Dendrimer-modified carbon nanotubes for the removal and recovery of heavy metal ions from water

• Thao Quynh Ngan Tran,
• Huu Trung Nguyen,
• Subodh Kumar and
• Xuan Thang Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1522–1532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.107

• develop more economical and sustainable adsorbent materials. Dendrimers are hyperbranched polymeric materials whose chemical functionality as well as the length of polymeric branches can be controlled. These properties make them suitable candidates for the adsorption process. Moreover, the growth of such

• of highly branched dendrimers. CNTs-G5 as adsorbent provide a high number of binding sites in the form of functional groups (–NH2 and –CO–NH–) and have a high surface area, allowing facile accessibility to more metal ions. Moreover, we have investigated the effect of various parameters such as the

• added mass of the dendrimerized CNTs (adsorbent), pH of the aqueous medium, and reaction time of the adsorption process, and the results are summarized in Figure 3. The adsorption efficiency of the dendrimerized derivatives CNTs-G1 to CNTs-G5 improved from as their mass was increased from 5.0 to 20.0 mg

The role of biochar in combating microplastic pollution: a bibliometric analysis in environmental contexts

• Tuan Minh Truong Dang,
• Thao Thu Thi Huynh,
• Guo-Ping Chang-Chien and
• Ha Manh Bui

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1401–1416, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.102

• such as Subgroup 10, Bacillus, and Pseudomonas. In aquatic systems, biochar serves as an efficient adsorbent, particularly for MPs larger than 10 µm, including polystyrene. Studies suggest that fixed-column models achieve superior removal efficiency (95.31% ± 5.26%) compared to batch systems (93.36

• aquatic systems, reinforcing the importance of targeted remediation approaches. To address MP contamination, various adsorbent materials have been investigated. Granular activated carbon at a concentration of 1.5 g/L has demonstrated adsorption efficiencies of up to 90% for MP fragments and fibers

• as “adsorbent”, “adsorbent mechanism”, “waste”, and “walnut shell”, highlight the development of biochar from agricultural residues and adsorption mechanism evaluations. Similarly, terms like “aggregate”, ”soil remediation”, “identification”, “mechanism”, and “kinetics” indicate a research trajectory

Electronic and optical properties of chloropicrin adsorbed ZnS nanotubes: first principle analysis

• Prakash Yadav,
• Boddepalli SanthiBhushan and
• Anurag Srivastava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1184–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.87

• the changes in Zn–S bond lengths near the CP adsorption site for different orientations before and after optimization, alongside the adsorption distance between the adsorbate and adsorbent. The most significant changes in bond length were observed near the atomic positions Zn(10)–S(13)–Zn(9), which

Single-layer graphene oxide film grown on α-Al₂O₃(0001) for use as an adsorbent

• Shiro Entani,
• Mitsunori Honda,
• Masaru Takizawa and
• Makoto Kohda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1082–1087, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.79

• groups. It is also estimated that the weight adsorption capacity of SLGO in the 1.0 mol/L-Cs aqueous solution is as much as approximately 70 wt %. It has been demonstrated that GO has great potential to be a promising adsorbent for Cs in aqueous solutions. Keywords: cesium adsorption; chemical vapor

• has a high level of water affinity. Consequently, GO can be expected to have a wide range of applications, such as primers, thermally conductive materials, transparent electrodes, and adsorbent materials [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. GO is typically synthesized by oxidizing graphite. Several

• methods have been reported, including the Broadie and Hummers methods, contingent upon the oxidizing agent employed [8][14][15]. GO possesses the ultimate large surface area, low-cost production, and high chemical stability. Therefore, GO has a potential prospect to be an efficient adsorbent for metal

Synthesis of a multicomponent cellulose-based adsorbent for tetracycline removal from aquaculture water

• Uyen Bao Tran,
• Ngoc Thanh Vo-Tran,
• Khai The Truong,
• Dat Anh Nguyen,
• Quang Nhat Tran,
• Huu-Quang Nguyen,
• Jaebeom Lee and
• Hai Son Truong-Lam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 728–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.56

• -based multicomponent adsorbent material (PGC) synthesized from sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and investigated factors influencing its TC adsorption capacity. The synthesis process was optimized using parameters derived from the response surface methodology. The surface and structural properties of PGC

