Recent advances in photothermal nanomaterials for ophthalmic applications

• Jiayuan Zhuang,
• Linhui Jia,
• Chenghao Li,
• Rui Yang,
• Jiapeng Wang,
• Wen-an Wang,
• Heng Zhou and
• Xiangxia Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 195–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.16

• excreted by penetrating the renal filtration barrier, but too small AuNPs may enter cell membranes and irreversibly bind to cellular biopolymers, leading to cytotoxicity [217]. Large AuNPs may accumulate in eye, liver, and spleen, causing long-term toxicity. Surfactants such as CTAB and CTAC used to assist

TiO₂ immobilized on 2D mordenite: effect of hydrolysis conditions on structural, textural, and optical characteristics of the nanocomposites

• Marina G. Shelyapina,
• Rosario Isidro Yocupicio-Gaxiola,
• Gleb A. Valkovsky and
• Vitalii Petranovskii

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 128–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.12

• cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) layers. The latter method involves the synthesis of layered 2D zeolites in the presence of CTAB and organic structure directing agents (OSDAs), followed by calcination to remove them from the resulting products [1]. The choice of the OSDA determines not only the interlamellar

• distance and, hence, the mesopore size, but also the aluminum distribution and acidic properties of the obtained material, which are key parameters for catalysts [5][7][8][9][10]. One widely used component for the synthesis of 2D zeolites is CTAB [5][9][11][12][13]. To prepare mesoporous materials from

• hybrid zeolite–CTAB aggregates, inorganic pillars are pre-formed in the CTAB layers, which will keep the zeolite lamellae from collapsing when burning the organic phase. The flexibility in the choice of material to form pillars creates a wide range of potential new materials for targeted applications

Characterization of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GP258

• Prashantkumar Siddappa Chakra,
• Aishwarya Banakar,
• Shriram Narayan Puranik,
• Vishwas Kaveeshwar,
• C. R. Ravikumar and
• Devaraja Gayathri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 78–89, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.8

• rRNA. The CTAB method was used to isolate genomic DNA as per the protocol [30]. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted using the following primers: Reverse Primer (396) - 5'-CGGTGTACAAGGCCCGG-3' and Forward Primer (395) - 5'-GGATGAGCCCGCGGCCTA-3'. For the PCR experiments, a thermal cycling

Facile synthesis of size-tunable L-carnosine-capped silver nanoparticles and their role in metal ion sensing and catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar,
• Ridhima Chadha,
• Abhishek Das,
• Nandita Maiti and
• Rayavarapu Raja Gopal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1576–1592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.124

• bands and colors of the ʟ-car-AgNPs samples are similar to those published on CTAB-capped silver nanorods [24]. The formation of aggregated nanoparticles in the current study is probably due to the capping of ʟ-carnosine instead of CTAB. In addition, ʟ-carnosine induces a second absorption peak in the

Nanoarchitectonics with cetrimonium bromide on metal nanoparticles for linker-free detection of toxic metal ions and catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1312–1332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.106

• nanoparticle-based systems capable of efficient detection and degradation. However, conventional approaches utilizing strong capping agents like cetrimonium bromide (CTAB) on nanoparticles lead to limitations due to the rigid nature of CTAB. This restricts its utility in heavy metal detection and 4-NP

• metals and efficient degradation of 4-NP. For enabling linker-free/ligand-free detection of heavy metal ions and catalytic degradation of 4-NP, CTAB was engineered as a versatile capping agent on gold and silver nanoparticles. Various factors, including nanoparticle characteristics such as shape, size

• , metal composition, centrifugation, and NaOH amount, were investigated for their impact on the performance of CTAB-capped nanoparticles in heavy metal detection and 4-NP degradation. CTAB-Au nanospheres demonstrated limited heavy metal ion detection capability but exhibited remarkable efficiency in

Gold nanomakura: nanoarchitectonics and their photothermal response in association with carrageenan hydrogels

