Laser synthesis of nanoparticles in organic solvents – products, reactions, and perspectives

• Theo Fromme,
• Sven Reichenberger,
• Katharine M. Tibbetts and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 638–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.54

• reductive nature (e.g., hydrogen). Depending on the nature of the organic solvents, a modification of the nanoparticles or the carbon shell is possible, including doping with heteroatoms from the solvent molecules. Jung et al. produced different phases of Ni nanoparticles in hexane and acetone [156], and

Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity in vitro of surface-functionalized drug-loaded spinel ferrite nanoparticles

• Sadaf Mushtaq,
• Khuram Shahzad,
• Tariq Saeed,
• Anwar Ul-Hamid,
• Bilal Haider Abbasi,
• Nafees Ahmad,
• Waqas Khalid,
• Muhammad Atif,
• Zulqurnain Ali and
• Rashda Abbasi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1339–1364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.99

Morphology-driven gas sensing by fabricated fractals: A review

• Vishal Kamathe and
• Rupali Nagar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1187–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.88

• fractal dimension of 1.79. Tungsten oxide-based fractals A very recent study on the sensing of NO2, acetone, and carbon monoxide was reported by Simon and co-workers. They used Ni nanoparticles to decorate a reduced graphene oxide/WO3 nanocomposite [78]. The WO3 sample annealed at 600 °C shows the

Effects of temperature and repeat layer spacing on mechanical properties of graphene/polycrystalline copper nanolaminated composites under shear loading

• Chia-Wei Huang,
• Man-Ping Chang and
• Te-Hua Fang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 863–877, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.65

• nanoplatelets (GNPs) in a copper matrix the in-plane tensile strength was increased by 26% [17]. Li et al. used graphene nanoplatelets decorated with Ni nanoparticles as addition in a Cu matrix. These Ni-GPL/Cu composites exhibited a 42% increase in ultimate tensile strength (UTS) over that of pure Cu, with

Nickel nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide/WO₃ nanocomposite – a promising candidate for gas sensing

• Ilka Simon,
• Alexandr Savitsky,
• Rolf Mülhaupt,
• Vladimir Pankov and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 343–353, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.28

• mg, 0.178 mmol) and rGO (10 mg) were suspended for 2 h in the dried and deoxygenated IL (2 g [BMIm][NTf2]) before microwave decomposition (230 °C, 10 min, 50 W) to obtain a dispersion of 0.5 wt % of Ni nanoparticles on rGO in ionic liquid. Preparation of WO3 nanopowder Tungsten oxide nanopowder was

Microwave-induced electric discharges on metal particles for the synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials under solvent-free conditions

• Vijay Tripathi,
• Harit Kumar,
• Anubhav Agarwal and
• Leela S. Panchakarla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1019–1025, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.86

• with either graphite or graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) yields carbon-coated or nitrogen-doped carbon-coated metallic nanoparticles. When these reactions are conducted in a Teflon reactor, the products are further functionalized with fluorine. Figure 3a shows XRD patterns of Cu and Ni nanoparticles

• carbon with an average size of 80 nm. The C–F bonds at the surface of the metallic nanoparticles could be further functionalized for different applications such as drug delivery [19]. A SEM image of Ni nanoparticles is shown in Figure S2 in Supporting Information File 1. Figure S3 in Supporting

• (Supporting Information File 1) confirms the single-crystalline nature of ZnF2. Similarly, microwave treatment of Ni in the presence of sulfur in a Teflon beaker yielded NiF2 nanorods along with Ni nanoparticles (Figure S5 and Figure S7, Supporting Information File 1). It is important to note that a similar

Nickel nanoparticles supported on a covalent triazine framework as electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reactions

• Secil Öztürk,
• Yu-Xuan Xiao,
• Dennis Dietrich,
• Beatriz Giesen,
• Juri Barthel,
• Jie Ying,
• Xiao-Yu Yang and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 770–781, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.62

• characterization of Ni/CTF For the synthesis of Ni nanoparticles (NPs) on the CTFs, the precursors bis(cycloocta-1,5-diene)nickel(0) (Ni(COD)2) and CTF were suspended in [BMIm][NTf2] by stirring under inert conditions for 12 h. The homogenized suspension was irradiated with microwaves and yielded Ni NPs

• % Ni/CTF-1. This means that only a small part of the Ni NPs remains in the IL dispersion and supports the suggested role of nitrogen atoms in the CTFs as anchor points for the Ni NPs. The obtained nickel loadings on CTF-1 are similar to what has been reported for Ni nanoparticles encased in graphitic

