Enhancing mechanical properties of chitosan/PVA electrospun nanofibers: a comprehensive review

• Nur Areisman Mohd Salleh,
• Amalina Muhammad Afifi,
• Fathiah Mohamed Zuki and
• Hanna Sofia SalehHudin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 286–307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.22

• nanofibers provide topographic guidance to cells, promoting cell adhesion, proliferation, and migration. Most importantly, aligned fibers are a prominent type of nanofiber that closely mimics the fibers in the ECM of native tissue [194]. Radially aligned nanofiber patches of chitosan/PVA with thyme essential

• is needed to address this limitation. This method should not only support cell spreading, cell adhesion, and ECM synthesis but also

Recent advances in photothermal nanomaterials for ophthalmic applications

• Jiayuan Zhuang,
• Linhui Jia,
• Chenghao Li,
• Rui Yang,
• Jiapeng Wang,
• Wen-an Wang,
• Heng Zhou and
• Xiangxia Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 195–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.16

• , aiding in the precise identification of treated areas. Au nanorods, when combined with anti-epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), accurately target EpCAM+Y79 retinoblastoma cancer cells [108]. The targeted cells are deemed to be destroyed by VNBs induced by optimally parameterized femtosecond

Realizing active targeting in cancer nanomedicine with ultrasmall nanoparticles

• André F. Lima,
• Giselle Z. Justo and
• Alioscka A. Sousa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1208–1226, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.98

• experiences reduced interference from autofluorescence and photon scattering in tissues. The authors further conjugated the AuNCs with an antibody against the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (CD326), a well-known marker for various human carcinomas. Conjugation was achieved through host–guest complexation

Synthesis, characterization and anticancer effect of doxorubicin-loaded dual stimuli-responsive smart nanopolymers

• Ömür Acet,
• Pavel Kirsanov,
• Burcu Önal Acet,
• Inessa Halets-Bui,
• Dzmitry Shcharbin,
• Şeyda Ceylan Cömert and
• Mehmet Odabaşı

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1189–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.96

• onto clear 96-well plates at a concentration of 1 × 105 cells/mL in a volume of 100 µL of cell suspension in fresh complete culture medium (DMEM with stable glutamine, 4.5 g/L glucose, 10% FBS, 100 U/mL penicillin, and 0.1 mg/mL streptomycin). The cells were preincubated for 24 h for cell adhesion and

Electrospun nanofibers: building blocks for the repair of bone tissue

• Tuğrul Mert Serim,
• Gülin Amasya,
• Tuğba Eren-Böncü,
• Ceyda Tuba Şengel-Türk and
• Ayşe Nurten Özdemir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 941–953, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.77

• superiorities. Their unique characteristics that distinguish them from other scaffolds and pharmaceutical forms also constitute their main advantages: (i) Their network nature mimics the natural extracellular matrix. In this way, nanofibrous scaffolds provide a higher level of cell adhesion, differentiation

Radiofrequency enhances drug release from responsive nanoflowers for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy

• Yanyan Wen,
• Ningning Song,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Weiwei Wu,
• Qixiong Lin,
• Minjie Cui,
• Rongrong Li,
• Qiufeng Yu,
• Sixue Wu,
• Yongkang Liang,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 569–579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.49

• downregulating the expression of VEGFs and the endothelial cell adhesion molecule CD31 [16]. However, disadvantages of CUR include its poor stability, rapid metabolism, and low solubility, which limits its application [17][18][19][20]. To address the aforementioned challenges, intelligent delivery systems have

Cholesterol nanoarchaeosomes for alendronate targeted delivery as an anti-endothelial dysfunction agent

• Horacio Emanuel Jerez,
• Yamila Roxana Simioni,
• Kajal Ghosal,
• Maria Jose Morilla and
• Eder Lilia Romero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 517–534, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.46

• ]. Recent studies have also shown that ALN has a direct anti-inflammatory effect on endothelial cells. It reduces LPS-induced activation in terms of expression of cell adhesion molecules to leukocytes and increases the production of nitric oxide, reducing platelet activation [12]. According to the

• findings show that the co-culture of HUVECs with macrophages decreases the expression of eNOS [62], making them more likely to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-8 and to express cell adhesion molecules, that is, making them more activated and pro-atherogenic [63]. Overall, the results

Recent progress in cancer cell membrane-based nanoparticles for biomedical applications

• Qixiong Lin,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Yanyan Wen,
• Xiaoqiong Li,
• Donglian Du,
• Weibin Dai,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 262–279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.24

