Enhancing mechanical properties of chitosan/PVA electrospun nanofibers: a comprehensive review

• Nur Areisman Mohd Salleh,
• Amalina Muhammad Afifi,
• Fathiah Mohamed Zuki and
• Hanna Sofia SalehHudin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 286–307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.22

• atom backbone ensures chemical stability and compatibility with diverse environments. Figure 3 shows the chemical structure of PVA. PVA is known for its biodegradability, allowing it to disintegrate in both aerobic and anaerobic environments. This feature is crucial for industries concerned about the

Emerging strategies in the sustainable removal of antibiotics using semiconductor-based photocatalysts

• Yunus Ahmed,
• Keya Rani Dutta,
• Parul Akhtar,
• Md. Arif Hossen,
• Md. Jahangir Alam,
• Obaid A. Alharbi,
• Hamad AlMohamadi and
• Abdul Wahab Mohammad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 264–285, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.21

• , including biochar, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), functionalized mesoporous silica, porous organic polymers, zeolite, and derivatives of graphene. These substances act as a support for metal oxides and immobilize the catalyst, increase the catalyst surface area, and improve the chemical stability

• bandgap of 2.77 eV. The research community has shown significant interest in zero-dimensional Bi2WO6 quantum dots and one-dimensional Bi2WO6 nanofibers. Bismuth tungstate exhibits excellent thermal and chemical stability in addition to its activity in visible light. It is typically synthesized through

Modeling and simulation of carbon-nanocomposite-based gas sensors

• Roopa Hegde,
• Punya Prabha V,
• Shipra Upadhyay and
• Krishna S B

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 90–96, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.9

• nanocomposites, like high surface area, excellent electrical conductivity, and chemical stability, make them ideal candidates for the development of high-performance CO gas sensors. Carbon-nanocomposite gas sensors find their application in detecting pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2

Electrochemical nanostructured CuBTC/FeBTC MOF composite sensor for enrofloxacin detection

• Thi Kim Ngan Nguyen,
• Tien Dat Doan,
• Huy Hieu Luu,
• Hoang Anh Nguyen,
• Thi Thu Ha Vu,
• Quang Hai Tran,
• Ha Tran Nguyen,
• Thanh Binh Dang,
• Thi Hai Yen Pham and
• Mai Ha Hoang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1522–1535, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.120

• material for electrochemical sensor applications because of their high loading quantity and surface area, defined structures, and chemical stability [19][20]. Since the first report by Yaghi and his group in 1994 [21], MOFs have attracted great attention. The first publication related to a fluorescent

Polymer lipid hybrid nanoparticles for phytochemical delivery: challenges, progress, and future prospects

• Iqra Rahat,
• Pooja Yadav,
• Aditi Singhal,
• Mohammad Fareed,
• Jaganathan Raja Purushothaman,
• Mohammed Aslam,
• Raju Balaji,
• Sonali Patil-Shinde and
• Md. Rizwanullah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1473–1497, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.118

• short half-life. Additionally, CUR is photosensitive and has limited chemical stability during manufacturing and storage [80][81]. To overcome these limitations, Kumar et al. developed CUR-encapsulated PLHNPs and evaluated their anticancer activity against MCF-7 cells [82]. The developed CUR-PLHNPs

Green synthesis of carbon dot structures from Rheum Ribes and Schottky diode fabrication

• Muhammed Taha Durmus and
• Ebru Bozkurt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1369–1375, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.110

• nanostructures are carbon dot structures (CDs). These structures have recently become a common field of study because of their properties including chemical stability, water solubility, and easy synthesis and functionalization. Carbon dots, were first discovered by Xu and his working group [1] while purifying

Elastic modulus of β-Ga₂O₃ nanowires measured by resonance and three-point bending techniques

• Annamarija Trausa,
• Sven Oras,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Tauno Tiirats,
• Andreas Kyritsakis,
• Boris Polyakov and
• Edgars Butanovs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 704–712, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.58

• chemical stability [4][5]. Ga2O3 is a promising candidate for visible-blind UV-light sensors [3], power devices and optoelectronics [6][7][8][9], gas sensors [10], and memory devices [8]. These applications can be scaled down to the nanoscale, including flexible nanodevices. Ga2O3 nanowires (NWs) could be

Exfoliation of titanium nitride using a non-thermal plasma process

• Priscila Jussiane Zambiazi,
• Dolores Ribeiro Ricci Lazar,
• Larissa Otubo,
• Rodrigo Fernando Brambilla de Souza,
• Almir Oliveira Neto and
• Cecilia Chaves Guedes-Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 631–637, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.53

