Pulsed laser in liquid grafting of gold nanoparticle–carbon support composites

• Madeleine K. Wilsey,
• Teona Taseska,
• Qishen Lyu,
• Connor P. Cox and
• Astrid M. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 349–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.26

• the reported specific surface area of the carbon fiber paper used here [24]. Pulsed laser grafting produced integrated gold nanoparticle–carbon fiber paper composites (Figure 2B), using aqueous 1.0 M HAuCl4 solution, hydrophilic carbon fiber paper, and unfocused Nd:YAG laser irradiation with 10 Hz, 8

• . The solution was stirred at 750 rpm. Dissolved reactant concentrations in the range from micromoles to a few moles have been used in pulsed laser in liquids synthesis [1]. An unfocused 532 nm, 8 ns pulsed laser beam from a 10 Hz Nd:YAG laser (Spectra-Physics Quanta-Ray LAB-190) with a pulse energy of

Graphene oxide–chloroquine conjugate induces DNA damage in A549 lung cancer cells through autophagy modulation

• Braham Dutt Arya,
• Sandeep Mittal,
• Prachi Joshi,
• Alok Kumar Pandey,
• Jaime E. Ramirez-Vick,
• Govind Gupta and
• Surinder P. Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 316–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.24

• -via reflex spectrometer, Tokyo, Japan) with a 514 nm Nd:Yag laser as the excitation source. The optical properties were measured employing a UV–vis spectrophotometer (Cary 5000 UV-VIS-NIR, Agilent, CA, USA) in the 200–800 nm range. The morphology of GO nanosheets was analyzed employing a high

Preferential enrichment and extraction of laser-synthesized nanoparticles in organic phases

• Theo Fromme,
• Maximilian L. Spiekermann,
• Florian Lehmann,
• Stephan Barcikowski,
• Thomas Seidensticker and
• Sven Reichenberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 254–263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.20

• Nanoparticles are generated by ablating the target material (10 × 10 × 1 mm) immersed in the organic solvent using a Nd:YAG-laser (RSM 100D, ROFIN-SINAR Laser GmbH) working with a pulse duration of 35 ns, a wavelength of 1064 nm, a repetition rate of 5 kHz and pulse energy of 5.4 mJ. LAL was performed in a 30

Fabrication of hafnium-based nanoparticles and nanostructures using picosecond laser ablation

• Abhishek Das,
• Mangababu Akkanaboina,
• Jagannath Rathod,
• R. Sai Prasad Goud,
• Kanaka Ravi Kumar,
• Raghu C. Reddy,
• Ratheesh Ravendran,
• Katia Vutova,
• S. V. S. Nageswara Rao and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1639–1653, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.129

• picosecond laser [Nd:YAG, M/s EKSPLA] with a pulse duration of ≈30 ps, a repetition rate of ≈10 Hz, a wavelength of ≈1064 nm, and a pulse energy of ≈16.3 mJ (determined from previous experiments [33] and optimised using multiple ablation trials followed by detailed characterization studies) was used for the

A biomimetic approach towards a universal slippery liquid infused surface coating

• Ryan A. Faase,
• Madeleine H. Hummel,
• AnneMarie V. Hasbrook,
• Andrew P. Carpenter and
• Joe E. Baio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1376–1389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.111

• processing and analysis of the collected scans included a lowpass filter and took place in the “NanoScope analysis” software. Sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy The SFG setup used an EKSLPA Nd:YAG laser operated at 50 Hz to generate a fixed visible (532 nm−1) and tunable infrared beam (1000

Electrical and optical enhancement of ITO/Mo bilayer thin films via laser annealing

• Abdelbaki Hacini,
• Ahmad Hadi Ali,
• Nurul Nadia Adnan and
• Nafarizal Nayan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1589–1595, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.133

• Microelectronic and Nanotechnology Shamsuddin Research Centre (MiNT-SRC), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia 10.3762/bjnano.13.133 Abstract ITO/Mo bilayer thin films were sputtered on n-type silicon and glass substrates and annealed with a Nd:YAG pulsed laser. The

• 17.6 × 10−3 Ω−1 of the the annealed structure. The results indicate that the laser annealing could improve the efficiency of the transparent conductive layer, which can be potentially applied in optoelectronic devices. Keywords: indium tin oxide (ITO); laser annealing; molybdenum (Mo); Nd:YAG