• closely associated with membrane-associated components such as syndecan-1 [50], vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and activated leukocyte cellular adhesion molecule (ALCAM) [51]. In a study on the ability of cancer cell membranes to penetrate the BBB, NPs coated with cell membranes from melanoma

Biomimetic chitosan with biocomposite nanomaterials for bone tissue repair and regeneration

• Se-Kwon Kim,
• Sesha Subramanian Murugan,
• Pandurang Appana Dalavi,
• Sebanti Gupta,
• Sukumaran Anil,
• Gi Hun Seong and
• Jayachandran Venkatesan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1051–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.92

• oxide, zinc oxide, carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, and biosilica was developed to improve bone scaffolds for better bone tissue repair and regeneration [11]. In tissue engineering applications, nanoscale topological characteristics influence cell adhesion, survival, proliferation, and differentiation

• mechanical strength and cell adhesion. Importantly, the developed biocomposites have excellent antimicrobial activity [111]. AgNP-loaded fibrillar collagen–chitosan matrix was used for further biomineralisation using a simulated body fluid (SBF) solution. The developed composites show better mineralisation

• with an average of 73.06 ± 21.13 μm. In vitro biological assays were carried out with MC3T3-E1 cells. Biological assays reveal that the developed scaffold promotes cell adhesion and proliferation. Also, enhancement in alkaline phosphatase, inducement of mineralisation, and upregulation of osteogenic

Bioselectivity of silk protein-based materials and their bio-inspired applications

• Hendrik Bargel,
• Vanessa T. Trossmann,
• Christoph Sommer and
• Thomas Scheibel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 902–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.81

• bioselectivity. Keywords: antifouling; bacteriostatic; biofouling; bioselective cell adhesion; spider silk protein; Review 1 Introduction 1.1 Bioadhesive protein surfaces Biological adhesion is important for all organisms such as plants, animals, bacteria, and fungi, covering a wide range of biological aspects

• ), integrins, and others such as mucins. Moreover, certain enzymes such as the vascular adhesion protein 1 (VAP-1) are known to be involved in cell adhesion [11][12]. The distinction of CAM subcategories reflects both structural differences as well as binding to different ligands. Cadherins, selectins, and

• members of the IgSF are known to mediate cell–cell adhesion, while integrins typically bind to extracellular matrix proteins [12]. As a special case, immune cell integrins also bind to ligands both soluble and on other cells. Additional classification of the CAMs relates to their ligands and type of

Effects of substrate stiffness on the viscoelasticity and migration of prostate cancer cells examined by atomic force microscopy

• Xiaoqiong Tang,
• Yan Zhang,
• Jiangbing Mao,
• Yuhua Wang,
• Zhenghong Zhang,
• Zhengchao Wang and
• Hongqin Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 560–569, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.47

• imaging of the cell membrane. We observed that prostate cancer cells exhibit a strong migration ability by sensing changes in the extracellular environment through actin polymerization and filamentous pseudopods. This is because the role of actin polymerisation in cell adhesion structure formation

• deformation [38][39]) the energy dissipation was mainly caused by cell adhesion, which was a certain separation between the approach and retraction curves (Figure 5c). The results showed a negative correlation between viscosity values and substrate stiffness in PC-3 cells: the higher the substrate stiffness

• . Non-muscle myosin II B (NMIIB) has been reported to regulate the generation and distribution of intracellular traction during basal stiffness-induced cell migration, thereby influencing cell motility by altering cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix [43]. Our study demonstrates that the altered

Ethosomal (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate as a novel approach to enhance antioxidant, anti-collagenase and anti-elastase effects

• Çiğdem Yücel,
• Gökçe Şeker Karatoprak,
• Sena Yalçıntaş and
• Tuğba Eren Böncü

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 491–502, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.41

• cytotoxicity experiments, the MTT colorimetric assay was used [24]. Suspensions of L929 cells (100 μL, 2.5 × 104 cells/well) were seeded onto 96-well culture plates which were kept at 37 °C for 24 h for cell adhesion [43]. The cells were treated with different EGCG solutions (31.25–1000 µg/mL) and EGCG-loaded

Micro- and nanotechnology in biomedical engineering for cartilage tissue regeneration in osteoarthritis

• Zahra Nabizadeh,
• Mahmoud Nasrollahzadeh,
• Hamed Daemi,
• Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad,
• Ali Akbar Shabani,
• Mehdi Dadashpour,
• Majid Mirmohammadkhani and
• Davood Nasrabadi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 363–389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.31