• from graphene, prominent 2D vdW materials include hexagonal boron nitride, transition metal dichalcogenides, talc nanoflakes, and black phosphorus [2][3][4]. However, because of the inherent chemical stability of 2D vdW materials under ambient conditions, researchers have also turned their attention to

Nanoarchitectonics of photothermal materials to enhance the sensitivity of lateral flow assays

• Elangovan Sarathkumar,
• Rajasekharan S. Anjana and
• Ramapurath S. Jayasree

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 988–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.82

• than spherical nanoparticles [62][64][67]. It was also shown that gold nanobipyramids have a more adjustable absorption wavelength and higher chemical stability than other gold nanostructures, which makes them suitable candidates for photothermal therapy [67]. Another well-known nanomaterial with

N-Heterocyclic carbene-based gold etchants

• Robert B. Chevalier,
• Justin Pantano,
• Matthew K. Kiesewetter and
• Jason R. Dwyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 865–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.71

• , for example, are often proposed as a candidate with advantageous chemical stability [16]. The choice of the preparative route of the monolayers remains far less uniform than in the domain of thiol SAM formation, including solution-based approaches and melt-induced film formation [13][14][15][19]. In

A graphene quantum dots–glassy carbon electrode-based electrochemical sensor for monitoring malathion

• Sanju Tanwar,
• Aditi Sharma and
• Dhirendra Mathur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 701–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.56

• application of electrochemical methods in detection of pesticides has already been extensively studied [9][10][11][12][13]. Nanomaterials are ideal for electrochemical sensing because of their unique properties such as high chemical stability, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and large surface

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo,
• Saba Derakhshan Oskouei and
• Mustafa Gazi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52

• of their exceptionally high thermal and electrical conductivities, effective catalytic properties, high chemical stability, rapid rate of electron transfer, adequate surface area, and favourable piezoelectric, electronic and gravimetric properties, metal and metal oxide materials with sizes less than

• structure. However, the chemical stability of the older MOFs was not very good, especially those that contained pure tetrahedral divalent metal units. However, an incredibly stable and highly functional MOF was published in 1999 by Yaghi and co-workers [79], and several other MOFs have been synthesized and

Mixed oxides with corundum-type structure obtained from recycling can seals as paint pigments: color stability

• Dienifer F. L. Horsth,
• Julia de O. Primo,
• Nayara Balaba,
• Fauze J. Anaissi and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 467–477, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.37

• dispersion was applied on plaster specimens by painting two coats of paint according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Color stability The chemical stability test was carried out in acidic and alkaline environments using desiccators as a controlled experimental environment. A petri dish was placed in each

Conjugated photothermal materials and structure design for solar steam generation

• Chia-Yang Lin and
• Tsuyoshi Michinobu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 454–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.36

• PDA as a PTM to improve the chemical stability and light absorption ability [49]. The Ni1Co3@PDA was dispersed onto the surface of a round commercial sponge by drop casting. The photothermal performance of the Ni1Co3@PDA deposited on the sponge was then evaluated using a kerosene lamp-like setup

• materials, because low cost, reusability, chemical stability, and mass production will be required in the future. Furthermore, by designing the evaporator, it can be applied to various fields, such as seawater desalination, sterilization, and power generation. There is still room for research on how to

Evaluation of electrosynthesized reduced graphene oxide–Ni/Fe/Co-based (oxy)hydroxide catalysts towards the oxygen evolution reaction

• Karolina Cysewska,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Marcin Zając,
• Jakub Karczewski,
• Piotr Jasiński and
• Sebastian Molin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 420–433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.34

• different kinds of conductive carbon materials [14][15][16][17][18]. Recently, graphene (Gr)/graphene oxide (GO) has attracted the attention of many researchers due to its high surface area, significant chemical stability, high electrical conductivity, and high mechanical strength [12][19]. Combining a

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

• aspects of PPT energy conversion (which influence material selection and design), studies on different classes and morphologies of nanomaterials that have been investigated for different applications of PT conversion, and the thermal and chemical stability of PT nanomaterials, which need to be considered

•  15. Au nanoparticles have been extensively used for PT applications because of the possible intricate control of morphology (and hence absorbance), the chemical stability, and the obvious plasmon-enhanced heat transfer that does not occur in low-cost, yet ineffective, non-plasmonic materials such as

A novel approach to pulsed laser deposition of platinum catalyst on carbon particles for use in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

• Bogusław Budner,
• Wojciech Tokarz,
• Sławomir Dyjak,
• Andrzej Czerwiński,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz and
• Bartłomiej Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 190–204, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.19

• applications. The method developed still requires additional investigations on production scalability, repeatability, and automation of the Pt deposition process. It is also crucial to test the chemical stability of the material in the working polymer fuel cell system over a long period. Experimental Materials