• , hydrogen bonding, and CH–π interactions, with surface complexation between Ca2+ and TCs being dominant. Batch adsorption experiments conducted to examine the factors influencing adsorption capacity revealed that PGC achieved up to 70% TC removal efficiency at an adsorbent dosage of 40 mg and an initial TC

• effective adsorbent for the removal of average 70% TC antibiotic residues, particularly oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, TC, and doxycycline. Keywords: adsorption; aquaculture water; removal efficiency; response surface methodology; tetracycline antibiotic; Introduction The aquaculture industry plays a

Emerging strategies in the sustainable removal of antibiotics using semiconductor-based photocatalysts

• Yunus Ahmed,
• Keya Rani Dutta,
• Parul Akhtar,
• Md. Arif Hossen,
• Md. Jahangir Alam,
• Obaid A. Alharbi,
• Hamad AlMohamadi and
• Abdul Wahab Mohammad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 264–285, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.21

• ), and CIP by using ZnIn2S4 [77], g-C3N4/ZnFe2O4 [78], Cr2O3@ZnO [79], and ZnO/TiO2 [80]. However, the application of doped ZnO for remediation purposes is presently impractical because of electron–hole recombination under certain conditions. Scientists have found a variety of adsorbent materials

Clays enhanced with niobium: potential in wastewater treatment and reuse as pigment with antibacterial activity

• Silvia Jaerger,
• Patricia Appelt,
• Mario Antônio Alves da Cunha,
• Fabián Ccahuana Ayma,
• Ricardo Schneider,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Fauze Jacó Anaissi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 141–154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.13

• /bjnano.16.13 Abstract Bentonite clay sourced from the Guarapuava region, Brazil, was modified with niobium oxide (BEOx) and niobium phosphate (BEPh) to act as an adsorbent and photocatalyst in the remediation of wastewater containing methylene blue (MB) dye. Additionally, colored materials were evaluated

• regeneration of the adsorbent. Various adsorbents including chitosan, cellulose, organophilic clays, kaolinite and montmorillonite clays, and activated carbon have been used for removing toxic compounds from polluted water [6]. Among these adsorbents, bentonite and smectite clays exhibit advantageous

• properties as an adsorbent, characterized by their low cost, abundant availability, nontoxic nature, and large surface area [2][7]. Additionally, its negatively charged surface renders it favorable for the adsorption of cations [7]. Bentonite clay is abundantly found in Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil. This

Facile synthesis of size-tunable L-carnosine-capped silver nanoparticles and their role in metal ion sensing and catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar,
• Ridhima Chadha,
• Abhishek Das,
• Nandita Maiti and
• Rayavarapu Raja Gopal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1576–1592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.124

• 94.33 mg/g at a pH of 8.5 and 0.4 g/L adsorbent [16]. These studies confirmed that ʟ-carnosine adsorbed on metal surfaces has widespread environmental applications. However, magnetic nanoparticles or MOFs coated with ʟ-carnosine were applicable only for environmental remediation but were incapable of

Strain-induced bandgap engineering in 2D ψ-graphene materials: a first-principles study

• Kamal Kumar,
• Nora H. de Leeuw,
• Jost Adam and
• Abhishek Kumar Mishra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1440–1452, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.116

• an anode material in Li-ion batteries [16]. Theoretical investigations also suggest that when ψ-graphene is decorated with transition metals like zirconium, yttrium, and titanium, it can serve as an excellent adsorbent for hydrogen storage [42][44][45]. DFT calculations have shown that the adsorption

Dual-functionalized architecture enables stable and tumor cell-specific SiO₂NPs in complex biological fluids

• Iris Renata Sousa Ribeiro,
• Raquel Frenedoso da Silva,
• Romênia Ramos Domingues,
• Adriana Franco Paes Leme and
• Mateus Borba Cardoso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1238–1252, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.100

• receptor expression, the Western blot technique was used, which consists of transferring proteins from a polyacrylamide gel to an adsorbent membrane [37]. The identification of the target protein is performed through the specific recognition of a specific secondary antibody. To identify the folate receptor

Facile synthesis of Fe-based metal–organic frameworks from Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles and their application for CO₂/N₂ separation