• Nabojit Das,
• Vikas,
• Akash Kumar,
• Sanjeev Soni and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 678–693, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.56

• analysis at 670, 650, and 630 nm in CTAB-AuNM, MTAB-AuNM, and DTAB-AuNM, respectively. Furthermore, the impact of morphology and surrounding milieu of the synthesized nanomakuras on photothermal conversion is investigated owing to their retention of plasmonic stability. Interestingly, we found that

• incorporating the nanomakuras and further assessed their photothermal response. Nanomakura particles in association with k-CG were also able to show photothermal conversion, depicting their ability to interact with light without hindrance. The CTAB-AuNM, MTAB-AuNM, and DTAB-AuNM after incorporation into

• bromide (MTAB, C14) and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB, C12) with carbon tails containing 14 and 12 carbon atoms, respectively, other than hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB, C16), which has 16 carbon atoms in the carbon tail via seed-mediated growth method described elsewhere [24]. We

On the additive artificial intelligence-based discovery of nanoparticle neurodegenerative disease drug delivery systems

• Shan He,
• Julen Segura Abarrategi,
• Harbil Bediaga,
• Sonia Arrasate and
• Humberto González-Díaz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 535–555, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.47

• ) and n(cn4) = 16 coating agents (UC, PEG-Si(OMe)3, PVA, sodium citrate, 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid, PVP, propylamonium fragment, undecylazide fragment, CTAB, N,N,N-trimethyl-3(1-propene) ammonium fragment, potato starch, N-acetylcysteine, CMC-90, 2,3-dimercaptopropanesulfonate, 3

New application of bimetallic Ag/Pt nanoplates in a colorimetric biosensor for specific detection of E. coli in water

• Azam Bagheri Pebdeni,
• Mohammad N. AL-Baiati and
• Morteza Hosseini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 95–103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.9

• acid solution was gradually added to a stirred mixture of sodium citrate and AgNO3. The purple Ag seed solution was then obtained. In addition, 10 mL of 0.05 M AgNO3 aqueous solution was mixed with 20 mL of 0.1 M hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) aqueous solution. Slowly, 10 mL of 0.1 M

• ascorbic acid and 0.408 mL of the prepared Ag seed solution were dropped into the CTAB aqueous solution. The Ag nanotemplates were circular. After adding 0.8 mL of 2 M NaOH aqueous solution, the circular Ag nanotemplates were prepared. To lessen the interaction of free CTAB with the synthesis of the

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

Concentration-dependent photothermal conversion efficiency of gold nanoparticles under near-infrared laser and broadband irradiation

• Vikas,
• Raj Kumar and
• Sanjeev Soni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 205–217, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.20

• irradiation power values. Experimental Nanoparticles Gold nanospheres of 40 nm diameter (product no. 741981) and GNRs of 25 × 47 nm size (product no. 771651) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. GNRs of 10 × 38 nm size (product no. A12-10-780-CTAB-DIH-1-25) and GNRs of 10 × 41 nm size (product no. A12-10-808

• -CTAB-DIH-1-25) were purchased from Nanopartz Inc. Suspensions with different concentrations of these GNPs were prepared by using ultrapure water (18.1 MΩ resistivity). Plasmonic photothermal measurements The photothermal experiments were performed by adding a 1.5 mL volume of different GNP

A new method for obtaining the magnetic shape anisotropy directly from electron tomography images

• Cristian Radu,
• Ioana D. Vlaicu and
• Andrei C. Kuncser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 590–598, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.51

• nanoparticle system. Experimental For the preparation of the magnetite MNPs, the following starting materials were used as purchased: FeSO4·7H2O (Merck, 99.5%), hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB, 99+%, Acros Organics), NaOH (puriss p.a., ACS reagent, reag. Ph. Eur., K < 0.02%, ≥98%, pellets), NH4OH (for

