Entry of nanoparticles into cells and tissues: status and challenges

• Kirsten Sandvig,
• Tore Geir Iversen and
• Tore Skotland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1017–1029, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.83

• endocytosis in epithelial cells differ in the sense that caveolae are found only on the basolateral side [21][22]. Interestingly, in polarized epithelial cells such as in an MDCK cell layer, the apical and basolateral uptake is differentially regulated by several signaling pathways, for instance by

• such as Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, but on both sides of the endothelial cell layer. It should be noted that dynamin was recently reported to stabilize some caveolae [12]. Figure 1 was reproduced from [7] (© 2018 K. Sandvig et al., published by Springer Nature, distributed under the terms

Internalization mechanisms of cell-penetrating peptides

• Ivana Ruseska and
• Andreas Zimmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 101–123, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.10

Enhanced inhibition of influenza virus infection by peptide–noble-metal nanoparticle conjugates

• Zaid K. Alghrair,
• David G. Fernig and
• Bahram Ebrahimi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1038–1047, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.104

• nanoparticles in a variety of tests, including ligand exchange with dithiothreitol. The free FluPep ligand peptide was found to inhibit viral plaque formation in canine MDCK cells (IC50 = 2.1 nM), but was less potent than FluPep itself (IC50 = 140 pM). Nanoparticles functionalised with FluPep ligand showed

• that has been observed previously with other functional peptides [31][32]. Anti-influenza activity of FluPep and FluPep ligand MDCK cells are susceptible to both influenza type-A and type-B viruses and are routinely used to measure influenza virus infectivity. The principle is that following influenza

• Madin–Darby canine kidney epithelial cells [MDCK (ATCC CRL-2936)] were grown in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) supplemented with 5% (v/v) foetal calf serum (FCS) (Labtech International Ltd, East Sussex, UK), 1% (v/v) 200 mM L-glutamine, 1% (v/v) 100 U/mL penicillin and 1% (v/v) 100 µg/mL

Effects of gold and PCL- or PLLA-coated silica nanoparticles on brain endothelial cells and the blood–brain barrier

• Aniela Bittner,
• Angélique D. Ducray,
• Hans Rudolf Widmer,
• Michael H. Stoffel and
• Meike Mevissen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 941–954, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.95

• enter the brain and cause or worsen diseases of the central nervous system [16] that NPs might contribute to [17]. Coated or uncoated mesoporous Si-NPs of different size and zeta potential did not elicit considerable cytotoxicity in MDCK II kidney epithelial cells or RBE4 rat brain ECs but were taken up

• by both cell types. However, uptake was found to be more prominent in RBE4 cells compared to MDCK II cells [18]. After exposure of rat primary cultured brain microvessel ECs (rBMECs) to Au-NPs, smaller NPs were demonstrated to be taken up to a higher extent compared to larger NPs. Overall, only the

• different shape, size (50 to 240 nm) and zeta potential (negative to neutral) did not elicit cytotoxicity in MDCK II kidney epithelial cells and RBE4 ECs at concentrations of up to [50 µg/mL] [18]. As the highest concentration for polymer-coated Si-NPs used in our study was half ([24.9 µg/mL]), the

Non-agglomerated silicon–organic nanoparticles and their nanocomplexes with oligonucleotides: synthesis and properties

• Asya S. Levina,
• Marina N. Repkova,
• Nadezhda V. Shikina,
• Zinfer R. Ismagilov,
• Svetlana A. Yashnik,
• Dmitrii V. Semenov,
• Yulia I. Savinovskaya,
• Natalia A. Mazurkova,
• Inna A. Pyshnaya and
• Valentina F. Zarytova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2516–2525, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.234

• influenza A virus (IAV) replication in the cell culture. The concentration of Si–NH2 and Si–NH2·ODN resulting in 50% MDCK cell death (TC50) was found to be 10–20 mM (for Si). The nontoxic concentration of the samples (0.014 mM for silicon) was used to study their ability to interact with the RNA target in

• influenza A virus H5N1. MDCK cells were infected at a multicipity of infection (MOI) of 0.1 TCID50/cell. The nanocomplex containing oligonucleotide ODN(4) complementary to viral RNA inhibited the virus reproduction by about three orders of magnitude (Figure 6), whereas Si–NH2 nanoparticles, unbound ODN(4

• -glutamine (Sigma-Aldrich, USA); RPMI-1640 medium; antibiotics (BioloT, Russia); fetal calf serum (Gibco, USA). Сhicken erythrocytes, MDCK cells, and influenza A virus strain A/chicken/Kurgan/05/2005 (H5N1) were from FBRI Vector, Russia. Trypsin (1 mg/mL) and penicillin-streptomycin (100 U/mL) were stored at

High antiviral effect of TiO₂·PL–DNA nanocomposites targeted to conservative regions of (−)RNA and (+)RNA of influenza A virus in cell culture

• Asya S. Levina,
• Marina N. Repkova,
• Elena V. Bessudnova,
• Ekaterina I. Filippova,
• Natalia A. Mazurkova and
• Valentina F. Zarytova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1166–1173, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.108

