Emerging strategies in the sustainable removal of antibiotics using semiconductor-based photocatalysts

• Yunus Ahmed,
• Keya Rani Dutta,
• Parul Akhtar,
• Md. Arif Hossen,
• Md. Jahangir Alam,
• Obaid A. Alharbi,
• Hamad AlMohamadi and
• Abdul Wahab Mohammad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 264–285, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.21

• ), and CIP by using ZnIn2S4 [77], g-C3N4/ZnFe2O4 [78], Cr2O3@ZnO [79], and ZnO/TiO2 [80]. However, the application of doped ZnO for remediation purposes is presently impractical because of electron–hole recombination under certain conditions. Scientists have found a variety of adsorbent materials

Clays enhanced with niobium: potential in wastewater treatment and reuse as pigment with antibacterial activity

• Silvia Jaerger,
• Patricia Appelt,
• Mario Antônio Alves da Cunha,
• Fabián Ccahuana Ayma,
• Ricardo Schneider,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Fauze Jacó Anaissi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 141–154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.13

• /bjnano.16.13 Abstract Bentonite clay sourced from the Guarapuava region, Brazil, was modified with niobium oxide (BEOx) and niobium phosphate (BEPh) to act as an adsorbent and photocatalyst in the remediation of wastewater containing methylene blue (MB) dye. Additionally, colored materials were evaluated

• regeneration of the adsorbent. Various adsorbents including chitosan, cellulose, organophilic clays, kaolinite and montmorillonite clays, and activated carbon have been used for removing toxic compounds from polluted water [6]. Among these adsorbents, bentonite and smectite clays exhibit advantageous

• properties as an adsorbent, characterized by their low cost, abundant availability, nontoxic nature, and large surface area [2][7]. Additionally, its negatively charged surface renders it favorable for the adsorption of cations [7]. Bentonite clay is abundantly found in Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil. This

Facile synthesis of size-tunable L-carnosine-capped silver nanoparticles and their role in metal ion sensing and catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar,
• Ridhima Chadha,
• Abhishek Das,
• Nandita Maiti and
• Rayavarapu Raja Gopal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1576–1592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.124

• 94.33 mg/g at a pH of 8.5 and 0.4 g/L adsorbent [16]. These studies confirmed that ʟ-carnosine adsorbed on metal surfaces has widespread environmental applications. However, magnetic nanoparticles or MOFs coated with ʟ-carnosine were applicable only for environmental remediation but were incapable of

Strain-induced bandgap engineering in 2D ψ-graphene materials: a first-principles study

• Kamal Kumar,
• Nora H. de Leeuw,
• Jost Adam and
• Abhishek Kumar Mishra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1440–1452, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.116

• an anode material in Li-ion batteries [16]. Theoretical investigations also suggest that when ψ-graphene is decorated with transition metals like zirconium, yttrium, and titanium, it can serve as an excellent adsorbent for hydrogen storage [42][44][45]. DFT calculations have shown that the adsorption

Dual-functionalized architecture enables stable and tumor cell-specific SiO₂NPs in complex biological fluids

• Iris Renata Sousa Ribeiro,
• Raquel Frenedoso da Silva,
• Romênia Ramos Domingues,
• Adriana Franco Paes Leme and
• Mateus Borba Cardoso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1238–1252, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.100

• receptor expression, the Western blot technique was used, which consists of transferring proteins from a polyacrylamide gel to an adsorbent membrane [37]. The identification of the target protein is performed through the specific recognition of a specific secondary antibody. To identify the folate receptor

Facile synthesis of Fe-based metal–organic frameworks from Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles and their application for CO₂/N₂ separation

• Van Nhieu Le,
• Hoai Duc Tran,
• Minh Tien Nguyen,
• Hai Bang Truong,
• Toan Minh Pham and
• Jinsoo Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 897–908, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.74

• for 2 h, followed by an additional 12 h at 150 °C in a glass tube before naturally cooling to ambient temperature. To assess the adsorbent’s reusability, five cycles of CO2 adsorption and desorption were conducted at 25 °C. The adsorbent was refreshed for 2 h at 100 °C under vacuum for each cycle

