Pulsed laser in liquid grafting of gold nanoparticle–carbon support composites

• Madeleine K. Wilsey,
• Teona Taseska,
• Qishen Lyu,
• Connor P. Cox and
• Astrid M. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 349–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.26

• , University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States 10.3762/bjnano.16.26 Abstract We developed a novel pulsed laser-assisted process for the fabrication of advanced composites of nonequilibrium gold nanoparticles on carbon fiber paper supports. Our one-step process integrates the generation of

• nanoparticles with their surface attachment and solves longstanding nanoparticle adhesion and electrical contact issues. Irradiation of hydrophilic carbon fiber paper submerged in aqueous HAuCl4 solution by nanosecond laser pulses produced composites with uniform distribution of gold nanoparticles on carbon

• fibers, taking advantage of the high internal surface area of carbon fiber paper. The pulsed laser-grafted composites exhibited zero measurable charge transfer resistance between gold nanoparticles and the carbon support, leading to superior cathode performance over conventionally prepared electrodes for

In situ magnesiothermic reduction synthesis of a Ge@C composite for high-performance lithium-ion batterie anodes

• Ha Tran Huu,
• Ngoc Phi Nguyen,
• Vuong Hoang Ngo,
• Huy Hoang Luc,
• Minh Kha Le,
• Minh Thu Nguyen,
• My Loan Phung Le,
• Hye Rim Kim,
• In Young Kim,
• Sung Jin Kim,
• Van Man Tran and
• Vien Vo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 751–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.62

• -cell configuration, were assembled in an argon-filled glovebox (MB 20 G, MBRAUN), with oxygen content and moisture below 1.0 ppm. A disc-shaped lithium metal foil was used as counter electrode, and a glassy carbon fiber pad soaked in 1 M electrolyte of LiPF6 in ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate

Studies of probe tip materials by atomic force microscopy: a review

• Ke Xu and
• Yuzhe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1256–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.104

• and set low amplitude points. Slattery et al. prepared cost-effective carbon nanotube-enhanced probes capable of imaging at high resolution using a stable procedure. However, variations in carbon fiber length and straightness affected the scanning performance. Grown carbon nanotube probe Compared to

Morphology-driven gas sensing by fabricated fractals: A review

• Vishal Kamathe and
• Rupali Nagar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1187–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.88

• ). The samples were used in the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide and for an optical sensor based on LSPR. Figure 22a shows the Au–Bi2O3 fractal structures and the optical sensing of formate and toluene. Figure 22b and Figure 22c show SEM images of the sample on carbon fiber paper and a glass

Progress and innovation of nanostructured sulfur cathodes and metal-free anodes for room-temperature Na–S batteries

• Marina Tabuyo-Martínez,
• Bernd Wicklein and
• Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 995–1020, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.75

• . reported on the wet impregnation of carbon fiber cloth with sulfur dissolved in CS2 [56]. The process leads to sulfur deposition within the hollow lumen of the carbon fibers as well as on the external surface as thin film. A battery assembled with a metal Na anode had a capacity of 120 mAh·g−1 after 300

• nanometric Na coatings. For instance, Zhang et al. [69] used carbon fiber paper (CFP) to grow a Na layer from a metal Na electrode (Figure 9B). In the case of carbon hosts it needs to be kept in mind that Na+ can also insert into the material as will be discussed further below. Therefore, the specific

Nanogenerator-based self-powered sensors for data collection

• Yicheng Shao,
• Maoliang Shen,
• Yuankai Zhou,
• Xin Cui,
• Lijie Li and
• Yan Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 680–693, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.54

• sensor that uses mechanical energy and biochemical energy. The fiber nanogenerator (FNG) and the fiber biofuel cell (FBFC) are fully integrated on a single carbon fiber. The FNG converts the periodically applied pressure in the liquid into an alternating current (AC) output, and the FBFC converts glucose

An advanced structural characterization of templated meso-macroporous carbon monoliths by small- and wide-angle scattering techniques

• Felix M. Badaczewski,
• Marc O. Loeh,
• Torben Pfaff,
• Dirk Wallacher,
• Daniel Clemens and
• Bernd M. Smarsly

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 310–322, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.23

• , which often exhibit a closed porosity (voids). Resins are important compounds in the production of many carbon materials, e.g., as binder matrix for carbon fiber-reinforced carbon materials (CFRC), a light-weight material with excellent mechanical properties even at high temperatures. Upon heat

Concurrent nanoscale surface etching and SnO₂ loading of carbon fibers for vanadium ion redox enhancement

• Jun Maruyama,
• Shohei Maruyama,
• Tomoko Fukuhara,
• Toru Nagaoka and
• Kei Hanafusa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 985–992, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.99

• redox reactions of electrolyte ions are required to produce efficient and low-cost redox flow batteries (RFBs). Carbon-fiber electrodes are widely used in various types of RFBs and surface oxidation is commonly performed to enhance the redox reactions, although it is not necessarily efficient. Quite

• recently, a technique for nanoscale and uniform surface etching of the carbon fiber surface was developed and a significant enhancement of the negative electrode reaction of vanadium redox flow batteries was attained, although the enhancement was limited to the positive electrode reaction. In this study

• , we attempted to obtain an additional enhancement effect of metal-oxide nanoparticles without the need for further processing steps. A coating with carbonaceous thin films was obtained coating by sublimation, deposition, and pyrolysis of tin(II) phthalocyanine (SnPc) on a carbon fiber surface in a

An iridescent film of porous anodic aluminum oxide with alternatingly electrodeposited Cu and SiO₂ nanoparticles