• analysis, 28–30 wt % solution of NH3 in water, Acros Organics). The preparation of the MNPs was performed by reverse precipitation, in which an aqueous solution (50 mL) of FeSO4 with the surfactant CTAB (2:1, mass ratio) was slowly dripped into a 50 mL basic solution of NaOH and NH4OH. The solution turned

Tin dioxide nanomaterial-based photocatalysts for nitrogen oxide oxidation: a review

• Viet Van Pham,
• Hong-Huy Tran,
• Thao Kim Truong and
• Thi Minh Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 96–113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.7

• , nanobelts, and nanotubes. These morphologies can be controllably obtained by using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS), cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), or tetrapropyl ammonium bromide (TPAB) as surfactants in a hydrothermal method [56][57][58][59]. The difference of

The role of deep eutectic solvents and carrageenan in synthesizing biocompatible anisotropic metal nanoparticles

• Nabojit Das,
• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 924–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.69

• nanoparticles, especially rod-shaped gold nanoparticles. The most approved and widely used surfactants for synthesizing anisotropic nanoparticles are quaternary ammonium surfactants with halides (bromide, chloride, or iodide) as counterions. Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) is the most commonly used

• maintaining high yield and monodispersity. Initially, gold nanorods were synthesized using electrochemical methods using polycarbonate membrane templates or porous alumina for shape control in the presence of surfactants (mostly CTAB) [34][35]. Because of their optical properties, gold nanorods became

• (NaBH4). Although, seedless synthesis of anisotropic plasmonic metal nanoparticles has been reported, they involved binary surfactants for tuning the absorption spectrum [40]. Apart from CTAB, several other quaternary ammonium surfactants such as myristyltrimethylammonium bromide (MTAB

Rapid controlled synthesis of gold–platinum nanorods with excellent photothermal properties under 808 nm excitation

• Jialin Wang,
• Qianqian Duan,
• Min Yang,
• Boye Zhang,
• Li Guo,
• Pengcui Li,
• Wendong Zhang and
• Shengbo Sang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 462–472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.37

• or presence of Ag+ in the solution were achieved by centrifugation or keeping the Ag+ ions in freshly prepared AuNRs solutions, respectively. When Ag+ was removed, CTAB and K2PtCl4 were added to the cleaned AuNRs solution with an optical density (OD) of 1.5. Please note that the AgNO3 solution was

• Figure 1d and Table 1. Grzelczak et al. proposed an electric field-directed mechanism to explain this phenomenon [27]. The concentration of CTAB in the reaction solution was 8.8 mM. This is much higher than the critical micelle constant (1.04–1.41 mM) of CTAB at this temperature [29][30][31], thus CTAB

• micelles were formed in the solution. PtCl42− is complexed with CTAB micelles and then gets reduced at the surface of AuNRs by ascorbic acid. During the reaction, a relatively obvious Pt shell formed gradually. In sharp contrast, in the presence of Ag+, it is apparent that Pt grows mainly at the tip of the

Doxorubicin-loaded gold nanorods: a multifunctional chemo-photothermal nanoplatform for cancer management

• Uzma Azeem Awan,
• Abida Raza,
• Shaukat Ali,
• Rida Fatima Saeed and
• Nosheen Akhtar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 295–303, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.24

• treatments. Regardless of the various beneficial properties, GNRs have limitations in clinical applications due to the cytotoxicity of the surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), which acts as a template in the synthesis process of GNRs [17]. Different polymers can be used to coat GNRs to enhance

• their biocompatibility and dispersion at physiological pH values. The positive CTAB layer on the GNR surface facilitates electrostatic adsorption of anionic compounds, such as poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS), which ultimately facilitates electrostatic interaction with cationic anticancerous drugs

• ]. The uniform GNRs were synthesized with an aspect ratio of 4.3 (26 ± 2 nm in length and 6 ± 3 nm in width), by keeping pH value (pH 3) and temperature (T = 28 °C) constant. The prepared GNR suspension has a surplus of cytotoxic CTAB, which was removed by repetitive cycles of centrifugation and re

