Pulsed laser in liquid grafting of gold nanoparticle–carbon support composites

• Madeleine K. Wilsey,
• Teona Taseska,
• Qishen Lyu,
• Connor P. Cox and
• Astrid M. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 349–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.26

• reactions and can create unwanted side products [7]. Long-term surfactant stability and associated catalyst agglomeration or detachment are another issue. Post-synthetic attachment of catalyst nanoparticles is poorly scalable, creates large amounts of organic hazardous waste, and results in wastage of

Fabrication and evaluation of BerNPs regarding the growth and development of Streptococcus mutans

• Tuyen Huu Nguyen,
• Hong Thanh Pham,
• Kieu Kim Thanh Nguyen,
• Loan Hong Ngo,
• Anh Ngoc Tuan Mai,
• Thu Hoang Anh Lam,
• Ngan Thi Kim Phan,
• Dung Tien Pham,
• Duong Thuy Hoang,
• Thuc Dong Nguyen and
• Lien Thi Xuan Truong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 308–315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.23

• each other, reducing the likelihood of agglomeration and deposition, and enhancing the stability of the suspension [21][22]. Consequently, a suspension of the BerNPs was produced with uniform particle sizes, predominantly ranging from 40 to 65 nm (Figure 1B,C). In our study, the rotary grinding method

Preferential enrichment and extraction of laser-synthesized nanoparticles in organic phases

• Theo Fromme,
• Maximilian L. Spiekermann,
• Florian Lehmann,
• Stephan Barcikowski,
• Thomas Seidensticker and
• Sven Reichenberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 254–263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.20

• phase separation which, in turn, can lead to different physical effects on the particles (such as, e.g., agglomeration). Second, it is possible that the nanoparticles inherently prefer a solvent polarity that lies between the polarity of the alcohol and propylene carbonate phases. Rather than a

A review of metal-organic frameworks and polymers in mixed matrix membranes for CO₂ capture

• Charlotte Skjold Qvist Christensen,
• Nicholas Hansen,
• Mahboubeh Motadayen,
• Nina Lock,
• Martin Lahn Henriksen and
• Jonathan Quinson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 155–186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.14

• . High loadings of up to 50 wt % UiO-66 and its functionalized derivatives (UiO-66-NH2 and UiO-66-(COOH)2) were achieved without MOF agglomeration in the thin, selective layers. When successfully prepared, these novel HFMMMs can express improved separation efficiency, increased mechanical strength, and

Fabrication of hafnium-based nanoparticles and nanostructures using picosecond laser ablation

• Abhishek Das,
• Mangababu Akkanaboina,
• Jagannath Rathod,
• R. Sai Prasad Goud,
• Kanaka Ravi Kumar,
• Raghu C. Reddy,
• Ratheesh Ravendran,
• Katia Vutova,
• S. V. S. Nageswara Rao and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1639–1653, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.129

• ][47][48], leading to the formation of nanoparticles [43]. Some of these nuclei with abundant hafnium oxide molecules around grow like crystals [45][48]. The agglomeration [47] of such crystals leads to the observed polycrystalline state in the NPs [43][46]. The formation of the observed amorphous NPs

The round-robin approach applied to nanoinformatics: consensus prediction of nanomaterials zeta potential

• Dimitra-Danai Varsou,
• Arkaprava Banerjee,
• Joyita Roy,
• Kunal Roy,
• Giannis Savvas,
• Haralambos Sarimveis,
• Ewelina Wyrzykowska,
• Mateusz Balicki,
• Tomasz Puzyn,
• Georgia Melagraki,
• Iseult Lynch and
• Antreas Afantitis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1536–1553, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.121

• attractive forces, while a negative value suggests repulsive interactions between the NPs, preventing aggregation or agglomeration. These calculations were performed considering spherical and uncoated NMs. The balance between the Hamaker constants (expressing van der Waals attraction between particles) and

Effect of wavelength and liquid on formation of Ag, Au, Ag/Au nanoparticles via picosecond laser ablation and SERS-based detection of DMMP

