Enhancing the therapeutical potential of metalloantibiotics using nano-based delivery systems

• Alejandro Llamedo,
• Marina Cano,
• Raquel G. Soengas and
• Francisco J. García-Alonso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1350–1366, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.98

• into SLNs resulted in sustained release of complex 8 over a 96-hour period. Additionally, the antibacterial activity was significantly improved, with a twofold increase against P. aeruginosa and a fourfold increase against S. aureus. These findings suggest that Ag-FSE-loaded SLNs hold promise for the

• formulation of topical antibacterials agent for treating bacterial infections. Finally, the clotrimazole silver complex 9 (Figure 3) was encapsulated in SLNs aiming at improving the activity against methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant S. aureus [108]. Due to the ability of these nanoparticles to

• S. aureus, E. faecium, E. faecalis, and M. tuberculosis. In order to achieve a sustained release of auranofin to the infection site and improve the treatment efficacy, Díez-Martínez et al. investigated the encapsulation of this Au(I) complex in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles and

Functional bio-packaging enhanced with nanocellulose from rice straw and cinnamon essential oil Pickering emulsion for fruit preservation

• Tuyen B. Ly,
• Duong D. T. Nguyen,
• Hieu D. Nguyen,
• Yen T. H. Nguyen,
• Bup T. A. Bui,
• Kien A. Le and
• Phung K. Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1234–1245, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.91

• cinnamaldehyde and other phenolic compounds in CEO, which act as natural UV absorbers [50]. The antimicrobial properties of the biopackaging were assessed by a time-kill assay against E. coli and S. aureus after 24 h of exposure (Figure 4c,e). rBP exhibited slight inhibitions of E. coli and S. aureus (<20

• the sample. (a) DPPH scavenging activity, (b) UV–vis transmittance, and (d) opacity at different PE-CEO concentrations (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%(v/w)). (c) Counted colonies and (e) inhibition rate from time-kill analysis using rCBP samples at 10% (v/w) PE-CEO after 24 h against E. coli and S. aureus

Supramolecular hydration structure of graphene-based hydrogels: density functional theory, green chemistry and interface application

• Hon Nhien Le,
• Duy Khanh Nguyen,
• Minh Triet Dang,
• Huyen Trinh Nguyen,
• Thi Bang Tam Dao,
• Trung Do Nguyen,
• Chi Nhan Ha Thuc and
• Van Hieu Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 806–822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.61

• antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus (the positive control was the antibiotic penicillin). Inhibition zone assays were used to evaluate antibiofilm properties of uncoated and coated plastic films [14][25]. Coating stability of plastic films in an environment simulating aqueous food was tested

•  9). The photographic results showed inhibition zones against E. coli (Figure 9a) and S. aureus (Figure 9b). The inhibition zones resulted from the diffusion of ZH nanoparticles and Zn2+ cations from the hydrogel to the surrounding agar. As the GO-SG-ZH hydrogel is antibacterial, the brush coating of

• ) Micrographs of morphology and structure of GO-SG-ZH coating on a PLA film. (d, e, f) SEM images of GO-SG-ZH coating on a PLA film. Agar well diffusion assay of the GO-SG-ZH hydrogel presents antibacterial activities of the GO-SG-ZH hydrogel against E. coli (a) and S. aureus (b). Antibacterial test of uncoated

A formulation containing Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oil: improvement of biochemical parameters and oxidative stress in diabetic rats

• Ailton Santos Sena-Júnior,
• Cleverton Nascimento Santana Andrade,
• Pedro Henrique Macedo Moura,
• Jocsã Hémany Cândido dos Santos,
• Cauãn Torres Trancoso,
• Eloia Emanuelly Dias Silva,
• Deise Maria Rego Rodrigues Silva,
• Ênio Pereira Telles,
• Luiz André Santos Silva,
• Isabella Lima Dantas Teles,
• Sara Fernanda Mota de Almeida,
• Daniel Alves de Souza,
• Jileno Ferreira Santos,
• Felipe José Aidar Martins,
• Ana Mara de Oliveira e Silva,
• Sandra Lauton-Santos,
• Guilherme Rodolfo Souza de Araujo,
• Cristiane Bani Correa,
• Rogéria De Souza Nunes,
• Lysandro Pinto Borges and
• Ana Amélia Moreira Lira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 617–636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.48