• plasma cleaner. In the IM structure, the thickness of ITO was 125 nm while the thickness of Mo was 10 nm. The thickness was controlled by two quartz crystal balances integrated within the chamber. After deposition, the bilayer thin film was treated using a Nd:YAG pulsed laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm

Properties of graphene deposited on GaN nanowires: influence of nanowire roughness, self-induced nanogating and defects

• Jakub Kierdaszuk,
• Piotr Kaźmierczak,
• Justyna Grzonka,
• Aleksandra Krajewska,
• Aleksandra Przewłoka,
• Wawrzyniec Kaszub,
• Zbigniew R. Zytkiewicz,
• Marta Sobanska,
• Maria Kamińska,
• Andrzej Wysmołek and
• Aneta Drabińska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 566–577, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.47

• spectra were collected by using a T64000 Horiba Jobin-Yvon spectrometer with a Nd:YAG laser operating at 532 nm wavelength as the excitation source, and with an objective with a magnification of 100× that allowed to obtain a spatial resolution of approx. 300 nm. The laser power was reduced to 3 mW in

Solution combustion synthesis of a nanometer-scale Co₃O₄ anode material for Li-ion batteries

• Monika Michalska,
• Huajun Xu,
• Qingmin Shan,
• Shiqiang Zhang,
• Yohan Dall'Agnese,
• Yu Gao,
• Amrita Jain and
• Marcin Krajewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 424–431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.34

• were carried out using a confocal Raman spectrometer (Renishaw inVia) equipped with a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera and a continuous-wave diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser working at λRS = 532 nm. The Raman spectrum was collected at room temperature in air with acquisition time of 90 s, power of 0.5 mW

High-responsivity hybrid α-Ag₂S/Si photodetector prepared by pulsed laser ablation in liquid

• Raid A. Ismail,
• Hanan A. Rawdhan and
• Duha S. Ahmed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1596–1607, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.142

• -distilled water (DDW) and then mixed with 0.18 g of CTAB dissolved in 10 mL of DDW. The laser used here was a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser operating at λ = 1064 nm, 7 ns pulse width, and 2 Hz pulse repetition frequency. A high-purity silver (99.9%) pellet with a thickness of 10 mm and a diameter of 20 mm was

Highly sensitive detection of estradiol by a SERS sensor based on TiO₂ covered with gold nanoparticles

• Andrea Brognara,
• Ili F. Mohamad Ali Nasri,
• Beatrice R. Bricchi,
• Andrea Li Bassi,
• Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay,
• Matteo Ghidelli and
• Nathalie Lidgi-Guigui

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1026–1035, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.87

• formation of NPs. A TiO2 (99.9%) target was ablated using a Nd:YAG laser (λ = 532 nm) with a pulse duration of 5–7 ns and 10 Hz repetition rate. The laser fluence on the target is 3.5 J·cm−2 and the pulse energy is 200 mJ. Film synthesis was carried out at room temperature in oxygen atmosphere, using both

The effect of heat treatment on the morphology and mobility of Au nanoparticles

• Sven Oras,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Simon Vigonski,
• Boris Polyakov,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Vahur Zadin,
• Rünno Lõhmus and
• Karine Mougin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 61–67, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.6

• transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Characterization The morphology of the NPs annealed at different temperatures was studied by TEM (ARM200, JEOL). A null ellipsometer (Multiskop, Optrel, Germany) equipped with a 532 nm Nd:YAG laser was used for measuring the thickness of the SiO2 layers. AFM setup The

The role of Ag⁺, Ca²⁺, Pb²⁺ and Al³⁺ adions in the SERS turn-on effect of anionic analytes

• Stefania D. Iancu,
• Andrei Stefancu,
• Vlad Moisoiu,
• Loredana F. Leopold and
• Nicolae Leopold

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2338–2345, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.224

• (NO3)2, Pb(NO3)2 and Al2(SO4)3. However, similar results were obtained by activating the colloids before or after addition of the analyte. SERS spectra of the organic acids at a concentration of 50 µM were acquired with a Renishaw InVia Raman spectrometer equipped with a Nd:YAG frequency-doubled laser

Tailoring the stability/aggregation of one-dimensional TiO₂(B)/titanate nanowires using surfactants