• Menglei Chang,
• Huawen Hu,
• Haiyan Quan,
• Hongyang Wei,
• Zhangyi Xiong,
• Jiacong Lu,
• Pin Luo,
• Yaoheng Liang,
• Jianzhen Ou and
• Dongchu Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 735–745, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.73

• could be generated with the variation of the incident light angle, satisfying the requirements for optical anti-counterfeiting applications [32]. A self-made electrophoresis-based deposition device was also adopted to deposit negatively charged PS spheres onto the surface of a carbon fiber using a

• stainless steel tube and a carbon fiber as the anode and cathode under the action of a circular electric field, respectively, resulting in a cylindrical fibrous structure. The control over the electrodeposition voltage and time allowed for the fabrication of fibers with different thicknesses, and the

A review of carbon-based and non-carbon-based catalyst supports for the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide

• Shahreen Binti Izwan Anthonysamy,
• Syahidah Binti Afandi,
• Mehrnoush Khavarian and
• Abdul Rahman Bin Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 740–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.68

Engineering of oriented carbon nanotubes in composite materials

• Razieh Beigmoradi,
• Abdolreza Samimi and
• Davod Mohebbi-Kalhori

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 415–435, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.41

• electric field which moves the CNTs, the magnetic field only reorients them. This method is not limited to CNTs and can be used to align any carbon fiber. Figure 19 indicates the SEM image of the arranged CNTs in ethanol. In this study, the magnetic field magnitude was 10 T [108]. Although magnetic field

Enhancement of mechanical and electrical properties of continuous-fiber-reinforced epoxy composites with stacked graphene

• Naum Naveh,
• Olga Shepelev and
• Samuel Kenig

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1909–1918, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.191

• from Bayer)), octylphenol ethoxylate (Triton X-100, HLB = 13.5, and Triton X-15, HLB = 4.9), as well as 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MEMO) and (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GLYMO) (Sigma-Aldrich); fabrics used: 3k carbon fiber of plain weave, 200 g/m2 (Primetex ZB type 43199 from

• formulation (by weight) was as follows: epoxy: 100 parts; SAA: 1 pph; expanded graphite (EG): 2.5 pph (or 2.1 wt %); hardener TETA: 14.1 pph. Fabrication of composite materials Composite laminates were prepared using carbon fiber (CF) fabric, Kevlar fabric alone or a combination of CF/Kevlar combinations, and

• achieved with Kevlar/epoxy/SG. Thus, the volume resistivity is not expected to decrease, yet the surface resistivities are reduced by the effect of SG in the matrix and reach lower values than their Kevlar/epoxy/SG counterparts, probably due to dispersion of some carbon fiber fraction in the resin during

Preparation of thick silica coatings on carbon fibers with fine-structured silica nanotubes induced by a self-assembly process

• Benjamin Baumgärtner,
• Hendrik Möller,
• Thomas Neumann and
• Dirk Volkmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1145–1155, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.116

• carbon fibers with a silica shell is presented in this work. By immobilizing linear polyamines on the carbon fiber surface, the high catalytic activity of polyamines in the sol–gel-processing of silica precursors is used to deposit a silica coating directly on the fiber’s surface. The surface

• localization of the catalyst is achieved either by attaching short-chain polyamines (e.g., tetraethylenepentamine) via covalent bonds to the carbon fiber surface or by depositing long-chain polyamines (e.g., linear poly(ethylenimine)) on the carbon fiber by weak non-covalent bonding. The long-chain polyamine

• self-assembles onto the carbon fiber substrate in the form of nanoscopic crystallites, which serve as a template for the subsequent silica deposition. The silicification at close to neutral pH is spatially restricted to the localized polyamine and consequently to the fiber surface. In case of the

Reasons and remedies for the agglomeration of multilayered graphene and carbon nanotubes in polymers

• Rasheed Atif and
• Fawad Inam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1174–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.109

• in 1994 by Ajayan et al. [140]. Tomohiro et al. modified carbon-fiber reinforced epoxy composite with length-controlled cup-stacked CNTs and determined the mechanical properties [141]. Auad et al. produced SWNT–epoxy elastomers and showed that the nanocomposites had superior damping capacity in an

From lithium to sodium: cell chemistry of room temperature sodium–air and sodium–sulfur batteries

• Philipp Adelhelm,
• Pascal Hartmann,
• Conrad L. Bender,
• Martin Busche,
• Christine Eufinger and
• Juergen Janek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1016–1055, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.105

Materials and characterization techniques for high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

• Roswitha Zeis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 68–83, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.8

• utilized carbon paper as the GDL material. The rigid carbon fiber penetrated the soft membrane material, which resulted in small pinholes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed broken GDL fibers piercing into the membrane and confirmed the observation made by X-ray tomography. The same

Experimental techniques for the characterization of carbon nanoparticles – a brief overview

• Wojciech Kempiński,
• Szymon Łoś,
• Mateusz Kempiński and
• Damian Markowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1760–1766, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.186

• well-defined nanoparticle powders were comprised of separated CNs and a fiber formed by randomly connected CNs, referred to as the activated carbon fiber herein. With a comprehensive study of such systems, comprising the research of host–guest interactions of CNs with different molecules, the problem

Pyrite nanoparticles as a Fenton-like reagent for in situ remediation of organic pollutants

• Carolina Gil-Lozano,
• Elisabeth Losa-Adams,
• Alfonso F.-Dávila and
• Luis Gago-Duport

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 855–864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.97

• amperometric microsensor (ISO-HPO-100, World Precision Instruments, Inc.). These sensors contain a flexible, activated carbon-fiber sensing electrode coated with a proprietary membrane that enhances the low detection limit (LDL) of H2O2 to a value of 10 nM (ten times lower than in the bare Pt electrode; LDL