Enhancing mechanical properties of chitosan/PVA electrospun nanofibers: a comprehensive review

• Nur Areisman Mohd Salleh,
• Amalina Muhammad Afifi,
• Fathiah Mohamed Zuki and
• Hanna Sofia SalehHudin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 286–307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.22

• nanofibrous membranes and the methods to improve their mechanical properties, applications, and future perspectives. Review Background Electrospinning is an advancement of electrospraying, where electric forces are used to disperse fine aerosols from a polymer solution, a technique invented in 1747 by Abbé

Instance maps as an organising concept for complex experimental workflows as demonstrated for (nano)material safety research

• Benjamin Punz,
• Maja Brajnik,
• Joh Dokler,
• Jaleesia D. Amos,
• Litty Johnson,
• Katie Reilly,
• Anastasios G. Papadiamantis,
• Amaia Green Etxabe,
• Lee Walker,
• Diego S. T. Martinez,
• Steffi Friedrichs,
• Klaus M. Weltring,
• Nazende Günday-Türeli,
• Claus Svendsen,
• Christine Ogilvie Hendren,
• Mark R. Wiesner,
• Martin Himly,
• Iseult Lynch and
• Thomas E. Exner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 57–77, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.7

• for a proof-of-concept of the treatment of antibiotic-resistant bacterial lung infections. In addition, controls are prepared for imaging purposes to verify the suitability of the MACRAMÉ approach to quantify and characterise the aerosols upon exposure of in vitro lung models. Relevant exposure points

• , (ii) degraded complex product matrices at the product’s end of life, (iii) regulatory relevant biological matrices for human toxicity testing, (iv) environmental matrices for ecotoxicity testing, and (v) relevant forms of the different complex matrices, such as soot and char, and aerosols generated

Ion mobility and material transport on KBr in air as a function of the relative humidity

• Dominik J. Kirpal,
• Korbinian Pürckhauer,
• Alfred J. Weymouth and
• Franz J. Giessibl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2084–2093, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.203

• . Typically, air is composed of different gases, a small fraction of aerosols and water vapor. The relative humidity (RH) usually ranges from about 25% to 70%, depending on weather and season. A thin film of water molecules adsorbs on every surface exposed to humid gases [1][2][3]. The thickness of these

Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations

• Jaison Jeevanandam,
• Ahmed Barhoum,
• Yen S. Chan,
• Alain Dufresne and
• Michael K. Danquah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1050–1074, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.98

• , transportation, industrial operations, and charcoal burning are some of the human activities that lead to the emergence of synthetic NPs. Only about 10% of overall aerosols in the atmosphere are generated by human activity, whereas the naturally generated ones amount to 90% of atmospheric aerosols [43]. Dust

• ][47]. The consequence of aerosol particles on the environment and climate was extensively reviewed by Buseck and Posfai. They mentioned that widespread transport of aerosols across oceans have a major effect on life, including the life forms at the bottom of the food chain [48]. Another study by Al

• risk of respiratory disease. Dust particles also cause damage and mechanical failure in spacesuits and airlocks [64]. Volcanic eruptions: Eruption of volcanoes leads to the propulsion of an enormous amount of aerosols and fine particles into the atmosphere with sizes ranging from micrometers to several

Hyperthermic intracavitary nanoaerosol therapy (HINAT) as an improved approach for pressurised intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC): Technical description, experimental validation and first proof of concept

• Daniel Göhler,
• Stephan Große,
• Alexander Bellendorf,
• Thomas Albert Falkenstein,
• Mehdi Ouaissi,
• Jürgen Zieren,
• Michael Stintz and
• Urs Giger-Pabst

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2729–2740, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.272

• ), based on extracavitary generation of hyperthermic and unipolar charged aerosols, was developed. The aerosol size distribution, the spatial drug distribution and in-tissue depth penetration of HINAT were studied by laser diffraction spectrometry, differential electrical mobility analysis, time of flight

• 1 bar, 2 bar and 3 bar. The measurement time was set to 3 s and measurements were taken 5 times for each configuration. Differential electrical mobility analyses (DEMA) and time-of-flight spectrometry (TOF) Beside LDS, the aerosols provided by HINAT-LAU and PIPAC-MIP were also characterised down to

• aerosols generated from HINAT-LAU or PIPAC-MIP were passed parallel to a particle-free air flow of about 280 L/min into an atmospheric decoupled flow channel before entering a cascade of two commercial aerosol dilution units (model VKL10, Palas GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany). Afterwards the aerosol passed a

Evaluation of preparation methods for suspended nano-objects on substrates for dimensional measurements by atomic force microscopy

• Petra Fiala,
• Daniel Göhler,
• Benno Wessely,
• Michael Stintz,
• Giovanni Mattia Lazzerini and
• Andrew Yacoot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1774–1785, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.179

• crystallization during droplet drying. Thus, artificially generated aerosols are typically classified afterwards within differential electrical mobility classifiers according to ISO 15900:2009 [28]. To avoid an overlap of the nano-object mode and a residual mode in the particle size distribution, even finer