• crystallographic open database (CrOD) files. TEM images of Ni/CTF-1-600-22 showing (a) Ni nanoparticles supported on CTF, (b,c) the aggregation of the primary Ni nanoparticles and (d) the lattice planes of the Ni nanoparticles. SEM images and EDX elemental mappings of Ni for (a) Ni/CTF-1-400-20, (b) Ni/CTF1-400-35

Synthesis of nickel/gallium nanoalloys using a dual-source approach in 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazole ionic liquids

• Ilka Simon,
• Julius Hornung,
• Juri Barthel,
• Jörg Thomas,
• Maik Finze,
• Roland A. Fischer and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1754–1767, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.171

• The synthesis of Ni nanoparticles is well known and is most commonly carried out in organic solvents using reducing agents [1], thermal decomposition [2] or reductive hydrogenation [3]. Applications for Ni nanoparticles are Wittig-type olefination [4], Suzuki cross-coupling [5] and catalytic

• hydrogenation reactions [6]. The catalytic activity of Ni nanoparticles can be used in hydrogenation reactions of alkenes [7], styrene [8], and quinoline [9]. Semihydrogenation reactions of alkynes lead to overhydrogenation [10] or polymerization in the case of acetylene to form oligomers [11]. One can

• distinguish between the more stable face-centered cubic (fcc) [12] and the less stable hexagonal close-packed (hcp) [13] Ni phase. The magnetic properties of fcc Ni nanoparticles are similar to the bulk material with saturation magnetization values of 50 emu/gNi at 300 K [14]. Hcp Ni nanoparticles show very

Alloyed Pt₃M (M = Co, Ni) nanoparticles supported on S- and N-doped carbon nanotubes for the oxygen reduction reaction

• Stéphane Louisia,
• Yohann R. J. Thomas,
• Pierre Lecante,
• Marie Heitzmann,
• M. Rosa Axet,
• Pierre-André Jacques and
• Philippe Serp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1251–1269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.125

Atomistic modeling of tribological properties of Pd and Al nanoparticles on a graphene surface

• Alexei Khomenko,
• Miroslav Zakharov,
• Denis Boyko and
• Bo N. J. Persson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1239–1246, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.115

• area of Ni nanoparticles changes from 0.2 nN to 0.45 nN and from 0.1 nN to 0.2 nN for Ag, with contact area A from 20 nm2 to 60 nm2 for Ni and from 30 nm2 to 80 nm2 for Ag. The shear stress depending on the contact area of Ag nanoparticles varies from 40 MPa to 90 MPa and from 50 MPa to 140 MPa for Ni

Understanding the performance and mechanism of Mg-containing oxides as support catalysts in the thermal dry reforming of methane

• Nor Fazila Khairudin,
• Mohd Farid Fahmi Sukri,
• Mehrnoush Khavarian and
• Abdul Rahman Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1162–1183, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.108

• 53.25 m2/g. Ni nanoparticles with a diameter of 21.4 nm were dispersed on the support. For the catalyst performance, at a reaction temperature range of 750 °C to 800 °C was used and CO2 conversion and H2/CO ratios almost achieved thermodynamic equilibrium. At the reaction temperature range of 500 °C to

Investigation of growth dynamics of carbon nanotubes

• Marianna V. Kharlamova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 826–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.85

• hydrocarbons on metallic and carbidic nanoparticles at temperatures up to 650 °C demonstrated that the particles remained crystalline during the growth process, although their shape was modified [41][59][60][61][62]. In particular, it was shown that crystalline Ni nanoparticles with a size down to ≈4–5 nm

• HRTEM was employed for the investigation of the nanotube growth and was shown to be a powerful technique for revealing the growth mechanism. The authors of [59] used environmental HRTEM to study the base-growth of SWCNTs from the acetylene decomposition on Ni nanoparticles with SiOx substrate at 615 °C

Microwave synthesis of high-quality and uniform 4 nm ZnFe₂O₄ nanocrystals for application in energy storage and nanomagnetics

• Christian Suchomski,
• Ben Breitung,
• Ralf Witte,
• Michael Knapp,
• Sondes Bauer,
• Tilo Baumbach,
• Christian Reitz and
• Torsten Brezesinski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1350–1360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.126

• diameter MFe2O4 (M = Fe, Co, Mn, Ni) nanoparticles has been achieved by microwave-assisted nonaqueous sol–gel synthesis using benzyl alcohol as a high-boiling solvent [22][23]. Inspired by this work, we show here that high-quality and size-monodisperse zinc ferrite (referred to as ZFO in the following