• Van Nhieu Le,
• Hoai Duc Tran,
• Minh Tien Nguyen,
• Hai Bang Truong,
• Toan Minh Pham and
• Jinsoo Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 897–908, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.74

• for 2 h, followed by an additional 12 h at 150 °C in a glass tube before naturally cooling to ambient temperature. To assess the adsorbent’s reusability, five cycles of CO2 adsorption and desorption were conducted at 25 °C. The adsorbent was refreshed for 2 h at 100 °C under vacuum for each cycle

• . Estimation of CO2/N2 selectivity via ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) The IAST is widely recognized as a predictive means to evaluate the adsorption selectivity of an adsorbent towards a gas mixture without experimental data for the gas mixture. Herein, a binary mixture of CO2 and N2 containing 10 vol

• @Fe2O3#1.80 and its reusability To explore the inherent relationship between the target gas and the adsorbent, the adsorption behavior of CO2 over the M-100Fe@Fe2O3#1.80 sample was studied in a temperature range from 5 to 35 °C. As observed in the isotherms in Figure S1 (Supporting Information File 1

Nanoarchitectonics of photothermal materials to enhance the sensitivity of lateral flow assays

• Elangovan Sarathkumar,
• Rajasekharan S. Anjana and
• Ramapurath S. Jayasree

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 988–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.82

• different parts, namely sample pad, conjugate pad, nitrocellulose membrane, and adsorbent pad, maintaining a smooth flow of reagents through the LFA membrane. In the presence of a sample, the analyte initially reacts with affinity molecules, commonly antibodies linked with tracers such as gold nanoparticles

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials for CO₂ storage: A review

• Ha Huu Do,
• Iqra Rabani and
• Hai Bang Truong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 964–970, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.79

• still limited due to poor CO2/MOF interaction. Although this challenge can be addressed by modifying the ligand components of MOFs with hydrophilic groups, such modifications result in a substantial increase in the cost of adsorbent production. Finally, it is crucial to explore low-cost and

A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment

• Senuri Kumarage,
• Imalka Munaweera and
• Nilwala Kottegoda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10

• mixture of PVA, sodium alginate, and PEO with incorporated nano-sized ZSM5 zeolite, which contains hydroxy functional groups (HZSM5). The maximum adsorption values of Th4+ and U6+ ions were found to be 274.6 and 144.7 mg/g, respectively, at a HZSM5 content of 10 wt %, an adsorbent dosage of 1 g/L, and pH

• . Adsorption membranes decontaminate wastewater by adsorbing the impurities via chemisorption or physisorption. Polymeric membranes have functional groups that can interact with the solutes. In chemisorption, an irreversible chemical bond is formed between the adsorbate and the adsorbent, whereas in

• physisorption, only a reversible physical bond due to electrostatic interactions or intermolecular interactions forms between adsorbate and the adsorbent. An ideal adsorption membrane should exhibit both high adsorption capacity and a high adsorption rate. ENH membranes have been widely used as adsorption

A 3D-polyphenylalanine network inside porous alumina: Synthesis and characterization of an inorganic–organic composite membrane

• Jonathan Stott and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 938–951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.78

• many fields such as membrane separation [1][2][3][4][5] or adsorbent materials [1][6][7][8]. The combination of inorganic porous supports (such as alumina and a variety of synthetic polypeptides) that can be grafted onto such surfaces is also promising, especially with respect to medical and analytical

Adsorptive removal of bulky dye molecules from water with mesoporous polyaniline-derived carbon

• Hyung Jun An,
• Jong Min Park,
• Nazmul Abedin Khan and
• Sung Hwa Jhung

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 597–605, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.47

• on the enrichment of carbon (or successive removal of heteroatoms such as nitrogen and oxygen) with increasing pyrolysis temperature [42][43]. The best adsorbent (vide infra) KOH-900 was analyzed further with Raman spectroscopy. As shown in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1, KOH-900 is

• standard adsorbent. Similar to AR1, other dye molecules (with different charge and size) were also adsorbed for 6 h over KOH-900 and AC. As presented in Figure 4, KOH-900 had a much higher q6h than AC for the four dyes studied, namely AR1, MO, MB, and JGB. However, the ratio of adsorbed quantity [q6h (KOH