• ) (PLGA) microspheres coated with TGF-β3 loaded heparin/poly(ʟ-lysine) NPs showed extended growth factor release for 28 days and were found to be excellent structures for cell adhesion and chondrogenic differentiation [27]. Apart from serving as cell adhesion platforms and growth factor supplements

• traditionally incorporated in scaffolds to provide proper cell–matrix interactions for tissue regeneration [149]. Among these, cell adhesion motifs including RGD peptide and fibronectin fragments at the nanoscale are widely used to enhance the cell motility and adhesion functionality of hydrogels [178]. For

• example, a study of the effect of RGD on cell adhesion using nanopatterned RGD-conjugated polyamidoamine dendrimers has shown that the cell adhesion efficiency is directly related to the density of nanopatterned RGD [150]. Interestingly, the evaluation of the impact of RGD dendrimers on the chondrogenic

Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications

• Padmavati Sahare,
• Paulina Govea Alvarez,
• Juan Manual Sanchez Yanez,
• Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas,
• Samik Chakraborty,
• Sujay Paul and
• Miriam Estevez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15

• rejection [11]. TiO2 nanomaterials with tailored porosity have already been developed as an alternative orthopedic implantation material as they support cell adhesion, viability, growth, and differentiation, which are favorable in bone tissue growth and biological implant fixation [12]. Moreover, to

• affinities for the nanoparticle surface or the corona. Recently, Zhongru Gou et al. investigated the amount and type of cell adhesion-related proteins (such as fibronectin, vitronectin, and laminin) from serum adsorbed on titanium nanotube arrays. Their findings suggest that all the abovementioned proteins

• got adsorbed on the nanotube surface and that the nanotopography plays an important role in their selective adsorption and maintenance of biological function [34]. It has been reported that the small size of the nanotubes seems to speed up cell adhesion by providing an effective length scale for

The nanomorphology of cell surfaces of adhered osteoblasts

• Christian Voelkner,
• Mirco Wendt,
• Regina Lange,
• Max Ulbrich,
• Martina Gruening,
• Susanne Staehlke,
• Barbara Nebe,
• Ingo Barke and
• Sylvia Speller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 242–256, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.20

• capability of apical membrane features and fluctuation dynamics in aiding the assessment of adhesion and migration properties on a single-cell basis. Keywords: cell adhesion; membrane fluctuations; osteoblast; plasma membrane nanomorphology; scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM); Introduction

• adhesion interface areas are desired. Regarding this, a variety of surface coatings was assessed. Relevant parameters may be the zeta potential and pre-adsorbed cell adhesion proteins from the serum of the medium [4][10]. Before osteoblasts start the adhesion and spreading programs, they settle on the

Cardiomyocyte uptake mechanism of a hydroxyapatite nanoparticle mediated gene delivery system

• Hiroaki Komuro,
• Masahiro Yamazoe,
• Kosuke Nozaki,
• Akiko Nagai and
• Tetsuo Sasano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1685–1692, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.150

• 25 μg/mL fibronectin solution (Wako) prepared in a 0.02% gelatin solution (Wako) in order to increase cell adhesion. The cells were grown in a humidified incubator at 37 °C containing 5% CO2. Cytotoxicity assay The cytotoxicity of HAp/pDNA complexes or endocytosis inhibitors was verified by an MTT

Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery

• Varsha Sharma and
• Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 508–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.41

• application in implants or tissue engineering. Another strategy for biomolecular functionalization is covalently linking the receptor specific ligands to one of the layer components that are known to interact with cancer cell receptors. For instance, the improved cell adhesion and proliferation was observed

Fully amino acid-based hydrogel as potential scaffold for cell culturing and drug delivery

• Dávid Juriga,
• Evelin Sipos,
• Orsolya Hegedűs,
• Gábor Varga,
• Miklós Zrínyi,
• Krisztina S. Nagy and
• Angéla Jedlovszky-Hajdú

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2579–2593, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.249

• is that it can partially decrease the anionic character of aspartic acid. In addition, LYS also facilitates the electrostatic interaction between anionic plasma membrane sites and cationic polymer sites. Therefore, it supports cell adhesion and proliferation [47]. The swelling, mechanical and

• viability of the growth of PDLCs on the different hydrogels was tested (Figure 6a). After one day of cell growth, the highest cell viability index (referring to the highest cell adhesion) was measured on the 100CYS-LYS gel, which does not contain any LYS at all, only the redox sensitive cross-linker CYS. On

• hydrogel. The presence of thiol groups supports cell adhesion and proliferation as we showed previously. Therefore, the higher the density of CYS in the polymer matrix, the higher is the viability of the cells [25]. In the literature, several articles can be found about the effect of poly-ʟ-lysine on cell