• Sree Satya Bharati Moram,
• Chandu Byram and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1054–1069, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.86

• ablation. This phenomenon led to lower NP production at 355 nm compared to that at 532 and 1064 nm laser wavelengths, this was also reflected in the absorption spectra. Consequently, there is a tendency for NP agglomeration and chain formation, which is evident from the TEM pictures depicted in Figure 3

Intermixing of MoS₂ and WS₂ photocatalysts toward methylene blue photodegradation

• Maryam Al Qaydi,
• Nitul S. Rajput,
• Michael Lejeune,
• Abdellatif Bouchalkha,
• Mimoun El Marssi,
• Steevy Cordette,
• Chaouki Kasmi and
• Mustapha Jouiad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 817–829, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.68

• considered samples. The specimens were prepared by drop casting a solution of the exfoliated samples on lacey carbon transmission electron microscopy (TEM) grids. Additionally, agglomeration of the flakes can be usually observed as well, which could be due to the effect of the solvent used for drop casting

Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under visible light by cobalt ferrite nanoparticles/graphene quantum dots

• Vo Chau Ngoc Anh,
• Le Thi Thanh Nhi,
• Le Thi Kim Dung,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Truong Son,
• Nguyen Thi Thao Uyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Uyen Thu,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Le Trung Hieu,
• Tran Ngoc Tuyen and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 475–489, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.43

• hydrothermal method was reported [7]. The effect of oleylamine concentration on the physicochemical properties of CF synthesized via a solvothermal process has been presented [8]. However, ferrites exhibit self-agglomeration due to their magnetic nature. Combining different functional materials to prepare

• multiple-component photocatalysts is a common way to overcome the issues of single-phase photocatalysts [9]. Stacking GQDs sheets onto CF nanoparticles not only prevents CF from agglomeration but also forms heterojunction contacts, which possibly reduce the recombination of the photo-induced electron–hole

• of CoFe2O4 and CF/GQDs. All isotherm curves belong to type V according to IUPAC. At a high relative pressure (above 0.8), the hysteresis sloop indicates that the materials have micro-meso structures. The surface area of CoFe2O4 is small because of heavy agglomeration (21.0 m2·g−1). However, CF/GQDs

Potential of a deep eutectic solvent in silver nanoparticle fabrication for antibiotic residue detection

• Le Hong Tho,
• Bui Xuan Khuyen,
• Ngoc Xuan Dat Mai and
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 426–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.38

• best LSPR properties among the noble metals [18]. One of the decisive factors regarding the SERS performance of Ag NP-based platforms is the agglomeration state of the nanoparticles [19], which directly affects the “hot spots”. There have been many studies in which agglomeration of Ag NPs was adjusted

Comparative electron microscopy particle sizing of TiO₂ pigments: sample preparation and measurement

• Ralf Theissmann,
• Christopher Drury,
• Markus Rohe,
• Thomas Koch,
• Jochen Winkler and
• Petr Pikal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 317–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.29

• constraints imply that the spICP-MS method has limited applicability for measuring primary particle sizes, especially when dealing with materials that may have a broad particle size distribution and exhibit significant agglomeration. The EM images of the five E171 samples show that all samples are nearly

Exploring the relationships between physiochemical properties of nanoparticles and cell damage to combat cancer growth using simple periodic table-based descriptors

• Joyita Roy and
• Kunal Roy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 297–309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.27

• stabilize and prevent agglomeration of NPs. As no experimental techniques are available to measure the surface charge directly, its value is measured through the zeta potential (ζ) in a given medium [9]. Zeta potential is the electrostatic potential at the electrical double layer surrounding the NPs in

Assessing phytotoxicity and tolerance levels of ZnO nanoparticles on Raphanus sativus: implications for widespread adoptions

• Pathirannahalage Sahan Samuditha,
• Nadeesh Madusanka Adassooriya and
• Nazeera Salim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 115–125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.11