A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

• Sina Kaabipour and
• Shohreh Hemmati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 102–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.9

High-responsivity hybrid α-Ag₂S/Si photodetector prepared by pulsed laser ablation in liquid

• Raid A. Ismail,
• Hanan A. Rawdhan and
• Duha S. Ahmed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1596–1607, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.142

• ) mixed with cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as surfactant. The effect of the CTAB surfactant on the structural, morphological, optical, and elemental composition of Ag2S NPs was evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy

• (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and UV–vis spectroscopy. The optical absorption decreased and the optical energy gap of α-Ag2S increased from 1.5 to 2 eV after the CTAB surfactant was added to the Tu solution. XRD studies revealed that the synthesized Ag2S NPs were polycrystalline

• with a monoclinic structure and that crystallinity of the nanoparticles was improved after adding CTAB. Raman studies revealed the presence of peaks related to Ag–S bonds (Ag modes) and the longitudinal optical phonon 2LO mode. Scanning electron microscopy investigations confirmed the production of

Direct observation of oxygen-vacancy formation and structural changes in Bi₂WO₆ nanoflakes induced by electron irradiation

• Hong-long Shi,
• Bin Zou,
• Zi-an Li,
• Min-ting Luo and
• Wen-zhong Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1434–1442, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.141

• of deionized water, 0.97 g (0.002 mol) Bi(NO3)3·5H2O, 0.15 g cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and 0.33 g (0.001 mol) Na2WO4·2H2O were added successively under magnetic stirring at room temperature to yield the precursor suspension. The precursor suspension was further transferred into a Teflon

Highly ordered mesoporous silica film nanocomposites containing gold nanoparticles for the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol

• Mohamad Azani Jalani,
• Leny Yuliati,
• Siew Ling Lee and
• Hendrik O. Lintang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1368–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.135

• , good thermal stability, high uniformity, and controllable pore size [1]. These nanomaterials with a hexagonal structure were independently discovered using a layered silicate kanemite as a template to form folded sheet materials (FSM)-16 [14] and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a cationic

Polydopamine-coated Au nanorods for targeted fluorescent cell imaging and photothermal therapy

• Boris N. Khlebtsov,
• Andrey M. Burov,
• Timofey E. Pylaev and
• Nikolai G. Khlebtsov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 794–803, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.79

• fluids because of a cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) bilayer on the AuNR surface, which is a necessary agent in the synthesis method [16]. The coating of the nanoparticles with polymeric or inorganic shells and further functionalization with target molecules can help to overcome this drawback

• transversal and longitudinal plasmonic peak intensities is 3.6, which is indicative to small amount of impurities in the AuNR sample. The adsorption of positively charged CTAB molecules on AuNR surface prevents a successful adsorption of dopamine. To make a PDA coating feasible, the CTAB molecules were

• replaced with the thiolated polyethylene glycol (PEG-SH) as the latter molecules interact more strongly with the Au surface. Without this intermediate procedure, the adsorption of dopamine on CTAB-stabilized AuNRs resulted in nanoparticle aggregation. The formation of the PDA coating can be easily induced

Self-assembly and wetting properties of gold nanorod–CTAB molecules on HOPG

• Imtiaz Ahmad,
• Floor Derkink,
• Tim Boulogne,
• Pantelis Bampoulis,
• Harold J. W. Zandvliet,
• Hidayat Ullah Khan,
• Rahim Jan and
• E. Stefan Kooij

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 696–705, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.69

• , University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25120, Pakistan School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan 10.3762/bjnano.10.69 Abstract The formation of self-assembled superstructures of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) after

• drying on a nonwetting highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface have been investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Although SEM did not reveal coverage of CTAB layers, AFM showed not only CTAB assembly, but also the dynamics of the process on the

• surface. The self-assembled layers of CTAB molecules on the HOPG terraces prior to nanorod deposition were shown to change the wettability of the surface, and as a result, gold nanorod deposition takes place on nonwetting HOPG terraces. Keywords: CTAB; gold nanorods; micelles; self-assembly; wettability