Mannosylated brush copolymers based on poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(ε-caprolactone) as multivalent lectin-binding nanomaterials

• Stefania Ordanini,
• Wanda Celentano,
• Anna Bernardi and
• Francesco Cellesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2192–2206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.212

• : atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP); glycopolymer; lectin; poly(ethylene glycol); poly(ε-caprolactone); ring-opening polymerization (ROP); Introduction Carbohydrate–protein interactions are involved in many biological processes, including cell recognition and cell–cell adhesion. These

Effects of gold and PCL- or PLLA-coated silica nanoparticles on brain endothelial cells and the blood–brain barrier

• Aniela Bittner,
• Angélique D. Ducray,
• Hans Rudolf Widmer,
• Michael H. Stoffel and
• Meike Mevissen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 941–954, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.95

• after exposure to PCL-, PLLA- or Au-NPs compared to non-exposed controls (Figure 6A,B). β-Catenin, the key player in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, has been demonstrated to regulate and coordinate cell–cell adhesion by formation and stabilization of adherens and tight junctions [26]. The active

Biocompatible organic–inorganic hybrid materials based on nucleobases and titanium developed by molecular layer deposition

• Leva Momtazi,
• Henrik H. Sønsteby and
• Ola Nilsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 399–411, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.39

• where interaction with the surrounding tissue is controlled at the surface of the material, whereas load is governed by bulk properties. The surface of a material is responsible for interactions with the surrounding tissue by directing protein absorption, which in turn controls cell adhesion and

• by our characterization of density and index of refraction of the films, even after leaching. We have recently compared the bioactivity of these films by growth of goblet cells showing comparable cell adhesion, viability and proliferation as anatase TiO2, however, all being significantly better than

Cytotoxicity of doxorubicin-conjugated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide]-modified γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles towards human tumor cells

• Zdeněk Plichta,
• Yulia Kozak,
• Rostyslav Panchuk,
• Viktoria Sokolova,
• Matthias Epple,
• Lesya Kobylinska,
• Pavla Jendelová and
• Daniel Horák

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2533–2545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.236

• , however, still under study. It can be concluded that the newly designed γ-Fe2O3@P(HPMA-MMAA)-Dox nanoparticles are highly promising for the delivery of cancer medications into tumors, offering enhanced cell adhesion, increased apoptosis, minimal immunogenicity, lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and reduced

High-throughput micro-nanostructuring by microdroplet inkjet printing

• Hendrikje R. Neumann and
• Christine Selhuber-Unkel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2372–2380, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.222

• BCML can be biofunctionalized such that they serve as biomimetic anchorage sites for cell adhesion molecules, whereby their spacing has been shown to be highly decisive for cell adhesion [14]. Still, the anchorage site spacing required for cell adhesion depends on the chemistry of a particular adhesion

• ligand [15]. It has even been reported that cells can respond to differences in ligand spacing as small as 1 nm across the cell diameter [16]. Therefore, the fabrication of complex patterns of gold nanoparticles is highly relevant in the context of the biomimicry of cell adhesion environments. Whereas

Biomimetic and biodegradable cellulose acetate scaffolds loaded with dexamethasone for bone implants

• Aikaterini-Rafailia Tsiapla,
• Varvara Karagkiozaki,
• Veroniki Bakola,
• Foteini Pappa,
• Panagiota Gkertsiou,
• Eleni Pavlidou and
• Stergios Logothetidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1986–1994, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.189

• . Cytotoxicity studies were performed by using MTT assay, methylene-blue staining and SEM fixation and showed very good cell adhesion and proliferation, indicating the cytocompatibility of these fibrous scaffolds. Drug-release kinetics was measured for the evaluation of a controllable and sustained release of

Preparation of micro/nanopatterned gelatins crosslinked with genipin for biocompatible dental implants

• Reika Makita,
• Tsukasa Akasaka,
• Seiichi Tamagawa,
• Yasuhiro Yoshida,
• Saori Miyata,
• Hirofumi Miyaji and
• Tsutomu Sugaya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1735–1754, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.165

• of the surface of biomaterials. Surface topographical patterns significantly affect cell adhesion, spreading, morphology, proliferation, and differentiation [1][2][3][4][5]. Surfaces with specific micro/nanopatterns have been developed in order to reduce platelet response [6], to regulate stem cell

• shapes, using genipin crosslinking, can easily fabricate “sharp” patterns that can control the morphology and vinculin expression of cells grown on these surfaces. This control of cell shape and vinculin expression by patterning is known to be able to control cell adhesion, function, and differentiation