• . Estimation of CO2/N2 selectivity via ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) The IAST is widely recognized as a predictive means to evaluate the adsorption selectivity of an adsorbent towards a gas mixture without experimental data for the gas mixture. Herein, a binary mixture of CO2 and N2 containing 10 vol

• @Fe2O3#1.80 and its reusability To explore the inherent relationship between the target gas and the adsorbent, the adsorption behavior of CO2 over the M-100Fe@Fe2O3#1.80 sample was studied in a temperature range from 5 to 35 °C. As observed in the isotherms in Figure S1 (Supporting Information File 1

Nanoarchitectonics of photothermal materials to enhance the sensitivity of lateral flow assays

• Elangovan Sarathkumar,
• Rajasekharan S. Anjana and
• Ramapurath S. Jayasree

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 988–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.82

• different parts, namely sample pad, conjugate pad, nitrocellulose membrane, and adsorbent pad, maintaining a smooth flow of reagents through the LFA membrane. In the presence of a sample, the analyte initially reacts with affinity molecules, commonly antibodies linked with tracers such as gold nanoparticles

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials for CO₂ storage: A review

• Ha Huu Do,
• Iqra Rabani and
• Hai Bang Truong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 964–970, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.79

• still limited due to poor CO2/MOF interaction. Although this challenge can be addressed by modifying the ligand components of MOFs with hydrophilic groups, such modifications result in a substantial increase in the cost of adsorbent production. Finally, it is crucial to explore low-cost and

A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment

• Senuri Kumarage,
• Imalka Munaweera and
• Nilwala Kottegoda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10

• mixture of PVA, sodium alginate, and PEO with incorporated nano-sized ZSM5 zeolite, which contains hydroxy functional groups (HZSM5). The maximum adsorption values of Th4+ and U6+ ions were found to be 274.6 and 144.7 mg/g, respectively, at a HZSM5 content of 10 wt %, an adsorbent dosage of 1 g/L, and pH

• . Adsorption membranes decontaminate wastewater by adsorbing the impurities via chemisorption or physisorption. Polymeric membranes have functional groups that can interact with the solutes. In chemisorption, an irreversible chemical bond is formed between the adsorbate and the adsorbent, whereas in

• physisorption, only a reversible physical bond due to electrostatic interactions or intermolecular interactions forms between adsorbate and the adsorbent. An ideal adsorption membrane should exhibit both high adsorption capacity and a high adsorption rate. ENH membranes have been widely used as adsorption

A 3D-polyphenylalanine network inside porous alumina: Synthesis and characterization of an inorganic–organic composite membrane

• Jonathan Stott and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 938–951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.78

• many fields such as membrane separation [1][2][3][4][5] or adsorbent materials [1][6][7][8]. The combination of inorganic porous supports (such as alumina and a variety of synthetic polypeptides) that can be grafted onto such surfaces is also promising, especially with respect to medical and analytical

Adsorptive removal of bulky dye molecules from water with mesoporous polyaniline-derived carbon

• Hyung Jun An,
• Jong Min Park,
• Nazmul Abedin Khan and
• Sung Hwa Jhung

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 597–605, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.47

• on the enrichment of carbon (or successive removal of heteroatoms such as nitrogen and oxygen) with increasing pyrolysis temperature [42][43]. The best adsorbent (vide infra) KOH-900 was analyzed further with Raman spectroscopy. As shown in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1, KOH-900 is

• standard adsorbent. Similar to AR1, other dye molecules (with different charge and size) were also adsorbed for 6 h over KOH-900 and AC. As presented in Figure 4, KOH-900 had a much higher q6h than AC for the four dyes studied, namely AR1, MO, MB, and JGB. However, the ratio of adsorbed quantity [q6h (KOH

• . Adsorption mechanism Understanding the adsorption mechanism is helpful to develop a competitive adsorption technology and to further improve the performance of an adsorbent. So far, several mechanisms [48], such as electrostatic [49][50], π–π [51][52][53][54], acid–base interactions [55][56], and hydrogen

Warped graphitic layers generated by oxidation of fullerene extraction residue and its oxygen reduction catalytic activity

• Machiko Takigami,
• Rieko Kobayashi,
• Takafumi Ishii,
• Yasuo Imashiro and
• Jun-ichi Ozaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1391–1400, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.137