• for their antiviral activity in MDCK cells infected with the H1N1, H5N1, and H3N2 virus subtypes. Within the negative strand of each of the studied strains, the efficiency of DNA fragments increased in the direction of its 3’-end. Thus, the DNA fragment aimed at the 3’-noncoding region of (−)RNA was

•  1) of different IAV subtypes. The inhibiting effect of the chosen DNA fragments on the virus reproduction was examined in MDCK cells infected with one of three different subtypes of influenza A virus (H1N1, H3N2, and H5N1). The antiviral activity of the nanocomposites was studied in the

• that the use of the proposed TiO2·PL–DNA nanocomposites leads to the more efficient inhibition of the IAV replication as compared to the data of other researchers who used NA-based agents against IAV segment 5 [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Transfection of the IAV-infected MDCK cells with

The effect of surface charge on nonspecific uptake and cytotoxicity of CdSe/ZnS core/shell quantum dots

• Vladimir V. Breus,
• Anna Pietuch,
• Marco Tarantola,
• Thomas Basché and
• Andreas Janshoff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 281–292, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.26

• interior during the first 6 h after addition of QDs. For longer exposure times, the cell interior close to the nucleus displays more particles (Figure 3c). In order to elucidate the mechanism of QD internalization by MDCKII cells, we studied nonspecific interactions between QDs and inhibitor-treated MDCK

Mechanical properties of MDCK II cells exposed to gold nanorods

• Anna Pietuch,
• Bastian Rouven Brückner,
• David Schneider,
• Marco Tarantola,
• Christina Rosman,
• Carsten Sönnichsen and
• Andreas Janshoff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 223–231, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.21

• the cellular response to external stimuli. Results: Mechanical properties of confluent MDCK II cells exposed to gold nanorods as a function of surface functionalization and concentration have been explored by atomic force microscopy and quartz crystal microbalance measurements in combination with

• CTAB coated rods suggesting an increase in acoustic load corresponding to a larger stiffness (storage modulus). Keywords: atomic force microscopy; CTAB; gold nanorods; membrane tension; MDCK II cells; QCM; Introduction The interest in gold nanoparticles (NP) for biomedical applications in the field

• the elasticity of the epithelial cell line MDCK II probed by AFM and QCM. The combination of these two techniques allows to monitor the influence of nanoparticles on the elastic properties of MDCK II cells both from the apical and basal side. The data permits to compare mechanics of cells exposed to

Caveolin-1 and CDC42 mediated endocytosis of silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticles in HeLa cells

• Nils Bohmer and
• Andreas Jordan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 167–176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.16

• compared to the control cells (Figure 5, Figure 6). This points to a possible compensatory upregulation of other endocytotic mechanisms, as it was shown for HeLa cells [41] as well as for MDCK and HeLa cells incubated with PEG-PLA nanoparticles [37][42]. Involvement of Caveolin-1, Flotillin-1, Clathrin and

Increasing throughput of AFM-based single cell adhesion measurements through multisubstrate surfaces

• Miao Yu,
• Nico Strohmeyer,
• Jinghe Wang,
• Daniel J. Müller and
• Jonne Helenius

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 157–166, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.15

• limitation, segmented polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) masks were developed, allowing the measurement of cell adhesion to multiple substrates. To verify the utility of the masks, the adhesion of four different cell lines, HeLa (Kyoto), prostate cancer (PC), mouse kidney fibroblast and MDCK, to three extracellular

• allowed for experiments that previously were not feasible. Since the masks are economical and versatile, they can aid in the improvement of various assays. Keywords: atomic force microscopy; cell adhesion; collagen I; fibroblasts; fibronectin; HeLa; laminin; MDCK; PC3; single cell assay; single cell

• containing αv-subunits [27], Jurkat T cells to the vascular cell adhesion molecule VCAM-1 via α4β1-integrins [28], and the contribution of galectins to the overall cell adhesion of MDCK cells to collagens [29]. In addition to studying the adhesion of cells to a substrate, the regulation of one CAM by another

Mammalian cell growth on gold nanoparticle-decorated substrates is influenced by the nanoparticle coating

• Christina Rosman,
• Sebastien Pierrat,
• Marco Tarantola,
• David Schneider,
• Eva Sunnick,
• Andreas Janshoff and
• Carsten Sönnichsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2479–2488, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.257

• special functionality), this study is focused on the impact of basolateral exposure of gold nanoparticles on epithelial cells. Here, epithelial cells were exposed to nanoparticles adsorbed onto a surface. Since MDCK II cells exhibit caveolae only basolaterally, it is conceivable that internalization is

• apical application of the same functionalized nanoparticles are presented elsewhere [18][19][20]. Results System We investigate the growth of mammalian epithelial kidney (MDCK II) cells seeded on glass substrates decorated with gold nanorods (38 × 17 nm, Supporting Information of [20]) and compare the

• obtained from gel electrophoresis for PEG particles can be found in the Supporting Information of [20]. Live cell imaging In order to investigate how single MDCK II cells adhere and grow on nanoparticle-decorated substrates, live cell imaging using optical dark field microscopy was performed. For