPc

A review on the biological effects of nanomaterials on silkworm (Bombyx mori)

• Sandra Senyo Fometu,
• Guohua Wu,
• Lin Ma and
• Joan Shine Davids

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 190–202, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.15

• al. [41] reported that the dietary uptake of carbon-based nanomaterials (fullerene C60, carbon black, single-walled nanotubes, multi-walled nanotubes) had no toxic effect on the growth and development of Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) from the egg stage to the adult form. However, the dietary

Adsorption behavior of tin phthalocyanine onto the (110) face of rutile TiO₂

• Lukasz Bodek,
• Mads Engelund,
• Aleksandra Cebrat and
• Bartosz Such

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 821–828, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.67

• (above 5 V) leads to a lateral movement of the molecules or to their distortion. The conformational switching of SnPc molecules was previously discussed for the Ag(111) surface [21], the InAs(111) surface [26] and a 1 ML PTCDA/Ag(111) interface [27]. Using a C60-functionalized tip, successful switching

Templating effect of single-layer graphene supported by an insulating substrate on the molecular orientation of lead phthalocyanine

• K. Priya Madhuri,
• Abhay A. Sagade,
• Pralay K. Santra and
• Neena S. John

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 814–820, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.66

• also been utilized for inducing the growth of the triclinic phase [7][8]. These studies indicate that the growth of an organic film depends on the delicate interplay between the substrate–molecule and the molecule–molecule interactions. In the case of CuPc molecules deposited on C60 layers on highly

A novel dry-blending method to reduce the coefficient of thermal expansion of polymer templates for OTFT electrodes

• Xiangdong Ye,
• Bo Tian,
• Yuxuan Guo,
• Fan Fan and
• Anjiang Cai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 671–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.53

• the influence of fullerene (C60) on the CTE of Araldite LY 5052/Aradur HY 5052 cross-linked epoxy resin by molecular dynamics simulations. The CTE was minimized by adding a maximum of 15.9 wt % fullerene to the LY/HY/C60 epoxy system. Liu et al. [14] selected MCM-41 mesoporous silica nanoparticles

Nontoxic pyrite iron sulfide nanocrystals as second electron acceptor in PTB7:PC₇₁BM-based organic photovoltaic cells

• Olivia Amargós-Reyes,
• José-Luis Maldonado,
• Omar Martínez-Alvarez,
• María-Elena Nicho,
• José Santos-Cruz,
• Juan Nicasio-Collazo,
• Irving Caballero-Quintana and
• Concepción Arenas-Arrocena

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2238–2250, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.216

• respect to the reference devices [21]. Cheng et al. used ICBA (di[1,4]methanonaphthaleno[1,2:2',3';56,60:2'',3''][5,6]fullerene-C60-Ih, 1',1'',4',4''-tetrahydro-) to provide more routes for charge transfer at the PTB7:PC71BM interface, improving the average efficiency from 7.23 to 8.13% [41]. Wang et al

Charge-transfer interactions between fullerenes and a mesoporous tetrathiafulvalene-based metal–organic framework

• Manuel Souto,
• Joaquín Calbo,
• Samuel Mañas-Valero,
• Aron Walsh and
• Guillermo Mínguez Espallargas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1883–1893, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.183

• (CT) process between the framework and the guest molecules is a crucial step towards the design of new electroactive MOFs. Herein, we present the encapsulation of fullerenes (C60) in a mesoporous tetrathiafulvalene (TTF)-based MOF. The CT process between the electron-acceptor C60 guest and the

• increased by two orders of magnitude due to the CT interactions between C60 and the TTF-based framework. Keywords: charge transfer; donor–acceptor; fullerene; metal–organic frameworks (MOFs); tetrathiafulvalene (TTF); Introduction Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), which are crystalline porous materials

• electrical conductivity and porosity at the same time. Fullerenes (C60) [25] have found numerous applications in different fields, ranging from molecular electronics and nanotechnology to biomedical applications, due to their exceptional electrochemical and photophysical properties [26][27]. In particular

Kelvin probe force microscopy work function characterization of transition metal oxide crystals under ongoing reduction and oxidation

• Dominik Wrana,
• Karol Cieślik,
• Wojciech Belza,
• Christian Rodenbücher,
• Krzysztof Szot and
• Franciszek Krok

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1596–1607, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.155

• following study [37]. The CPD resolution at the TiO/SrTiO3 transition is insensitive to the nanowire height, following the same asymptotic behavior (see Figure 4d), unlike the situation for C60 islands on HOPG, where a spread of 50 nm was reported, while the topography resolution was 10 nm [38]. From our