• aerosol generation. A differential mobility analyser (DMA, Model 3071, TSI Inc., USA) was used for aerosol classifying. Despite the considerable effort required for aerosol generation and conditioning, nanomaterial deposition from aerosols on substrates can be more accurately characterized than the

Preparation of alginate–chitosan–cyclodextrin micro- and nanoparticles loaded with anti-tuberculosis compounds

• Albert Ivancic,
• Fliur Macaev,
• Fatma Aksakal,
• Veaceslav Boldescu,
• Serghei Pogrebnoi and
• Gheorghe Duca

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1208–1218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.112

• active compound at the site of infection for a longer time, which consequently reduces the frequency of drug administration [10]; • interaction with plasma proteins [11], which has been shown to influence the biokinetics of the particles [12]. The main challenges in the usage of aerosols with

PVP-coated, negatively charged silver nanoparticles: A multi-center study of their physicochemical characteristics, cell culture and in vivo experiments

• Sebastian Ahlberg,
• Alexandra Antonopulos,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Ralf Dringen,
• Matthias Epple,
• Rebekka Flöck,
• Wolfgang Goedecke,
• Christina Graf,
• Nadine Haberl,
• Jens Helmlinger,
• Fabian Herzog,
• Frederike Heuer,
• Stephanie Hirn,
• Christian Johannes,
• Stefanie Kittler,
• Manfred Köller,
• Katrin Korn,
• Wolfgang G. Kreyling,
• Fritz Krombach,
• Jürgen Lademann,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Eva M. Luther,
• Marcelina Malissek,
• Martina C. Meinke,
• Daniel Nordmeyer,
• Anne Pailliart,
• Jörg Raabe,
• Fiorenza Rancan,
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser,
• Eckart Rühl,
• Carsten Schleh,
• Andreas Seibel,
• Christina Sengstock,
• Lennart Treuel,
• Annika Vogt,
• Katrin Weber and
• Reinhard Zellner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1944–1965, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.205

• with silver nanoparticles. Keywords: aerosols; biological properties; cell biology; nanoparticles; nanotoxicology; silver; Review Introduction Silver in the form of ions and nanoparticles is extensively used in consumer products and medical devices [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. This is due to

Silica nanoparticles are less toxic to human lung cells when deposited at the air–liquid interface compared to conventional submerged exposure

• Alicja Panas,
• Andreas Comouth,
• Harald Saathoff,
• Thomas Leisner,
• Marco Al-Rawi,
• Michael Simon,
• Gunnar Seemann,
• Olaf Dössel,
• Sonja Mülhopt,
• Hanns-Rudolf Paur,
• Susanne Fritsch-Decker,
• Carsten Weiss and
• Silvia Diabaté

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1590–1602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.171

• and to mimic a more realistic situation relevant for inhalation, human A549 lung epithelial cells were exposed to aerosols at the air–liquid interphase (ALI) by using the ALI deposition apparatus (ALIDA). The application of an electrostatic field allowed for particle deposition efficiencies that were

• higher by a factor of more than 20 compared to the unmodified VITROCELL deposition system. We studied two different amorphous silica nanoparticles (particles produced by flame synthesis and particles produced in suspension by the Stöber method). Aerosols with well-defined particle sizes and

• the following as ALI deposition apparatus, ALIDA) [18]. Aerosols with well-defined particle sizes and concentrations were generated by using commercial electrospray generators or atomizers. The deposited dose was determined by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and in case of labelled NPs by

Mimicking exposures to acute and lifetime concentrations of inhaled silver nanoparticles by two different in vitro approaches

• Fabian Herzog,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Sandor Balog,
• Martin J. D. Clift,
• Matthias Epple,
• Peter Gehr,
• Alke Petri-Fink and
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1357–1370, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.149

• interaction with Ag NPs can occur through the lung, skin, gastrointestinal tract, and bloodstream. However, the inhalation of Ag NP aerosols is a primary concern. To study the possible effects of inhaled Ag NPs, an in vitro triple cell co-culture model of the human alveolar/airway barrier (A549 epithelial

• the materials applied. The dose exposed by submerged conditions would thus result in a calculated aerosol concentration 200 times higher than the threshold limit value of 0.1 mg Ag/m3 for Ag aerosols as set by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) [14]. A further aspect

Cytotoxic and proinflammatory effects of PVP-coated silver nanoparticles after intratracheal instillation in rats

• Nadine Haberl,
• Stephanie Hirn,
• Alexander Wenk,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Matthias Epple,
• Blair D. Johnston,
• Fritz Krombach,
• Wolfgang G. Kreyling and
• Carsten Schleh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 933–940, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.105

• after the instillation of 250 µg PVP-AgNP (Figure 8). Discussion According to the Woodrow–Wilson-Center database of nanotechnology-based products [28], silver is one of the most frequently used nanomaterials for consumer products. Due to the use of AgNP as aerosols in healthcare and hygiene spray