Colloidal few layered graphene–tannic acid preserves the biocompatibility of periodontal ligament cells

• Teissir Ben Ammar,
• Naji Kharouf,
• Dominique Vautier,
• Housseinou Ba,
• Nivedita Sudheer,
• Philippe Lavalle and
• Vincent Ball

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.51

• < 0.001) compared to the control group. Interestingly, this enhanced activity was followed by a notable decrease at 48 h (*p < 0.05). The initial increase in metabolic activity at 24 h could potentially be attributed to the TA coating on FLG particles enhancing cellular attachment. Previous research has

• recognized as a reliable metric for cellular health and substrate attachment quality [39][40]. Confocal micrographs (Figure 7A) demonstrated a well-preserved actin filament architecture across all evaluated FLG–TA concentrations (1, 25, and 200 µg·mL−1), thereby substantiating our prior assessments of

Focused ion and electron beams for synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials

• Aleksandra Szkudlarek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 613–616, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.47

• deposition techniques, this thematic issue includes studies on low-energy electron interactions with metal(II) bis(acetylacetonate) complexes [5]. Another molecule investigated for its gas-phase fragmentation mechanism via dissociative ionization and dissociative electron attachment is [Au(CH3)2Cl]2. Studies

Polyurethane/silk fibroin-based electrospun membranes for wound healing and skin substitute applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Ahsan Nazir and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 591–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.46

• electrospun membranes is rapidly increasing in the medical sector, attributed to their unique surface properties and high porosity [63][64]. Additionally, electrospun membranes can be designed to enhance critical attributes such as biocompatibility, cell attachment, nontoxicity, biomechanical strength, and

• dermal matrix [85]. In vitro studies showed that the use of electrospun silk nanofibers favors the attachment of human fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and deposition of collagen type I [86]. Silk can be processed into hydrogels, scaffolds, and films with the incorporation of bioactive factors such as growth

• were comparable to those made of sericin in their ability to promote cell attachment, physiological morphology, and growth. These findings support the idea that fibroin extracted with sericin is a suitable matrix for cell and tissue growth [98]. Silk implants with slower degradation rates or those

Electron beam-based direct writing of nanostructures using a palladium β-ketoesterate complex

• Chinmai Sai Jureddy,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Aleksandra Butrymowicz-Kubiak,
• Iwona B. Szymańska,
• Patrik Hoffmann and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 530–539, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.41

• that [Pd(hfac)2] undergoes more extensive electron-induced fragmentation than [Cu(hfac)2], producing a greater variety of dissociation products [41]. This is because the electron attachment or ionization destabilizes [Pd(hfac)2] more than [Cu(hfac)2] [51]. We consider that the similar situation holds

Synthetic-polymer-assisted antisense oligonucleotide delivery: targeted approaches for precision disease treatment

• Ana Cubillo Alvarez,
• Dylan Maguire and
• Ruairí P. Brannigan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 435–463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.34

• relative scarcity of research into poly(ʟ-ornithine) (PLO) as a transfection agent when compared to poly(ʟ-lysine) [83][84]. While PLL has a well-established track record of effectiveness in transfection, PLO has traditionally been used more for enhancing cell attachment and growth in culture rather than

• . Additionally, the attachment of hydrophobic moieties, amino acids, and small peptides to linear and branched PEI has been explored as an alternative to improve the biostability and bioavailability of cationic polyplexes while offering a targeted delivery with reduced cytotoxicity that is frequently associated

• forming complexes. Berthold et al. prepared PNA-functionalised PEI systems (branched, 25 kDa) by reacting the terminal amine groups in PEI with N-succinimidyl-3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate (SPDP) and SPDP–dPEG8–NHS (NHS = N-hydroxysuccinimide), which provide chemical handles for the reversible attachment

Biomimetics and bioinspired surfaces: from nature to theory and applications

• Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira,
• Thies H. Büscher,
• Manuela Rebora,
• Poramate Manoonpong,
• Zhendong Dai and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 418–421, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.32

• technology and new insights into the future of this field of research. Striking advance has been made regarding the study of surfaces on biological models, especially insects. For instance, insect attachment devices and adhesive secretions were thoroughly studied regarding the impact of contamination [2] and

• ageing [3]. Gorb and Gorb [2] experimentally investigated how different plant waxes affect the attachment performance of leaf beetles and how the adhesive system of these beetles are vulnerable to the shape and dimensions of wax contaminations. A study on larger insects (stick insects) with a

• considerable long-life expectancy by Grote et al. [3] focused on the structure and performance changes of the adhesive system during aging. The attachment performance of these insects decreases with increasing age, and was shown to be related to changes of the attachment pads regarding their elasticity

Development of a mucoadhesive drug delivery system and its interaction with gastric cells

• Ahmet Baki Sahin,
• Serdar Karakurt and
• Deniz Sezlev Bilecen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 371–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.28