Case studies on the formation of chalcogenide self-assembled monolayers on surfaces and dissociative processes

• Yongfeng Tong,
• Tingming Jiang,
• Azzedine Bendounan,
• Makri Nimbegondi Kotresh Harish,
• Angelo Giglia,
• Stefan Kubsky,
• Fausto Sirotti,
• Luca Pasquali,
• Srinivasan Sampath and
• Vladimir A. Esaulov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 263–277, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.24

• interaction with Ni(111). We looked at Ni, since amongst other uses it can be employed as an electrode material. Additionally, Ni nanoparticles [93][94][95][96][97] are an example of magnetic nanoparticles [95] that are useful as catalysts [96], in magnetic fluids, as well as for binding and even magnetic

Self-assembly mechanism of Ni nanowires prepared with an external magnetic field

• Xiaoyu Li,
• Hu Wang,
• Kenan Xie,
• Qin Long,
• Xuefei Lai and
• Li Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2123–2128, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.217

• magnetic field. Keywords: chemical reduction; external magnetic field; Ni nanoparticles; Ni nanowires; self-assembly mechanism; Introduction For the past decades, ferromagnetic (e.g., Fe, Co, Ni) nanowires have raised considerable attention due to their application prospects in magnetic, optoelectronic

• divided into three stages. Firstly, small Ni nanoparticles are generated in the reaction solution by the initiation reaction of NaBH4, regardless of the presence of the external magnetic field. Then, these nanoparticles become larger and larger as the reduction reaction of N2H4 proceeds. These steps

• the dipole magnetic moment of a nanoparticle is proportional to its volume [31]. Similarly, the interaction between the nanoparticle and the external magnetic field is also negligible, thus the motion of Ni nanoparticles cannot be influenced by the external magnetic field. As the reaction proceeds

Two-phase equilibrium states in individual Cu–Ni nanoparticles: size, depletion and hysteresis effects

• Aram S. Shirinyan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1811–1820, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.185

• for individual Cu–Ni nanoparticles) providing new insights into first-order phase transition problem for nanosystems and basic concepts of phase diagram and solubility diagram in materials science. The structure of the paper is as follows. First we give in brief the general thermodynamic approach

• Although the theory is developed in general, we refer to Cu–Ni nanoparticles to highlight major consequences. All thermodynamic values for the Cu–Ni system were taken from the relevant literature [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] and given in the Appendix A. Our calculations

• solid–liquid transformation based on the results for Cu–Ni nanoparticles. Hereby the forth and back phase transition symmetry violation is shown as well by the intersection of nanosolidus and nanoliquidus curves and regions (1) and (3) near small and large compositions. The increasing of the sizes leads

Pt- and Pd-decorated MWCNTs for vapour and gas detection at room temperature

• Hamdi Baccar,
• Atef Thamri,
• Pierrick Clément,
• Eduard Llobet and
• Adnane Abdelghani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 919–927, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.95

• multiwalled carbon nanotubes decorated with Au, Pd or Ni nanoparticles (formed by evaporation of metals) and also with Rh or Pt nanoparticles (from a colloidal solution) for detecting benzene, nitrogen dioxide and hydrogen sulphide [34][35][36]. Although the detection could be performed at room temperature

Current state of laser synthesis of metal and alloy nanoparticles as ligand-free reference materials for nano-toxicological assays

• Christoph Rehbock,
• Jurij Jakobi,
• Lisa Gamrad,
• Selina van der Meer,
• Daniela Tiedemann,
• Ulrike Taylor,
• Wilfried Kues,
• Detlef Rath and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1523–1541, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.165

• laser ablation in liquid has been described in the literature [115][120] and these nanoparticles were frequently adsorbed to implant surfaces as nanocoatings [121]. Even though Ni nanoparticles, and particularly the Ni2+ ions which they release, are known to have an immunogenic effect [122] and are

An ultrasonic technology for production of antibacterial nanomaterials and their coating on textiles

• Anna V. Abramova,
• Vladimir O. Abramov,
• Aharon Gedanken,
• Ilana Perelshtein and
• Vadim M. Bayazitov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 532–536, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.62

• ] demonstrated this deposition technique for the first time by coating submicron silica spheres with Ni nanoparticles. Using this technique antibacterial ZnO or other metallic oxide NPs can be embedded into the textile. The nanoparticles can be produced in a sonochemical reaction described elsewhere [2][3], but