• Atiđa Selmani,
• Johannes Lützenkirchen,
• Kristina Kučanda,
• Dario Dabić,
• Engelbert Redel,
• Ida Delač Marion,
• Damir Kralj,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin and
• Maja Dutour Sikirić

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1024–1037, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.103

• Elmer FT-IR C89391 instrument at room temperature in the wavenumber range 4000–400 cm−1. The resolution of the FTIR spectrophotometer was 2 cm−1. Raman spectra were recorded on an EQUINOX 55 device equipped with an Nd:YAG laser (λ = 1064 nm) at room temperature applying a laser power of 100 mW. The

Correlation of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) with the surface density of gold nanoparticles: evaluation of the critical number of SERS tags for a detectable signal

• Vincenzo Amendola

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1016–1023, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.102

• sensitivity. Experimental Synthesis of Au nanotags AuNPs with an average diameter of 10 ± 5 nm and log-normal size distribution (see Figure S1 in Supporting Information File 1) were obtained by LASiS using an Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm, 9 ns, 50 Hz) focused to 8 J/cm2 with a 10 cm focus lens on a 99.9% pure gold

Widening of the electroactivity potential range by composite formation – capacitive properties of TiO₂/BiVO₄/PEDOT:PSS electrodes in contact with an aqueous electrolyte

• Konrad Trzciński,
• Mariusz Szkoda,
• Andrzej P. Nowak,
• Marcin Łapiński and
• Anna Lisowska-Oleksiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 483–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.49

• annealing) or titanium foil. The bismuth vanadate films were deposited for 20 min and the PLD process was carried out using a Nd:YAG laser equipped with a fourth harmonic generation (FHG) module, generating 266 nm 6 ns pulses with 4 Hz repetition. Assuming that the obtained layer is flat and continuous, its

Controlling surface morphology and sensitivity of granular and porous silver films for surface-enhanced Raman scattering, SERS

• Sherif Okeil and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2813–2831, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.263

• s with a laser power of 2.0 mW was used. For Raman mapping as well as single scans another Raman setup (Alpha300 R micro-Raman, WITec, Germany) with a Nd:YAG 532 nm laser was used. The samples were exposed to the laser with a power of 1.0 mW through a 50× microscope objective (NA = 0.80) resulting

SERS active Ag–SiO₂ nanoparticles obtained by laser ablation of silver in colloidal silica

• Cristina Gellini,
• Francesco Muniz-Miranda,
• Alfonso Pedone and
• Maurizio Muniz-Miranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2396–2404, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.224

• , Ludox TM-40, pH ≈9 at 25 °C, NaCl content: 0.03 wt %) was diluted with distilled water in order to have a sample with 10 wt % as SiO2 content. Laser ablation of silver in colloidal silica was performed with the fundamental wavelength of a Q-switched Nd:YAG ns-pulsed laser (Quanta System G90-10: rep

• power meter (model 362; Scientech, Boulder, CO, USA) giving ≈5% accuracy in the 300–1000 nm spectral range. FT-SERS measurements were collected with a Fourier transform Raman spectrometer (Bruker Optics, Model MultiRam), equipped with a broad range quartz beamsplitter, an air-cooled Nd:YAG laser

The role of adatoms in chloride-activated colloidal silver nanoparticles for surface-enhanced Raman scattering enhancement

• Nicolae Leopold,
• Andrei Stefancu,
• Krisztian Herman,
• István Sz. Tódor,
• Stefania D. Iancu,
• Vlad Moisoiu and
• Loredana F. Leopold

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2236–2247, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.208

• , equipped with a Nd:YAG frequency-doubled laser emitting at 532 nm and a laser power of ≈60 mW on the sample. For each measurement, 10 μL of the sample was placed on a microscope slide that was covered with aluminum foil. The laser light was focused on the drop using a 5× objective (NA 0.12). The spectra

Nanoconjugates of a calixresorcinarene derivative with methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) fragments for drug encapsulation

• Alina M. Ermakova,
• Julia E. Morozova,
• Yana V. Shalaeva,
• Victor V. Syakaev,
• Aidar T. Gubaidullin,
• Alexandra D. Voloshina,
• Vladimir V. Zobov,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Olga B. Bazanova,
• Igor S. Antipin and
• Alexander I. Konovalov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2057–2070, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.195