• . The cells were seeded, incubated for one day for complete attachment, and then treated with nanoparticles for 3 days. The data is presented as percent viability, which is the proportion of metabolic activities of treatment and control group. On day 1, the viability of the EudAlg NP-treated group was

• for 1 day for complete attachment. The cells were then treated with EudAlg NPs (1 mg/mL) for 3 days. On days 1, 2, and 3, the medium was withdrawn, and colorless DMEM with 10% alamarBlue was added to each well and incubated for 1.5 h at 37 °C under 5% CO2. The optical density was measured at 570 and

Pulsed laser in liquid grafting of gold nanoparticle–carbon support composites

• Madeleine K. Wilsey,
• Teona Taseska,
• Qishen Lyu,
• Connor P. Cox and
• Astrid M. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 349–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.26

• nanoparticles with their surface attachment and solves longstanding nanoparticle adhesion and electrical contact issues. Irradiation of hydrophilic carbon fiber paper submerged in aqueous HAuCl4 solution by nanosecond laser pulses produced composites with uniform distribution of gold nanoparticles on carbon

• electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution in aqueous bicarbonate reduction. Keywords: catalysis; composite; electroreduction; gold nanoparticles; impedance; Introduction The main challenge in the manufacturing of nanocatalyst-containing electrodes is the attachment of nanoparticles on electrode supports. Nanoparticles

• attachment on a support (Figure 1). Another challenge is the resulting poor physical and electrical contact of nanoparticles on supports. Our pulsed laser grafting process overcomes these problems by directly seeding and growing nanoparticles on substrates using nanosecond laser pulses, thereby eliminating

Radiosensitizing properties of dual-functionalized carbon nanostructures loaded with temozolomide

• Radmila Milenkovska,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Petre Makreski,
• Dushko Lukarski,
• Igor Stojkovski,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska and
• Kristina Mladenovska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 229–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.18

• points to surface attachment of FA, although its physical entrapment into the tubes cannot be excluded. After incorporation of TMZ, the mean particle size was increased by 30–40 nm, suggesting again the embedment of TMZ not only into the tubes, but also on the surface of the CNs (as shown in the SEM

Synthesis and the impact of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on the viability and activity of rhizobacteria

• Bedah Rupaedah,
• Indrika Novella,
• Atiek Rostika Noviyanti,
• Diana Rakhmawaty Eddy,
• Anna Safarrida,
• Abdul Hapid,
• Zhafira Amila Haqqa,
• Suryana Suryana,
• Irwan Kurnia and
• Fathiyah Inayatirrahmi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 216–228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.17

• differences are evident between rhizobacteria and the nHA carrier material. The nHA carrier material exhibits spherical shapes, whereas Pd and Tb rhizobacteria are rod-shaped (shown by red arrows). The morphological features observed in nHA are depicted in Figure 5. The mechanism of rhizobacterial attachment

Bioinspired nanofilament coatings for scale reduction on steel

• Siad Dahir Ali,
• Mette Heidemann Rasmussen,
• Jacopo Catalano,
• Christian Husum Frederiksen and
• Tobias Weidner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 25–34, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.3

• ], and textiles [11][12][13][14][15][16] as it does not offer the hydroxy moieties used previously for direct surface polymerization. It is therefore important to carefully test the stability and attachment of any SNFs growing on steel surfaces. Mechanical scratching of the coated steel surface will

• only 4.0 ± 1.5 mg. This corresponds to a scale reduction of 75.5% by the SNF coating. Ostensibly, the non-wetting properties of the SNF films prevent attachment and growth of scale. Calcium carbonate scale formation starts with crystallization nuclei, small clusters of ions which can homogeneously form

Orientation-dependent photonic bandgaps in gold-dust weevil scales and their titania bioreplicates

• Norma Salvadores Farran,
• Limin Wang,
• Primoz Pirih and
• Bodo D. Wilts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1–10, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.1

• microscopy and spectroscopy, we used a Zeiss Axioscope 5 with an epi-illumination attachment equipped with the field and aperture stops and a linear polarizer (0–90°). The observation path included a Bertand lens and a fully rotatable linear analyzer. The objectives used were from the EC Epiplan-Neofluar

Attempts to preserve and visualize protein corona on the surface of biological nanoparticles in blood serum using photomodification

• Julia E. Poletaeva,
• Anastasiya V. Tupitsyna,
• Alina E. Grigor’eva,
• Ilya S. Dovydenko and
• Elena I. Ryabchikova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1654–1666, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.130

• formation of serum protein aggregates was not detected, PACL specifically interacted with the NP surface. It is interesting that we observed the attachment of LPs to the surface of the protein corona on model NPs [23]. We supposed that the incubation of sera with PACL followed by UV irradiation