• . Adsorption mechanism Understanding the adsorption mechanism is helpful to develop a competitive adsorption technology and to further improve the performance of an adsorbent. So far, several mechanisms [48], such as electrostatic [49][50], π–π [51][52][53][54], acid–base interactions [55][56], and hydrogen

Warped graphitic layers generated by oxidation of fullerene extraction residue and its oxygen reduction catalytic activity

• Machiko Takigami,
• Rieko Kobayashi,
• Takafumi Ishii,
• Yasuo Imashiro and
• Jun-ichi Ozaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1391–1400, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.137

• equation. The decrease in the heat of adsorption activated the adsorbed state of oxygen molecules. However, lowering the heat too much led to a small interaction between the adsorbent and the adsorbate (i.e., less activation). Further evidence for the changes in the surface properties due to WGL exposure

Serum type and concentration both affect the protein-corona composition of PLGA nanoparticles

• Katrin Partikel,
• Robin Korte,
• Dennis Mulac,
• Hans-Ulrich Humpf and
• Klaus Langer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1002–1015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.101

• protein) adsorbed per weight of adsorbent (PLGA NPs), c is the serum protein concentration at equilibrium, KL is a constant related to the enthalpy of adsorption and qmax is related to the surface area of the solid. This equation was arranged into the linear form The value of qmax is a measure of the

• adsorptive capacity of the adsorbent for the adsorbate under examination and was calculated for the adsorption of serum proteins on PLGA NPs. SDS-PAGE analysis of corona proteins After protein adsorption and the last centrifugation step the pellet was resuspended under shaking (1200 rpm, 22 °C) in 30 µL

Removal of toxic heavy metals from river water samples using a porous silica surface modified with a new β-ketoenolic host

• Said Tighadouini,
• Smaail Radi,
• Abderrahman Elidrissi,
• Khadija Haboubi,
• Maryse Bacquet,
• Stéphanie Degoutin,
• Mustapha Zaghrioui and
• Yann Garcia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 262–273, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.25

• , Belgium 10.3762/bjnano.10.25 Abstract A new hybrid adsorbent material for the efficient removal of heavy metals from natural real water solutions (Moroccan river water samples) was prepared by the immobilization of a new conjugated β-ketoenol–pyridine–furan ligand onto a silica matrix. The

• cycles of adsorption/desorption. Compared to literature results, this material can be considered a high-performing remediation adsorbent for the extraction of Zn(II) from natural real water solution. Keywords: heavy metals; hybrid materials; β-ketoenol–pyridine–furan ligands; polluted media; porous

• , we present the synthesis of a highly selective adsorbent material via covalent immobilization of a mixed ligand (β-ketoenol–pyridine–furan) onto silica particles (Scheme 1). The engineered system is low-cost, solid, chemically and mechanically stable as well as recyclable. It exhibited a high

New micro/mesoporous nanocomposite material from low-cost sources for the efficient removal of aromatic and pathogenic pollutants from water

• Emmanuel I. Unuabonah,
• Robert Nöske,
• Jens Weber,
• Christina Günter and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 119–131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.11

• matter. The new composite is stable up to 900 °C and is an efficient adsorbent for the removal of a water micropollutant, 4-nitrophenol, and a pathogen, E. coli, from an aqueous medium, suggesting applications in water remediation are feasible. Keywords: 4-nitrophenol; Carica papaya seeds; clay; E. coli

• bed of the 2Z-HYCA adsorbent, and effluent samples were collected at specified time intervals. To test for the presence of E. coli in the effluent, 1 mL of the effluent solution samples were inoculated in eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar plates, incubated at 37 °C for 24 h, and E. coli colonies (as

• when aqueous solutions with 4-nitrophenol concentrations of 1 mg/L were used. Moreover, a 50% breakthrough was reached at ≈900 min after treating 9 L of the same solution, and the 2Z-HYCA@650 °C was 100% spent after 28 h 40 min. This result demonstrates that 2Z-HYCA is a highly effective adsorbent for

Nanocellulose: Recent advances and its prospects in environmental remediation

• Katrina Pui Yee Shak,
• Yean Ling Pang and
• Shee Keat Mah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2479–2498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.232