• study, room temperature was used, which may also explain why the antioxidant action was maintained. EOCF, on E. coli and S. Aureus bacteria, showed antioxidant activity and control in pathogenic species resistant to oxidative stress. The authors also emphasized that EOCF acted as a potent attenuator of

Polyurethane/silk fibroin-based electrospun membranes for wound healing and skin substitute applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Ahsan Nazir and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 591–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.46

Fabrication and evaluation of BerNPs regarding the growth and development of Streptococcus mutans

• Tuyen Huu Nguyen,
• Hong Thanh Pham,
• Kieu Kim Thanh Nguyen,
• Loan Hong Ngo,
• Anh Ngoc Tuan Mai,
• Thu Hoang Anh Lam,
• Ngan Thi Kim Phan,
• Dung Tien Pham,
• Duong Thuy Hoang,
• Thuc Dong Nguyen and
• Lien Thi Xuan Truong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 308–315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.23

• inhibitory activity against pathogenic bacteria have been reported. In 2022, Nguyen et al. fabricated berberine nanoparticles (BerNPs) by antisolvent precipitation (ASP) using glycerol as a safe organic solvent and evaluated their antibacterial activity on S. aureus and E. coli O157:H7 [12]. Additionally

Characterization of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GP258

• Prashantkumar Siddappa Chakra,
• Aishwarya Banakar,
• Shriram Narayan Puranik,
• Vishwas Kaveeshwar,
• C. R. Ravikumar and
• Devaraja Gayathri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 78–89, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.8

• , demonstrating inhibition against E. coli, C. perfringens, C. difficile, and Salmonella enterica serovar typhi. Similarly, Mohd Yusof et al. [23] observed antibacterial effects of ZnO NPs on pathogenic bacteria, underscoring their potential for combating bacterial infections. It is noteworthy that S. aureus has

• revealed strong antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Inhibitory zones around the nanoparticles for S. aureus were 23.1 mm, and for E. coli 17.0 mm. These results indicate that this biogenic synthesis route may yield particles with antibacterial activity against all

• NPs can release Zn2+ ions, which interact with bacterial enzymes and proteins, further compromising cellular functions. The small size and high surface area of the nanoparticles enhance their interaction with bacterial cells, improving antibacterial efficacy. Significant inhibitory effects against S

Interface properties of nanostructured carbon-coated biological implants: an overview

• Mattia Bartoli,
• Francesca Cardano,
• Erik Piatti,
• Stefania Lettieri,
• Andrea Fin and
• Alberto Tagliaferro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1041–1053, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.85

• [110][111]. Romo-Rico et al. [112] used PVD to coat a medical-grade cobalt–chromium alloy with high-grade graphene. The authors reported an appreciable antibacterial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa; also, adhesion was prevented. This study proved that the balance between surface polarity

• bactericidal effects. The authors also proved the cytocompatibility of the bactericidal coatings. GO showed similar results on titanium surfaces as reported by Yang et al. [115], reporting antibacterial activity of over 99% against both E. coli or S. aureus when a small doping with copper was applied. The

• interferes with microbial film formation [121]. As reported by Rifai et al. [122], ND coatings can be easily applied to titanium surfaces, creating a hydrophilic surface to reduce the adhesion of S. aureus. Despite the lowered adhesivity, pristine NDs do not show any significant antibacterial activity. In

Electrospun polysuccinimide scaffolds containing different salts as potential wound dressing material

• Veronika Pálos,
• Krisztina S. Nagy,
• Rita Pázmány,
• Krisztina Juriga-Tóth,
• Bálint Budavári,
• Judit Domokos,
• Dóra Szabó,
• Ákos Zsembery and
• Angela Jedlovszky-Hajdu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 781–796, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.65

• active protection. Only a few studies have demonstrated the antibacterial effects of zinc against S. mutans [64] and of strontium against S. aureus and E. coli [65]. Our work determined the inhibition and diffuse zones of four bacterial strains (E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. epidermidis, and B. subtilis

• (chitosan–silicone hybrid) fibers were made with zinc additives. They found that the scaffold had antibacterial activity against S. aureus, B. subtillis, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa bacterial strains [71]. Colinas et al. examined Zn-based coordination polymers in broth dilution and agar diffusion tests, and