• equation. The decrease in the heat of adsorption activated the adsorbed state of oxygen molecules. However, lowering the heat too much led to a small interaction between the adsorbent and the adsorbate (i.e., less activation). Further evidence for the changes in the surface properties due to WGL exposure

Serum type and concentration both affect the protein-corona composition of PLGA nanoparticles

• Katrin Partikel,
• Robin Korte,
• Dennis Mulac,
• Hans-Ulrich Humpf and
• Klaus Langer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1002–1015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.101

• protein) adsorbed per weight of adsorbent (PLGA NPs), c is the serum protein concentration at equilibrium, KL is a constant related to the enthalpy of adsorption and qmax is related to the surface area of the solid. This equation was arranged into the linear form The value of qmax is a measure of the

• adsorptive capacity of the adsorbent for the adsorbate under examination and was calculated for the adsorption of serum proteins on PLGA NPs. SDS-PAGE analysis of corona proteins After protein adsorption and the last centrifugation step the pellet was resuspended under shaking (1200 rpm, 22 °C) in 30 µL

Removal of toxic heavy metals from river water samples using a porous silica surface modified with a new β-ketoenolic host

• Said Tighadouini,
• Smaail Radi,
• Abderrahman Elidrissi,
• Khadija Haboubi,
• Maryse Bacquet,
• Stéphanie Degoutin,
• Mustapha Zaghrioui and
• Yann Garcia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 262–273, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.25

• , Belgium 10.3762/bjnano.10.25 Abstract A new hybrid adsorbent material for the efficient removal of heavy metals from natural real water solutions (Moroccan river water samples) was prepared by the immobilization of a new conjugated β-ketoenol–pyridine–furan ligand onto a silica matrix. The

• cycles of adsorption/desorption. Compared to literature results, this material can be considered a high-performing remediation adsorbent for the extraction of Zn(II) from natural real water solution. Keywords: heavy metals; hybrid materials; β-ketoenol–pyridine–furan ligands; polluted media; porous

• , we present the synthesis of a highly selective adsorbent material via covalent immobilization of a mixed ligand (β-ketoenol–pyridine–furan) onto silica particles (Scheme 1). The engineered system is low-cost, solid, chemically and mechanically stable as well as recyclable. It exhibited a high

New micro/mesoporous nanocomposite material from low-cost sources for the efficient removal of aromatic and pathogenic pollutants from water

• Emmanuel I. Unuabonah,
• Robert Nöske,
• Jens Weber,
• Christina Günter and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 119–131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.11

• matter. The new composite is stable up to 900 °C and is an efficient adsorbent for the removal of a water micropollutant, 4-nitrophenol, and a pathogen, E. coli, from an aqueous medium, suggesting applications in water remediation are feasible. Keywords: 4-nitrophenol; Carica papaya seeds; clay; E. coli

• bed of the 2Z-HYCA adsorbent, and effluent samples were collected at specified time intervals. To test for the presence of E. coli in the effluent, 1 mL of the effluent solution samples were inoculated in eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar plates, incubated at 37 °C for 24 h, and E. coli colonies (as

• when aqueous solutions with 4-nitrophenol concentrations of 1 mg/L were used. Moreover, a 50% breakthrough was reached at ≈900 min after treating 9 L of the same solution, and the 2Z-HYCA@650 °C was 100% spent after 28 h 40 min. This result demonstrates that 2Z-HYCA is a highly effective adsorbent for

Nanocellulose: Recent advances and its prospects in environmental remediation

• Katrina Pui Yee Shak,
• Yean Ling Pang and
• Shee Keat Mah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2479–2498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.232

• by the action of bacteria. In this review, some invigorating perspectives on the challenges, future direction, and updates on the most relevant uses of nanocellulose in environmental remediation are discussed. The reported applications and properties of nanocellulose as an adsorbent, photocatalyst

• in an effort to improve the development and efficient use of nanocellulose in environmental remediation. Keywords: adsorbent; environmental remediation; membrane; nanocellulose; nanomaterials; photocatalyst; Review Introduction The rampant emergence of advanced, new nanomaterials is redefining many

• nanocellulose-based materials used in various applications under the category of environmental remediation, including past achievements, current advances, and potential directions. The recent developments of nanocellulose used as an adsorbent, photocatalyst, flocculant or membrane for various applications in