Natural nanofibers embedded in the seed mucilage envelope: composite hydrogels with specific adhesive and frictional properties

• Agnieszka Kreitschitz and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1603–1618, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.126

• important biological functions, such as supporting seed germination, protecting seeds against pathogens and predators, and allowing the seed to attach to diverse surfaces (e.g., soil or animals). The attachment properties of mucilage are thus responsible for seed dispersal. Mucilage represents a hydrophilic

• ][28]. Hydrated mucilage can very strongly adhere to surfaces (e.g., stone or glass) when completely dried out after contact, with pull-off forces reaching values around 6.5 N [29]. Such strong adhesion can enable seed attachment to the soil, preventing removal and damage by other organisms [16][30

• transport on animals due to the presence of interlocking structures or sticky viscous substances, which allow for attachment to the animal body [118][119][121]. The mucilage envelope is one of the factors enabling short- and long-distance dispersal of diaspores. Many authors working on mucilaginous seeds

Polymer lipid hybrid nanoparticles for phytochemical delivery: challenges, progress, and future prospects

• Iqra Rahat,
• Pooja Yadav,
• Aditi Singhal,
• Mohammad Fareed,
• Jaganathan Raja Purushothaman,
• Mohammed Aslam,
• Raju Balaji,
• Sonali Patil-Shinde and
• Md. Rizwanullah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1473–1497, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.118

• ]. Once the PLHNPs are synthesized, their surface can be modified through various strategies. Figure 2 illustrates a comparison between conventional PLHNPs and surface-modified PLHNPs. The most common approach is the attachment of targeting ligands onto the PLHNPs’ surface. These ligands can include

Ion-induced surface reactions and deposition from Pt(CO)₂Cl₂ and Pt(CO)₂Br₂

• Mohammed K. Abdel-Rahman,
• Patrick M. Eckhert,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Johnathon M. Johnson,
• Jo-Chi Yu,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• D. Howard Fairbrother

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1427–1439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.115

• the metal of interest. Furthermore, as the volatile species escape the system, they can collide with adsorbed material leading to a cascade of momentum transfer events [43]. In contrast to FIBID, FEBID occurs via different electron stimulated mechanisms, namely, dissociative electron attachment (DEA

• the formation of PtCl2, although in the case of electron irradiation this initial step was ascribed to dissociative electron attachment as opposed to momentum transfer [57]: At much higher electron doses, Cl was removed by electron stimulated desorption to convert PtCl2 to Pt: However, to achieve

A biomimetic approach towards a universal slippery liquid infused surface coating

• Ryan A. Faase,
• Madeleine H. Hummel,
• AnneMarie V. Hasbrook,
• Andrew P. Carpenter and
• Joe E. Baio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1376–1389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.111

• removal and or repulsion of these important molecules that control the clotting cascade. The most prominent of the methods are ones that aim to reduce non-specific protein adsorption, increase adhesion resistance, use biomolecules to remove targets of interest, and enhance endothelial cell attachment. One

• stem from the PDA layer, while the fluorinated species can be attributed to the FDT layer covalently attached the PDA film. This covalent attachment is also confirmed by the XPS S 2p high-resolution spectra (Supporting Information File 1), which exhibited the same peak envelope across all the three

• ± 20.7 nm for SS (Supporting Information File 1, Table S1). A two-tailed t-test showed that the increase in roughness after each successive coating was significantly different compared to the previous layer, suggesting successful attachment of a porous matrix onto a variety of different substrates. The

Hymenoptera and biomimetic surfaces: insights and innovations

• Vinicius Marques Lopez,
• Carlo Polidori and
• Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1333–1352, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.107

• facilitating attachment, penetration of substrates, production of sound, perception of volatiles, and delivery of venoms, among others. These morphological features offer valuable insights for biomimetic and bioinspired technological advancements. Here, we explore the biomimetic potential of hymenopteran body

• surfaces of insects are marvels of natural engineering, displaying a remarkable array of adaptations that enable them to thrive in diverse environments [1][2][3]. Insects have developed a variety of mechanisms to cope with the challenges posed by their habitats, from specialized structures for attachment

• by numerous branched internal fibers [129]. Moreover, the pads in Hymenoptera exhibit self-cleaning capabilities [130]. The precise control of adhesive strength and contact area can inspire the development of new bioinspired surfaces that significantly reduce switching times between attachment and

Functional morphology of cleaning devices in the damselfly Ischnura elegans (Odonata, Coenagrionidae)

• Silvana Piersanti,
• Gianandrea Salerno,
• Wencke Krings,
• Stanislav Gorb and
• Manuela Rebora

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1260–1272, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.102

• the tarsi and maintaining the adhesion of attachment pads [14][15][16]. Cleaning behavior plays an exceptionally important role in social insects like ants, for example, to guarantee precise nestmate/non-nestmate discrimination [17] or in mutual grooming [18]. Additionally, grooming plays a pivotal