New application of bimetallic Ag/Pt nanoplates in a colorimetric biosensor for specific detection of E. coli in water

• Azam Bagheri Pebdeni,
• Mohammad N. AL-Baiati and
• Morteza Hosseini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 95–103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.9

• circular Ag-Pt NPLs were obtained after 70 min. Bacterial culture In a similar manner to what has been show in reference [5], Gram-positive and negative strains of pathogenic bacteria such as, S. aureus (ATCC 29213), E. coli (ATCC 35218), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 10145), Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC

Fluorescent bioinspired albumin/polydopamine nanoparticles and their interactions with Escherichia coli cells

• Eloïse Equy,
• Jordana Hirtzel,
• Sophie Hellé,
• Béatrice Heurtault,
• Eric Mathieu,
• Morgane Rabineau,
• Vincent Ball and
• Lydie Ploux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1208–1224, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.100

• them. The possible harmful impact on bacterial growth was therefore tested with E. coli and S. aureus. However, we showed that BSA/PDA NPs in concentrations corresponding to more than 107 NPs per bacterial cell (0.2–2.0 mg/mL; 4 × 1013 to 4 × 1014 NPs/mL) were unable to significantly modify the growth

• of pristine and fluorescent BSA/PDA NPs. This effect, which is not elucidated so far, was also observed regarding the growth of S. aureus populations (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S9). Especially the absence of E. coli growth inhibition by RhBITC-BSA/PDA NPs allows us to envisage the use of

• measurements, Ox-BSA/PDA NPs and DAPI solutions were both made using Milli-Q® water. Bacteriology Bacterial species, strains, media, and culture conditions Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) species were used for antibacterial testing: E. coli K-12

Silver nanoparticles loaded on lactose/alginate: in situ synthesis, catalytic degradation, and pH-dependent antibacterial activity

• Nguyen Thi Thanh Tu,
• T. Lan-Anh Vo,
• T. Thu-Trang Ho,
• Kim-Phuong T. Dang,
• Van-Dung Le,
• Phan Nhat Minh,
• Chi-Hien Dang,
• Vinh-Thien Tran,
• Van-Su Dang,
• Tran Thi Kim Chi,
• Hieu Vu-Quang,
• Radek Fajgar,
• Thi-Lan-Huong Nguyen,
• Van-Dat Doan and
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 781–792, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.64

• microbial strains S. aureus (Gram-positive) and S. typhi (Gram-negative) using the disk diffusion method at different pH values. To establish the bioactivity of the nanocomposite, antibacterial assays were also conducted in media with different pH values without the nanocomposite. These resulted in no

• , with the highest inhibition zone diameters recorded at pH 6 against S. aureus (10.8 ± 0.57 mm) and S. typhi (9.3 ± 1.34 mm). In contrast, the nanocomposite showed no inhibition in highly basic media (pH 11 and 12) because of the aggregation of nanoparticles, which hindered the leaching of silver into

• catalytic degradation of rhodamine B. Antibacterial activity of AgNPs@Lac/Alg tested with various pH (4–12) against S. aureus (A, B and C) and S. typhi (D, E and F) and inhibition zone diameters as functions of the pH value (G). Zeta potential (A) and TEM images of the nanocomposite solutions at pH 4 (B and

Quercetin- and caffeic acid-functionalized chitosan-capped colloidal silver nanoparticles: one-pot synthesis, characterization, and anticancer and antibacterial activities

• Akif Hakan Kurt,
• Elif Berna Olutas,
• Fatma Avcioglu,
• Hamza Karakuş,
• Mehmet Ali Sungur,
• Cansu Kara Oztabag and
• Muhammet Yıldırım

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 362–376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.31

• (P. aeruginosa and E. coli) and Gram-positive (S. aureus and S. epidermidis) bacteria was determined, and dose-dependent antibacterial effects were found. Keywords: Ag NPs; anticancer and antibacterial effects; caffeic acid; chitosan; one-pot synthesis; quercetin; U-118 MG and ARPE-19 cells

• Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) and the Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) bacteria cause various infections [5]. These infections, formerly known as nosocomial infections, are now referred to as healthcare