ZnO-nanostructure-based electrochemical sensor: Effect of nanostructure morphology on the sensing of heavy metal ions

• Marina Krasovska,
• Vjaceslavs Gerbreders,
• Irena Mihailova,
• Andrejs Ogurcovs,
• Eriks Sledevskis,
• Andrejs Gerbreders and
• Pavels Sarajevs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2421–2431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.227

• (0002) is smaller than the probability of etching this plane by elements remaining in solution. The role of adsorption bonds on surface defects and polar surfaces was tested using an additional morphology of adsorbent: ZnO nanoplates. This morphology was obtained by replacing HMTA with urea during the

• effective adsorbent of these ions on the other. Structure diagrams of the electrical measurement cell and electrodes. Measurement cell consists of the following parts: a corps (1), an interlayer (2) with push-in contacts (3) and a sealing rubber mask (4) with replaceable plastic cylinders (5). The complete

SERS active Ag–SiO₂ nanoparticles obtained by laser ablation of silver in colloidal silica

• Cristina Gellini,
• Francesco Muniz-Miranda,
• Alfonso Pedone and
• Maurizio Muniz-Miranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2396–2404, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.224

• used in the past (10 wt % SiO2) to obtain silica doped with silver [35]. This concentration is optimal for our purposes, that is, having a colloid with a high concentration of silica to exploit its adsorbent capacities, and limiting the background signal of silica. However, we have studied, during the

SO₂ gas adsorption on carbon nanomaterials: a comparative study

• Deepu J. Babu,
• Divya Puthusseri,
• Frank G. Kühl,
• Sherif Okeil,
• Michael Bruns,
• Manfred Hampe and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1782–1792, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.169

• time. The relative influence of surface area and functional groups on the SO2 adsorption characteristics is discussed. The isosteric heat of adsorption values are calculated to quantify the nature of the interaction between the SO2 molecule and the adsorbent. Most importantly, while chemisorption is

• -graphene layers [18]. With this morphology it represents a typological carbon adsorbent with extended structural disorder. Graphene oxide (GO) has a 2D layered structure as shown schematically in Figure 1b. The starting material for the synthesis of GO is graphite, the oxidation of which introduces oxygen

• shown that the oxygen functionalities present on GO are in the form of hydroxy and carboxy groups [12]. The tunability of the material in terms of porosity and extent of functionalization makes GO a prototype of a hydrophilic carbon adsorbent and as such interesting for studying gas adsorption in 2D

Uniform cobalt nanoparticles embedded in hexagonal mesoporous nanoplates as a magnetically separable, recyclable adsorbent

• Can Zhao,
• Yuexiao Song,
• Tianyu Xiang,
• Wenxiu Qu,
• Shuo Lou,
• Xiaohong Yin and
• Feng Xin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1770–1781, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.168

• within 2 min and the adsorption reaches equilibrium after about 30 min. The maximum adsorption capacity approaches 172.41 mg/g. After regeneration, this adsorbent can be recycled easily by magnetic separation and still possess good adsorption capacity for RhB removal, even after five cycles. Keywords

• : absorbent regeneration; CoAl layered double hydroxide; efficient adsorbent; hexagonal nanoplates; magnetic nanoparticles; polydopamine; Introduction Nanocomposites with unique electronic, mechanical, magnetic, and physicochemical properties have gained much attention because of their large specific surface

• the formation of stable bi-dentate complexes between the Co particles and MB dye. The Co nanoparticles in the carbon-based nanocomposites not only enhance the adsorption ability, but also help to separate the adsorbent owing to their strong magnetic response. Generally, Co nanoparticles can be

Photocatalytic and adsorption properties of TiO₂-pillared montmorillonite obtained by hydrothermally activated intercalation of titanium polyhydroxo complexes

• Mikhail F. Butman,
• Nikolay L. Ovchinnikov,
• Nikita S. Karasev,
• Nataliya E. Kochkina,
• Alexander V. Agafonov and
• Alexandr V. Vinogradov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 364–378, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.36

• nitrogen as an adsorbent [40][41]. At P/P0 ratios close to 1 the isotherms of the samples TiO2-PMMHx feature a sharp rise of the sorption curve indicating the presence of large pores in the pillared samples, which is confirmed by the average pore diameter data (Dav) (Table 5). The values of specific