• could be linked to the agglomeration of nanoparticles caused by the rapid addition rate of NaOH during the synthesis process, as evidenced by the presence of agglomerated particles visible in the SEM images [33]. Further, the light scattering technique results are biased toward the larger particles in

Sulfur nanocomposites with insecticidal effect for the control of Bactericera cockerelli

• Lany S. Araujo-Yépez,
• Juan O. Tigrero-Salas,
• Vicente A. Delgado-Rodríguez,
• Vladimir A. Aguirre-Yela and
• Josué N. Villota-Méndez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1106–1115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.91

• particles and an oily phase made up of eucalyptus or rosemary essential oils with concentrations of 0.25%, 0.5%, and 0.75%. The increase in size of the nanocomposites is related to agglomeration and effects such as Ostwald ripening, or the increase in essential oil concentration. In addition, the

Experimental investigation of usage of POE lubricants with Al₂O₃, graphene or CNT nanoparticles in a refrigeration compressor

• Kayhan Dağıdır and
• Kemal Bilen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1041–1058, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.86

• to add nanoparticles to the lubricant. Elimination of precipitation and agglomeration problems of nanoparticles is crucial for nanolubricant applications. On this critical issue in the nanolubricant preparation process, the authors benefited from their previous study [21], which included the basic

Recognition mechanisms of hemoglobin particles by monocytes – CD163 may just be one

• Jonathan-Gabriel Nimz,
• Pichayut Rerkshanandana,
• Chiraphat Kloypan,
• Ulrich Kalus,
• Saranya Chaiwaree,
• Axel Pruß,
• Radostina Georgieva,
• Yu Xiong and
• Hans Bäumler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1028–1040, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.85

• that Hb is not necessarily the key factor that triggers uptake into cells and, in any case, CD163 does not appear to be the single key protein for this either. Xiong et al. observed agglomeration of HBOCs in the liver of a rat model after intravenous injection of a HBOC solution, which became visible

Isolation of cubic Si₃P₄ in the form of nanocrystals

• Polina K. Nikiforova,
• Sergei S. Bubenov,
• Vadim B. Platonov,
• Andrey S. Kumskov,
• Nikolay N. Kononov,
• Tatyana A. Kuznetsova and
• Sergey G. Dorofeev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 971–979, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.80

• agglomeration for at least a month. The synthesized samples were brown powders that formed brown sols in acetonitrile, quite similar in appearance to those of Si NPs. Upon examination of the UV–vis absorption spectra, a bandgap of 1.25 eV was established using Tauc plot (Figure 5). A simpler approach for a

• Si3P4 decomposition, sample SP670 as well as the freshly prepared sample SP550 were selected for the TEM studies. A typical TEM bright-field image is shown in Figure 6a. The particles show a profound tendency to agglomerate, not unlike the parent oxidized Si NPs [38]. The agglomeration obstructs size

• significant variation and closely resemble the HAADF-STEM images of the corresponding sample regions (Figure 7b). The two elements are, thereby, viewed as strongly associated and distributed rather homogeneously in the NPs. When the particle agglomeration is not as severe (border regions of Figure 7e), the O

Carboxylic acids and light interact to affect nanoceria stability and dissolution in acidic aqueous environments

• Matthew L. Hancock,
• Eric A. Grulke and
• Robert A. Yokel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 762–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.63

• carboxylates are found in underground and aerial plant parts. To further test nanoceria stability, suspensions were exposed to light and dark conditions, simulating plant environments and biological systems. Light induced nanoceria agglomeration in the presence of some carboxylic acids. Nanoceria agglomeration

• formation of cerium coordination complexes on the ceria nanoparticle surface that inhibit agglomeration. Key functional groups of carboxylic acids that prevented nanoceria agglomeration were identified. A long carbon chain backbone containing a carboxylic acid group geminal to a hydroxy group in addition to

• acid coating to the particle surface [22]. Nanoceria partially dissolved in the presence of organic acids in radish root exudates [23]. Nanoceria agglomeration was reported in algae growth medium beyond 28 h of exposure [24]. Collin et al. [25] urged future studies to look into environmental exposures