• in a hard base of sclerotized chitin, and ends in a soft tip, either rich in resilin or of unsclerotized chitin. A material gradient from stiff bases to soft tips has also been found in the adhesive hairs of insect leg attachment systems [38][39][54]. This gradient prevents the clustering of adhesive

• hairs, while the soft tips ensure effective contact between the attachment system and the substrate. Similarly, the material gradient in grooming devices may enhance adhesion to foreign materials for grooming body surfaces. The soft tip and soft lateral cuticular lamina adapt to various surface

Enhanced catalytic reduction through in situ synthesized gold nanoparticles embedded in glucosamine/alginate nanocomposites

• Chi-Hien Dang,
• Le-Kim-Thuy Nguyen,
• Minh-Trong Tran,
• Van-Dung Le,
• Nguyen Minh Ty,
• T. Ngoc Han Pham,
• Hieu Vu-Quang,
• Tran Thi Kim Chi,
• Tran Thi Huong Giang,
• Nguyen Thi Thanh Tu and
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1227–1237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.99

• attachment of nanoparticles to form larger aggregates, followed by coalescence [32][33]. Additionally, the morphology of AuNPs changes significantly at higher temperatures, as evidenced by a reduction in the λmax values. The optimization of reaction time was carried out within a range of 0 to 140 min. Figure

Therapeutic effect of F127-folate@PLGA/CHL/IR780 nanoparticles on folate receptor-expressing cancer cells

• Thi Ngoc Han Pham,
• Phuong-Thao Dang-Luong,
• Hong-Phuc Nguyen,
• Loc Le-Tuan,
• Xuan Thang Cao,
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen,
• Vy Tran Anh and
• Hieu Vu_Quang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 954–964, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.78

• attachment to the surface of the nanoparticles and the loosening of PLGA in the outer shell of the nanoparticles [3]. Notably, PLGA breaks down faster in an acidic environment; therefore, the medication is released more rapidly in the endosome of the cell than at a neutral pH [46]. There was a burst release

Identification of structural features of surface modifiers in engineered nanostructured metal oxides regarding cell uptake through ML-based classification

• Indrasis Dasgupta,
• Totan Das,
• Biplab Das and
• Shovanlal Gayen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 909–924, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.75

• ENMOs (monocrystalline magnetic nanoparticles having overall size of 38 nm and an average of 60 ligands per nanoparticle, indicating a consistent level of attachment across different preparations) regarding human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells (PaCa2), human umbilical vein endothelial cells

The effect of age on the attachment ability of stick insects (Phasmatodea)

• Marie Grote,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Thies H. Büscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 867–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.72

• sign of ageing is the loss of locomotory functions due to neuronal disorders or tissue wear. Soft and pliable attachment pads on the tarsi of insects adapt to the substrate texture to maximize their real contact area and, thereby, generate attachment during locomotion. In the majority of stick insects

• , adhesive microstructures covering those pads support attachment. Stick insects do not molt again after reaching the imaginal stage; hence, the cuticle of their pads is subject to continuous ageing. This study aims to quantify how attachment ability changes with age in the stick insect Sungaya aeta

• Hennemann, 2023 and elucidate the age effects on the material and microstructure of the attachment apparatus. Attachment performance (adhesion and friction forces) on substrates with different roughnesses was compared between two different age groups, and the change of attachment performance was monitored

A review on the structural characterization of nanomaterials for nano-QSAR models

• Salvador Moncho,
• Eva Serrano-Candelas,
• Jesús Vicente de Julián-Ortiz and
• Rafael Gozalbes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 854–866, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.71

• toxicity of nanoscale mixtures formed by a NM and discrete molecules or ions, which could potentially work by attachment to the surface, has been reviewed by Trinh and Kim [52]. Similarly, carbon-based nanoforms are constituted of a common carbon core, but they can have different side groups attached to

Electron-induced ligand loss from iron tetracarbonyl methyl acrylate

• Hlib Lyshchuk,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Thomas F. M. Luxford,
• Miloš Ranković,
• Jaroslav Kočišek,
• Juraj Fedor,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• Pamir Nag

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 797–807, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.66

• and support the interpretation of data by quantum chemical calculations. This way, both the dissociative ionization and dissociative electron attachment fragmentation channels are characterized. Considerable differences in the degree of precursor fragmentation in these two channels are observed

• the gas phase has been probed with respect to its dissociative ionization [10] and dissociative electron attachment [11][12]; there is even information available on its electronic excitation, which is the first step towards neutral dissociation [11]. The gas-phase studies have been complemented by

• advanced reactive force field molecular dynamics simulations [20]. Here we focus on two electron-induced dissociative channels of Fe(CO)4MA, namely, dissociative ionization and dissociative electron attachment (DEA). We focus on the electron energy range below 20 eV. Data from two complementary