Photoelectrochemical water oxidation over TiO₂ nanotubes modified with MoS₂ and g-C₃N₄

• Phuong Hoang Nguyen,
• Thi Minh Cao,
• Tho Truong Nguyen,
• Hien Duy Tong and
• Viet Van Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1541–1550, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.127

• semiconductors, TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNAs) of 2–100 nm in diameter and 1–2 μm in length, are often used for efficient PEC applications exploiting advantages such as chemical stability, less toxicity and suitable cost [18][19][20][21]. However, there are two disadvantages affecting directly their photocatalytic

Rapid fabrication of MgO@g-C₃N₄ heterojunctions for photocatalytic nitric oxide removal

• Minh-Thuan Pham,
• Duyen P. H. Tran,
• Xuan-Thanh Bui and
• Sheng-Jie You

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1141–1154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.96

• pollutants with light under ambient conditions [10]. Due to its unique properties, such as high chemical stability and low synthesis cost, graphitic carbon nitride has attracted considerable attention in the realm of environmental remediation [11][12][13]. It is an organic semiconductor that effectively

Electrocatalytic oxygen reduction activity of AgCoCu oxides on reduced graphene oxide in alkaline media

• Iyyappan Madakannu,
• Indrajit Patil,
• Bhalchandra Kakade and
• Kasibhatta Kumara Ramanatha Datta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1020–1029, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.89

• electrocatalysts [14][18][19]. Oxophilicity, agglomeration, and poor chemical stability of Ag require the amalgamation of Ag with other metals for a better optical and catalytic activity [20]. Chen et al. synthesised Ag nanoscale alloys containing metals such as copper, cobalt, iron, and indium via pulse film

Bioselectivity of silk protein-based materials and their bio-inspired applications

• Hendrik Bargel,
• Vanessa T. Trossmann,
• Christoph Sommer and
• Thomas Scheibel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 902–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.81

• epidermis [126]. Strikingly, silk materials from silkworms and spiders share a set of highly interesting properties, including mechanical and chemical stability, biocompatibility for mammalian cells and tissues, persistence against microbial degradation and, moreover, potential microbe-repellent and

Nanoarchitectonics of the cathode to improve the reversibility of Li–O₂ batteries

• Hien Thi Thu Pham,
• Jonghyeok Yun,
• So Yeun Kim,
• Sang A Han,
• Jung Ho Kim,
• Jong-Won Lee and
• Min-Sik Park

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 689–698, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.61

• ][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. In particular, zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), in which metal ions are coordinated by 2-methylimidazolate linkers, have shown some initial promise in terms of porosity and chemical stability [30][31][32][33][34]. In practice, ZIF-8 and ZIF-67 (in which the

Zinc oxide nanostructures for fluorescence and Raman signal enhancement: a review

• Ioana Marica,
• Fran Nekvapil,
• Maria Ștefan,
• Cosmin Farcău and
• Alexandra Falamaș

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 472–490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.40

• morphologies that can be used in combination with noble metals, but also its biocompatibility, photocatalytic self-cleaning capability, and high chemical stability. The SERS effect occurs through the electromagnetic enhancement from the excitation of plasmon resonances in metallic nanoparticles and the

• properties including a high refractive index, which can confine the excitation light in order to enhance the SERS effect, various types of tuneable morphologies that can be used in combination with noble metals, but also its biocompatibility, photocatalytic self-cleaning capability, and high chemical

• stability, to name just a few. Additionally, ZnO-based nanosubstrates have been used lately in combination with noble metals to enhance the fluorescence emission of dyes located in their vicinity [20][21] as well for amplifying the fluorescence emission of ZnO, which could prove very useful for solar cell

Tubular glassy carbon microneedles with fullerene-like tips for biomedical applications

• Sharali Malik and
• George E. Kostakis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 455–461, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.38

• allotrope of carbon, which combines glassy and ceramic properties with those associated with graphite and has been of scientific and technological interest for over fifty years. Glassy carbon has good electrical and thermal conductivities, excellent chemical stability, and good biocompatibility, which has

Interfacial nanoarchitectonics for ZIF-8 membranes with enhanced gas separation

• Season S. Chen,
• Zhen-Jie Yang,
• Chia-Hao Chang,
• Hoong-Uei Koh,
• Sameerah I. Al-Saeedi,
• Kuo-Lun Tung and
• Kevin C.-W. Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 313–324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.26

• rotation of the organic linkers [19][31], besides their remarkable thermal and chemical stability [32]. The linker rotation effect can mediate guest molecule diffusion efficiently since larger molecules encounter a larger hindrance by the rotating linkers. ZIF-8 exhibits this representative linker rotation