Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.2025,16, 316–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.24
-damage response. GO–Chl causes loss of plasma membrane integrity, cell cycle arrest, and significant genotoxicity in A549 cells. Further, elevated expression of key autophagy proteins beclin-1, ATG-7, LC-3-I/II, and SQSTM1/p62 reveal that inhibition of autophagy plays a crucial role in regulating DDR
; nanoconjugates; SQSTM1/p62; Introduction
Despite of advances in basic and clinical research, an increased mortality rate is seen worldwide in cancer-associated deaths [1]. The heterogeneous and complex tumor microenvironment along with intrinsic and/or acquired drug resistance mechanisms, such as increased drug
-3-I/II, and SQSTM1/p62, which could regulate the DNA-damage response in cancer cells [67]. Therefore, to investigate the molecular mechanism responsible for inducing DNA damage through autophagy modulation in A549 cells upon GO–Chl nanoconjugate exposure, we performed immunoblot analysis of various
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Figure 1:
Schematic representation for the process of chemical exfoliation and oxidation of graphite powder t...