Control of morphology and crystallinity of CNTs in flame synthesis with one-dimensional reaction zone

• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Ni Luh Wulan Septiani and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 741–750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.61

• observed, revealing the agglomeration and sintering of particles during high-temperature growth in the flame. The energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis results in Table 1 indicate a high fraction of nickel. A previous study showed that nickel particles of 5 nm and above can be reactive towards CH4, which

• temperatures and lower HAB values, the particles can combine, sinter, and increase in size either due to Ostwald ripening or particle migration and coalescence [26]. The agglomeration occurs because of the high temperature, creating conditions similar to annealing. At higher HAB values, where the temperature

Nanoarchitectonics to entrap living cells in silica-based systems: encapsulations with yolk–shell and sepiolite nanomaterials

• Celia Martín-Morales,
• Jorge Fernández-Méndez,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 522–534, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.43

• leads to a more biocompatible local environment for individual cells, while providing a more homogeneous and better encapsulation system. Additionally, in Figure 2E a detail of an isolated yolk–shell structure and an agglomeration of several cyanobacteria encapsulated in yolk–shell microstructures are

Evaluation of electrosynthesized reduced graphene oxide–Ni/Fe/Co-based (oxy)hydroxide catalysts towards the oxygen evolution reaction

• Karolina Cysewska,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Marcin Zając,
• Jakub Karczewski,
• Piotr Jasiński and
• Sebastian Molin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 420–433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.34

• plate-like structure remained for NiFe and CoNiFe catalysts. However, in each case, some material agglomeration occurred randomly on the surface of the electrodes. No detachment of the catalyst from the surface of the nickel foam was observed. Discussion The studies showed that the addition of GO to

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

• , specifically in the UV–vis range (as infrared is already applied for heating), efficient of conversion of the absorbed energy into heat (in contrast to scattering), chemical and physical stability of the nanoparticles (e.g., against agglomeration), ease of synthesis, and low cost. Coinage metals, such as Au

Bismuth-based nanostructured photocatalysts for the remediation of antibiotics and organic dyes

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo and
• Faisal Suleiman Mustafa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 291–321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.26

• at a lower cost. The most frequently used wet-chemical techniques are hydrothermal and co-precipitation techniques. Morphology, particle size, and composition can be easily adjusted using hydrothermal methods, whereas agglomeration and particle size can be controlled using the co-precipitation method

A novel approach to pulsed laser deposition of platinum catalyst on carbon particles for use in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

• Bogusław Budner,
• Wojciech Tokarz,
• Sławomir Dyjak,
• Andrzej Czerwiński,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz and
• Bartłomiej Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 190–204, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.19

• PtNPs on the carbon support surface. Additionally, the EDX studies show that in the area of the edge of the carbon particles, the Pt signal is more intense, likely due to PtNPs overlapping, which looks like an agglomeration. XPS spectra in a wide binding energy range (Supporting Information File 1

Batch preparation of nanofibers containing nanoparticles by an electrospinning device with multiple air inlets

• Dong Wei,
• Chengwei Ye,
• Adnan Ahmed and
• Lan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 141–150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.15

• enabled the ZnO nanoparticles contained in the spinning solution to maintain uniform dispersion in the batch preparation process of nanofibers by means of air flow produced through multiple pores. The airflow reduces the agglomeration of nanoparticles, thus yielding nanofibers with uniform ZnO loading. In

• of nanofibers obtained at different air flow rates. When the air flow rate was 150 m3/h (Figure 3a), due to the excessive air flow, the fibers easily adhered to each other, making the average diameter of the fibers larger (746.86 ± 129.12 nm) and leading to serious agglomeration of nanoparticles in

• the fibers. When the air flow rate was 100 m3/h (Figure 3b), the adhesion between fibers was weakened, resulting in the decrease of average fiber diameter (719.28 ± 108.43 nm) and a reduction of nanoparticle agglomeration in the fibers. When the air flow rate was 50 m3/h (Figure 3c), there was almost