Materials nanoarchitectonics at two-dimensional liquid interfaces

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Michio Matsumoto,
• Taizo Mori and
• Lok Kumar Shrestha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1559–1587, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.153

• , C60) molecules as assembling components are both technically and scientifically attractive [235]. In addition to the technical importance of fullerene in many applications including physical devices and biomedical usages, assembly processes from completely symmetrical zero-dimensional objects with

•  15) [237][238][239]. Fullerene molecules, such as C60 and C70, are dissolved in a liquid phase (good solvent) that contacts an immiscible liquid phase in which the molecules are poorly soluble (poor solvent). The formation of crystalline assemblies of fullerene molecules is induced by supersaturation

• at the liquid–liquid interface. For example, C60 rods or needles can be obtained at the interface between a saturated solution of C60 in toluene and isopropyl alcohol as poor solvent. 4.2 One-dimensional fullerene assembly materials Shrestha and co-workers have extended the research on dimensionally

Warped graphitic layers generated by oxidation of fullerene extraction residue and its oxygen reduction catalytic activity

• Machiko Takigami,
• Rieko Kobayashi,
• Takafumi Ishii,
• Yasuo Imashiro and
• Jun-ichi Ozaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1391–1400, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.137

• development in the material. Finally, we show that the WGLs are responsible for the catalytic activity of CACs. Experimental Sample preparation Nanom Black (NB-ORG) is a residual carbon found after extracting fullerenes (e.g., C60 and C70) from a fullerene soot produced by a combusting method. It is

Nitrous oxide as an effective AFM tip functionalization: a comparative study

• Taras Chutora,
• Bruno de la Torre,
• Pingo Mutombo,
• Jack Hellerstedt,
• Jaromír Kopeček,
• Pavel Jelínek and
• Martin Švec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 315–321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.30

• decorated either by different molecular species such as C60 [21], naphthalenetetracarboxylic diimide (NTCDI) [22], NO [23] or single atoms such as Xe [24][25], Br [24], Kr [24], O [26], and Cl [1][27]. Such tip terminations have proved to be fairly stable and therefore capable of achieving submolecular

Charged particle single nanometre manufacturing

• Philip D. Prewett,
• Cornelis W. Hagen,
• Claudia Lenk,
• Steve Lenk,
• Marcus Kaestner,
• Tzvetan Ivanov,
• Ahmad Ahmad,
• Ivo W. Rangelow,
• Xiaoqing Shi,
• Stuart A. Boden,
• Alex P. G. Robinson,
• Dongxu Yang,
• Sangeetha Hari,
• Marijke Scotuzzi and
• Ejaz Huq

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2855–2882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.266

• ”. Scanning helium ion beam lithography has the advantages of virtually zero proximity effect, nanoscale patterning capability and high sensitivity in combination with a novel fullerene resist based on the sub-nanometre C60 molecule. The shot noise-limited minimum linewidth achieved to date is 6 nm. The

• plasma chemistry [34]. These resists are polymerized from the C60 molecule, selected for its sub-nanometre dimensions (0.7 nm) and its stability [35]. Resist screening experiments on one of these resists with the experimental codename HM-01 have revealed exceptional plasma etch resistance and stability

Pattern generation for direct-write three-dimensional nanoscale structures via focused electron beam induced deposition

• Lukas Keller and
• Michael Huth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2581–2598, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.240

• already long enough if a proximity correction, i.e., an optimized writing order within a frame, is used. As a second complex example we show in Figure 12 the buckyball motif (like in the C60 fullerene molecule). Since there is a very large range of different edge inclination angles in this structure it is

Lead-free hybrid perovskites for photovoltaics

• Oleksandr Stroyuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2209–2235, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.207

• mixed Sn–Pb perovskites can be further enhanced by the passivation with a C60 layer [98]. The fullerene was found to eliminate the surface trap states of MAPb0.75Sn0.25I3 crystals suppressing the electron–hole recombination as well as shielding the HP layer from the ambient moisture and oxygen. Solar

Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations

• Jaison Jeevanandam,
• Ahmed Barhoum,
• Yen S. Chan,
• Alain Dufresne and
• Michael K. Danquah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1050–1074, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.98

• morphologies such as hollow tubes, ellipsoids or spheres. Fullerenes (C60), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon nanofibers, carbon black, graphene (Gr), and carbon onions are included under the carbon-based NMs category. Laser ablation, arc discharge, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) are the important