Surface plasmon resonance enhancement of photoluminescence intensity and bioimaging application of gold nanorod@CdSe/ZnS quantum dots

• Siyi Hu,
• Yu Ren,
• Yue Wang,
• Jinhua Li,
• Junle Qu,
• Liwei Liu,
• Hanbin Ma and
• Yuguo Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 22–31, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.3

• and biophotonics applications. Experimental Materials and instrumentation Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB, >98.0%), L-ascorbic acid (BioUltra, ≥99.5%), silver nitrate (AgNO3, >99%), gold(III) chloride trihydrate (HAuCl4·3H2O, 99%), 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA, ≥99%), N-ethyl-N'-(3

• prepared by drop casting the sample dispersion onto an amorphous carbon-coated 300 mesh copper grid. Synthesis of GNRs To synthesize the GNRs, the seed-mediated growth method in CTAB solution was applied, as previously discussed [30][31]. The seed solution was prepared using 5 mL of a 0.2 M CTAB solution

• and 5 mL of 0.1 mM HAuCl4. Following this, 0.6 mL of ice-cold 0.01 M NaBH4 solution was quickly added to the HAuCl4− CTAB solution and vigorously stirred for 3–5 min. This caused the solution color to change from yellow to light brown. The solution was stored at 37 °C for 30 min before use. The growth

Graphene-enhanced metal oxide gas sensors at room temperature: a review

• Dongjin Sun,
• Yifan Luo,
• Marc Debliquy and
• Chao Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2832–2844, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.264

• active sites. Meng and co-workers [81] published an inspiring study, where they develop a microwave-assisted hydrothermal technique to grow CuO rods in GO suspension using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a soft template. The Cu2O nanorods–rGO hybrids obtained after annealing showed a porous

Cyclodextrin-assisted synthesis of tailored mesoporous silica nanoparticles

• Fuat Topuz and
• Tamer Uyar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 693–703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.64

• bromide (CTAB). Rod-like MSNs were synthesized by using Pluronic 123, a copolymer of ethylene and propylene oxides as porogen additive in the presence of NH4F and heptane [14]. The length and width of such particles could be tuned by addition of HCl. Likewise, Oden and co-workers reported a morphological

• structures were produced using a combination of CTAB surfactant, ethylene glycol solvent and NH4OH as the catalyst. MSNs were also reported in branched forms using organosilane precursors in a one-pot, CTAB-directed sol–gel synthesis [17]. For such a system, increasing the ethyl acetate concentration led to

• injection of tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) and the template molecule n-dodecylamine into the reaction system [18]. Likewise, stearylamine, which has one less alkyl group relative to CTAB, was used as the surfactant to generate microporous silica particles [19]. On the other hand, without the requirement of a

Facile phase transfer of gold nanorods and nanospheres stabilized with block copolymers

• Yaroslav I. Derikov,
• Georgiy A. Shandryuk,
• Raisa V. Talroze,
• Alexander A. Ezhov and
• Yaroslav V. Kudryavtsev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 616–627, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.58

• nanorods depend on the refractive index of a medium bordering the nanorod surface. The effect is more pronounced for the TM mode. As shown in [47], in hydrosols, CTAB forms a 4–5 nm bilayer at the surface of Au nanoparticles. The optical dispersion curves for the substances relevant to this study are

• presented in Figure 3. For the sodium D-line, the refractive index of CTAB equals 1.4350 [48], which is close to 1.4440 for chloroform [49], but markedly different from 1.3333 for water [43], 1.4956 for benzene [44], 1.4920 for toluene [44], 1.5915 for polystyrene [50] and 1.622 for poly(2-vinylpyridine) at

• 436 nm [51]. Thus, the presence of a CTAB bilayer at the Au nanorod surface should noticeably shift the maximum position of the TM plasmon resonance in water and benzene. This can be checked by simulations for a model in which a single nanorod is coated with a surface layer with the refractive index