• strains of S. aureus (ATCC 25923), S. epidermidis (ATCC 12228), P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), and E. coli (ATCC 8739), which are generally opportunistic pathogens, were used in the study. The antibacterial activity of diluted nanoparticle solutions was investigated by the agar disc diffusion method. The

Structural, optical, and bioimaging characterization of carbon quantum dots solvothermally synthesized from o-phenylenediamine

• Zoran M. Marković,
• Milica D. Budimir,
• Martin Danko,
• Dušan D. Milivojević,
• Pavel Kubat,
• Danica Z. Zmejkoski,
• Vladimir B. Pavlović,
• Marija M. Mojsin,
• Milena J. Stevanović and
• Biljana M. Todorović Marković

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 165–174, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.17

• any antibacterial activity against E. coli and B. suptilis. In this study, antibacterial testing of all samples was conducted against two bacterial strains, namely S. aureus and E. coli. The results presented in Table S1 (Supporting Information File 1) showed that CQDs/PU composites prepared from o

• -phenylenediamine did not exhibit any antibacterial activity against E. coli or S. aureus even after treatment under blue light for 360 min. These results agree with the results presented in the sections above. The CQDs did not generate any type of ROS. They are uncharged as well. The presence of NH2 groups on

• were used, and neat PU control and CQDs/PU composite samples were tested with and without blue irradiation. We established that both MRC5 cells and tested bacteria (S. aureus and E. coli) exhibited almost equal resistance to CQDs/PU composites. Our previous research showed that CQDs/PU composites had

Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles toward highly efficient photocatalysis and antibacterial application

• Vo Thi Thu Nhu,
• Nguyen Duy Dat,
• Le-Minh Tam and
• Nguyen Hoang Phuong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1108–1119, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.94

• demonstrated against E. coli and S. aureus bacteria. As mentioned previously, plant extracts were used as common precursors for nanomaterial synthesis due to their relatively high levels of the steroids, saponins, carbohydrates, and flavonoids which act as reducing agents and phytoconstituents as capping

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

• Aisha Kanwal,
• Naheed Bibi,
• Sajjad Hyder,
• Arif Muhammad,
• Hao Ren,
• Jiangtao Liu and
• Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

Bioselectivity of silk protein-based materials and their bio-inspired applications

• Hendrik Bargel,
• Vanessa T. Trossmann,
• Christoph Sommer and
• Thomas Scheibel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 902–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.81

• significantly enhanced 3T3 fibroblast cell adhesion. RGD further showed no specific binding affinity towards both clinically relevant bacteria E. coli or S. aureus, and collagen reduced E. coli, but enhanced Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) adhesion [102]. Similar results were obtained for chemically coupled

Ciprofloxacin-loaded dissolving polymeric microneedles as a potential therapeutic for the treatment of S. aureus skin infections

• Sharif Abdelghany,
• Walhan Alshaer,
• Yazan Al Thaher,
• Maram Al Fawares,
• Amal G. Al-Bakri,
• Saja Zuriekat and
• Randa SH. Mansour

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 517–527, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.43

• results suggest that CIP_MN1 can be a potential delivery system for the treatment of S. aureus skin infections. Keywords: dissolving microneedles; microneedles; polyvinyl alcohol (PVA); polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP); skin infection; Introduction Topical and transdermal drug delivery is a major route for

• tissue and skin infections (STSI) caused by S. aureus [13][14][15][16]. However, the therapeutic dose of ciprofloxacin upon using conventional delivery systems is relatively high and associated with adverse effects, which partially contributed to its current limited use in the management of S. aureus

• activity of ciprofloxacin-loaded polymeric microneedles against S. aureus. Agarose gel, a transparent gelatinous substance composed of a carbohydrate polymer extracted from certain red seaweed, was proposed in recent studies as an in vitro model for the mechanical properties of the human skin [22][23

Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications

• Padmavati Sahare,
• Paulina Govea Alvarez,
• Juan Manual Sanchez Yanez,
• Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas,
• Samik Chakraborty,
• Sujay Paul and
• Miriam Estevez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15

• TiO2 nps to kill even desiccation-resistant microbes, their value has increased in the food, cosmetic, and drug industries. Recently, glass surfaces coated with silver and TiO2 nps showed promising results against bacteria S. aureus (Gram positive) and E. coli (Gram negative) as compared to the