• were reported relative to residual solvent protons as an internal standard. MALDI mass spectra were recorded on an Ultra Flex III TOF/TOF mass spectrometer (Bruker Daltonic, Bremen, Germany) operated in the linear mode. A Nd:YAG laser, λ = 355 nm was used. The data were processed using the FlexAnalysis

Defect formation in multiwalled carbon nanotubes under low-energy He and Ne ion irradiation

• Santhana Eswara,
• Jean-Nicolas Audinot,
• Brahime El Adib,
• Maël Guennou,
• Tom Wirtz and
• Patrick Philipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1951–1963, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.186

• were performed with an inVia Renishaw Reflex Raman Microscope in micro-Raman mode, with an edge filter with spectral cutoff at 80 cm−1 and a 2400 grooves/mm grating for the analysis of the scattered light. A frequency doubled Nd:YAG laser (532 nm) was used as excitation source. The laser beam was

Sheet-on-belt branched TiO₂(B)/rGO powders with enhanced photocatalytic activity

• Huan Xing,
• Wei Wen and
• Jin-Ming Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1550–1557, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.146

• collected using a Rigaku D/max-3B diffractometer with Cu Kα radiation (λ = 0.154056 nm), operated at 40 kV, 40 mA. The Raman spectra in the range 2000–100 cm−1 were obtained using an Almega dispersive Raman system (Nicolet) and a Nd:YAG intracavity doubled laser operating at 532 nm with an incident power of

Room-temperature single-photon emitters in titanium dioxide optical defects

• Kelvin Chung,
• Yu H. Leung,
• Chap H. To,
• Aleksandra B. Djurišić and
• Snjezana Tomljenovic-Hanic

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1085–1094, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.100

• section “Results and Discussion”, it is preferable to obtain a clear indication of deposited nanopowder on the substrate. Confocal microscopy Figure 1 is a schematic of the scanning confocal microscope used to investigate the TiO2 defects. The samples were illuminated by a frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser

Electro-optical interfacial effects on a graphene/π-conjugated organic semiconductor hybrid system

• Karolline A. S. Araujo,
• Luiz A. Cury,
• Matheus J. S. Matos,
• Thales F. D. Fernandes,
• Luiz G. Cançado and
• Bernardo R. A. Neves

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 963–974, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.90

• system were done at different temperatures using a liquid He immersion cryostat and temperature controller. The sample excitation was performed using a 355 nm line from a pulsed Nd:YAG laser and the PL detection was made by an Andor spectrometer. Ab initio calculations First-principles calculations were

Temperature-tunable lasing from dye-doped chiral microdroplets encapsulated in a thin polymeric film

• Gia Petriashvili,
• Mauro Daniel Luigi Bruno,
• Maria Penelope De Santo and
• Riccardo Barberi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 379–383, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.37

• these microstructures, the emulsion is confined in a cuvette and pumped with the second harmonic of a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (Continuum Surelite II). The pulse wavelength, width and repetition rate are 532 nm, 4 ns and 5 Hz, respectively. The pulse energy density is 6 mJ/cm2. The cuvette is placed on a

• visible. Laser emission as a function of temperature is studied confining the film inside the heating stage. The thin film is optically pumped using the second harmonic of a Nd:YAG laser and the emitted laser spectrum is recorded (Figure 6). The optical fiber that collects the laser emission is placed off

• wavelength, measurements acquired at 28 °C (black solid line), at 40 °C (red dashed line) and at 46 °C (green dashed line), respectively. Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank Prof. Gabriella Cipparrone and Dr. Raul Josuè Hernandez for the use of the Nd:YAG laser and Dr. Alfredo Mazzulla for the useful

Growth model and structure evolution of Ag layers deposited on Ge films

• Arkadiusz Ciesielski,
• Lukasz Skowronski,
• Ewa Górecka,
• Jakub Kierdaszuk and
• Tomasz Szoplik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 66–76, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.9

• introduce additional errors originating from different reflection at air/glass and silver/glass interfaces. Raman spectra were recorded using Renishaw invia RE04 spectrometer equipped with an excitation source of Nd:YAG laser operating at 532 nm wavelength. Laser spot of 1.5 μm diameter was obtained by