• by the action of bacteria. In this review, some invigorating perspectives on the challenges, future direction, and updates on the most relevant uses of nanocellulose in environmental remediation are discussed. The reported applications and properties of nanocellulose as an adsorbent, photocatalyst

• in an effort to improve the development and efficient use of nanocellulose in environmental remediation. Keywords: adsorbent; environmental remediation; membrane; nanocellulose; nanomaterials; photocatalyst; Review Introduction The rampant emergence of advanced, new nanomaterials is redefining many

• nanocellulose-based materials used in various applications under the category of environmental remediation, including past achievements, current advances, and potential directions. The recent developments of nanocellulose used as an adsorbent, photocatalyst, flocculant or membrane for various applications in

ZnO-nanostructure-based electrochemical sensor: Effect of nanostructure morphology on the sensing of heavy metal ions

• Marina Krasovska,
• Vjaceslavs Gerbreders,
• Irena Mihailova,
• Andrejs Ogurcovs,
• Eriks Sledevskis,
• Andrejs Gerbreders and
• Pavels Sarajevs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2421–2431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.227

• (0002) is smaller than the probability of etching this plane by elements remaining in solution. The role of adsorption bonds on surface defects and polar surfaces was tested using an additional morphology of adsorbent: ZnO nanoplates. This morphology was obtained by replacing HMTA with urea during the

• effective adsorbent of these ions on the other. Structure diagrams of the electrical measurement cell and electrodes. Measurement cell consists of the following parts: a corps (1), an interlayer (2) with push-in contacts (3) and a sealing rubber mask (4) with replaceable plastic cylinders (5). The complete

SERS active Ag–SiO₂ nanoparticles obtained by laser ablation of silver in colloidal silica

• Cristina Gellini,
• Francesco Muniz-Miranda,
• Alfonso Pedone and
• Maurizio Muniz-Miranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2396–2404, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.224

• used in the past (10 wt % SiO2) to obtain silica doped with silver [35]. This concentration is optimal for our purposes, that is, having a colloid with a high concentration of silica to exploit its adsorbent capacities, and limiting the background signal of silica. However, we have studied, during the

SO₂ gas adsorption on carbon nanomaterials: a comparative study

• Deepu J. Babu,
• Divya Puthusseri,
• Frank G. Kühl,
• Sherif Okeil,
• Michael Bruns,
• Manfred Hampe and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1782–1792, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.169

• time. The relative influence of surface area and functional groups on the SO2 adsorption characteristics is discussed. The isosteric heat of adsorption values are calculated to quantify the nature of the interaction between the SO2 molecule and the adsorbent. Most importantly, while chemisorption is

• -graphene layers [18]. With this morphology it represents a typological carbon adsorbent with extended structural disorder. Graphene oxide (GO) has a 2D layered structure as shown schematically in Figure 1b. The starting material for the synthesis of GO is graphite, the oxidation of which introduces oxygen

• shown that the oxygen functionalities present on GO are in the form of hydroxy and carboxy groups [12]. The tunability of the material in terms of porosity and extent of functionalization makes GO a prototype of a hydrophilic carbon adsorbent and as such interesting for studying gas adsorption in 2D

Uniform cobalt nanoparticles embedded in hexagonal mesoporous nanoplates as a magnetically separable, recyclable adsorbent

• Can Zhao,
• Yuexiao Song,
• Tianyu Xiang,
• Wenxiu Qu,
• Shuo Lou,
• Xiaohong Yin and
• Feng Xin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1770–1781, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.168

• within 2 min and the adsorption reaches equilibrium after about 30 min. The maximum adsorption capacity approaches 172.41 mg/g. After regeneration, this adsorbent can be recycled easily by magnetic separation and still possess good adsorption capacity for RhB removal, even after five cycles. Keywords

• : absorbent regeneration; CoAl layered double hydroxide; efficient adsorbent; hexagonal nanoplates; magnetic nanoparticles; polydopamine; Introduction Nanocomposites with unique electronic, mechanical, magnetic, and physicochemical properties have gained much attention because of their large specific surface

• the formation of stable bi-dentate complexes between the Co particles and MB dye. The Co nanoparticles in the carbon-based nanocomposites not only enhance the adsorption ability, but also help to separate the adsorbent owing to their strong magnetic response. Generally, Co nanoparticles can be