• standard glass surface [82]. Another recent study stated that hollow, calcined TiO2 nanospheres (CSTiO2), synthesized by the combination of electrospinning and atomic layer deposition, have high antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria such as S. aureus strains compared to commercial

• [92]. Shabib and his colleagues published an interesting study on the synthesis of TiO2 nps from the root extract of W. somnifera and examined its broad-spectrum antibiofilm potential against E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Serratia marcescens

Self-assembly of amino acids toward functional biomaterials

• Huan Ren,
• Lifang Wu,
• Lina Tan,
• Yanni Bao,
• Yuchen Ma,
• Yong Jin and
• Qianli Zou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1140–1150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.85

• effectively capturing model bacteria methicillin-resistant S. aureus and Escherichia coli. When Fmoc-ʟ-Phe/OTE-ᴅ-Phe is coated on the surface, it also exhibits a strong ability to specifically kill methicillin-resistant S. aureus. In addition, Chakraborty et al. [43] designed a gelling agent containing two

The role of deep eutectic solvents and carrageenan in synthesizing biocompatible anisotropic metal nanoparticles

• Nabojit Das,
• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 924–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.69

• International Licence, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. (A) A κ-carrageenan-stabilized hydroxyapatite rod-shaped nanocomposite. (B) Antibacterial study using E. coli, S. aureus, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa showing the bactericidal properties of the nanocomposite. (C) The nanocomposite shows

Silver nanoparticles nucleated in NaOH-treated halloysite: a potential antimicrobial material

• Yuri B. Matos,
• Rodrigo S. Romanus,
• Mattheus Torquato,
• Edgar H. de Souza,
• Rodrigo L. Villanova,
• Marlene Soares and
• Emilson R. Viana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 798–807, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.63

• analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The antimicrobial properties of the Ag-NPs were investigated against E. coli and S. aureus. The potential of the Ag-NPs for industrial application was tested by dispersing them into low-density polyethylene. The importance of the chemical affinity between

• 25922) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213). This was achieved by inoculating the bacteria in selective culture media (rapid coliform broth agar for E. coli and salted manitol agar for S. aureus), followed by 24 h of incubation at 37 °C. After incubation, five colonies of each bacterial species were

• , antimicrobial surface activity tests were performed for LDPE samples doped with Ag/HNT-8 and Ag/HNT-8/DIO. The tests were performed following the guidelines specified in the JIS Z2801 standard, and consist of preparing E. coli and S. aureus suspensions (analogous to the ones produced in the MIC analysis) and

A review on the biological effects of nanomaterials on silkworm (Bombyx mori)

• Sandra Senyo Fometu,
• Guohua Wu,
• Lin Ma and
• Joan Shine Davids

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 190–202, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.15

• silkworms their hemocyte density was increased, which accounted for their bactericidal activity against S. aureus. Additionally, bacterial growth was significantly higher in control groups in comparison to groups treated with biosynthesized FLV-Ag NPs, which inhibited bacterial growth. Ag NPs are known for

A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

• Sina Kaabipour and
• Shohreh Hemmati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 102–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.9

Antimicrobial metal-based nanoparticles: a review on their synthesis, types and antimicrobial action

• Matías Guerrero Correa,
• Fernanda B. Martínez,
• Cristian Patiño Vidal,
• Camilo Streitt,
• Juan Escrig and
• Carol Lopez de Dicastillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1450–1469, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.129

• antibacterial activity against S. aureus was followed by B. subtilis, E. coli and P. aeruginosa. By using latex extracted from an immature Papaya carica fruit and silver nitrate, spherical and highly stable Ag NPs were also obtained. The reduction in Gram-positive bacteria, such as E. faecalis and B. subtilis

• microorganisms, showing larger inhibition zones against Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli and P. aeruginosa) when compared to Gram-positive bacteria (B. subtilis and S. aureus) [94]. Types of metal-based antimicrobial nanoparticles Metallic and metal-oxide nanoparticles Since ancient times, metal-based materials

• ]. Chen et al. (2019) also developed an antimicrobial-based biocomposite containing Ag NPs with good antibacterial properties against E. coli and S. aureus, as shown by the disk diffusion method [102]. Copper nanoparticles are nanomaterials with good chemical stability, heat resistance, and excellent