• ], which may be respectively represented by the following equations: where Qt and Qe are the amounts of adsorbed dye per unit weight of adsorbent at a given time t (mg/g) and at equilibrium, respectively; k1 and k2 are the adsorption rate constants of pseudo-first (min−1) and pseudo-second order (mg g−1

• , mg/g) on the sample at the time t was calculated by the equation: where C0 and Ct (mg/L) are the initial concentration of dye and the dye concentration at time t (min), V is the volume of the dye solution (L), m is the mass of air-dried adsorbent (g). Small-angle XRD patterns of the raw MM, Ti-MM

Review: Electrostatically actuated nanobeam-based nanoelectromechanical switches – materials solutions and operational conditions

• Liga Jasulaneca,
• Jelena Kosmaca,
• Raimonds Meija,
• Jana Andzane and
• Donats Erts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 271–300, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.29

L-Lysine-grafted graphene oxide as an effective adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue and metal ions

• Yan Yan,
• Jie Li,
• Fangbei Kong,
• Kuankuan Jia,
• Shiyu He and
• Baorong Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2680–2688, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.268

• +) from wastewater. These results showed that Lys-GO is a bifunctional adsorbent for the removal of dyes and metal ions, and excellent adsorption efficiency was obtained. The maximum adsorption capacities for MB dye and Cu2+ were 1679.1 mg/g and 186.9 mg/g at 35 °C, respectively. The kinetics of

• . Reduced graphene oxide as an effective adsorbent can be used for the removal of malachite green dye and metal ions [10][11]. A high-performance hydrophilic polyvinylidene fluoride/graphene oxide (PVDF/GO)–lysine composite membrane can be used for sea water desalination and purification [12]. However, the

• ) used as an adsorbent for the removal of methyl orange and amaranth in 2017 [22]. The maximum adsorption capacities of PFGA for methyl orange and amaranth were as high as 3059.2 mg/g and 2043.7 mg/g, respectively. Herein, we inferred that grafting amino groups onto graphene might enhance the performance

Fabrication of carbon nanospheres by the pyrolysis of polyacrylonitrile–poly(methyl methacrylate) core–shell composite nanoparticles

• Dafu Wei,
• Youwei Zhang and
• Jinping Fu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1897–1908, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.190

• . Adsorption experiment The obtained carbon nanospheres were used as the adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from water. A batch adsorption experiment was operated by mixing the carbon nanospheres (0.010 g) and MB aqueous solution (30 mL, 66 mg/L) in a 50 mL centrifuge tube, which was followed by

• shaking the mixture at a speed of 150 rpm. After 2 h of shaking, the adsorbent was separated from the mixture by centrifugation. The appearance of the mixture remained homogeneous during the adsorption experiment. The MB concentration of the supernatant was determined with a UV–vis spectrophotometer at a

• timely discharge of the gases from the PAN-based nanoparticles. The formation of large pores, i.e., mesopores may be attributed to the residual gases which remain inside the nanoparticles. The carbonized sample CP6 was further applied as an adsorbent for removal of methylene blue (MB) (a common dye used

Three-in-one approach towards efficient organic dye-sensitized solar cells: aggregation suppression, panchromatic absorption and resonance energy transfer

• Jayita Patwari,
• Samim Sardar,
• Bo Liu,
• Peter Lemmens and
• Samir Kumar Pal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1705–1713, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.171

• two dyes increase the photocurrent as well as the efficiency of the device. From the absorption spectra of the co-sensitized photoanodes, PPIX was observed to be efficiently acting as a co-adsorbent and to reduce the dye aggregation problem of SQ2. It has further been proven by a comparison of the

• concentrations of co-adsorbent is an unavoidable constraint on the co-sensitization of organic dyes [18][28][29][30]. In order to avoid the co-adsorbent, one of the co-sensitizers can be used to counteract the aggregation of the other. Spectroscopic studies and excited-state dynamics of the two dyes can be

• major reasons for the enhanced light-harvesting over the entire solar spectrum. PPIX–SQ2 co-sensitized DSSCs were found to be more efficient compared to SQ2-sensitized DSSCs prepared using the optimum concentration of the well-known co-adsorbent chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA). The wavelength-dependent