Graphene oxide–chloroquine conjugate induces DNA damage in A549 lung cancer cells through autophagy modulation

• Braham Dutt Arya,
• Sandeep Mittal,
• Prachi Joshi,
• Alok Kumar Pandey,
• Jaime E. Ramirez-Vick,
• Govind Gupta and
• Surinder P. Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 316–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.24

• capabilities of cancer cells. The results indicate that the interplay between DDR and autophagy pathways may open new paradigms for developing effective combinatorial nanoscale drug systems against multidrug-resistance cancers. Keywords: A549 cells; autophagy; chloroquine; DNA damage; graphene oxide

• treatment modality in multidrug resistant tumors [23][24]. Recently, it has also been found that chloroquine- (Chl, autophagy inhibitor) conjugated GO induces necroptotic cell death in A549 cells through accumulation of p62 mediated by altered autophagic flux, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, and

• activation of RIPK1 [25]. In the present study, we investigated the DNA-damage-mediated cell death mechanism in A549 cells upon exposure to a graphene oxide–chloroquine (GO–Chl) nanoconjugate. Our results have shown that exposure of GO–Chl nanoconjugate induced DNA fragmentation/damage in A549 cells, causing

Nanocarriers and macrophage interaction: from a potential hurdle to an alternative therapeutic strategy

• Naths Grazia Sukubo,
• Paolo Bigini and
• Annalisa Morelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 97–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.10

• demonstrated by Ji and colleagues in a mouse model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced fibrosis, where they inhibited the proliferation of fibroblasts [46]. An alternative to depletion is the inhibition of KCs through chloroquine, an antimalaria agent that inhibits macrophage-specific endocytosis, or

Recent progress in cancer cell membrane-based nanoparticles for biomedical applications

• Qixiong Lin,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Yanyan Wen,
• Xiaoqiong Li,
• Donglian Du,
• Weibin Dai,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 262–279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.24

• been applied to treat prostate cancer [56]. This nanoagent shows good drug-loading capacity and photosensitivity and can be applied in NIR photothermal conversion. After the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) was loaded onto the nanocarrier, it was coated with prostate cancer cell membrane for tumor

Nanotechnology – a robust tool for fighting the challenges of drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer

• Filip Gorachinov,
• Fatima Mraiche,
• Diala Alhaj Moustafa,
• Ola Hishari,
• Yomna Ismail,
• Jensa Joseph,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska,
• Marija Glavas Dodov,
• Nikola Geskovski and
• Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 240–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.23

• tumor inhibition was achieved [115]. Lv et al. prepared multifunctional dendrimer nanoscale complexes composed of anti-EGFR aptamer-modified poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) loaded with erlotinib and chloroquine (CQ) for NSCLC treatment. These cationic nanoparticles showed high condensation capacity for

• demonstrated pH-dependent selective survivin-shRNA release in the acidic environment after endosomal escape and disassembly to single PAMAM nanoparticles showing continuous release of erlotinib and chloroquine. Chloroquine has a dual effect on the efficacy. It improves vascular barrier integrity and together

Internalization mechanisms of cell-penetrating peptides

• Ivana Ruseska and
• Andreas Zimmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 101–123, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.10

PVP-coated, negatively charged silver nanoparticles: A multi-center study of their physicochemical characteristics, cell culture and in vivo experiments

• Sebastian Ahlberg,
• Alexandra Antonopulos,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Ralf Dringen,
• Matthias Epple,
• Rebekka Flöck,
• Wolfgang Goedecke,
• Christina Graf,
• Nadine Haberl,
• Jens Helmlinger,
• Fabian Herzog,
• Frederike Heuer,
• Stephanie Hirn,
• Christian Johannes,
• Stefanie Kittler,
• Manfred Köller,
• Katrin Korn,
• Wolfgang G. Kreyling,
• Fritz Krombach,
• Jürgen Lademann,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Eva M. Luther,
• Marcelina Malissek,
• Martina C. Meinke,
• Daniel Nordmeyer,
• Anne Pailliart,
• Jörg Raabe,
• Fiorenza Rancan,
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser,
• Eckart Rühl,
• Carsten Schleh,
• Andreas Seibel,
• Christina Sengstock,
• Lennart Treuel,
• Annika Vogt,
• Katrin Weber and
• Reinhard Zellner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1944–1965, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.205

• internalization of silver nanoparticles in astrocytes as in the cell types discussed above (Figure 11), inhibitors of macropinocytosis and endosomal trafficking (chloroquine and amiloride) at least partially lower the accumulation of silver nanoparticles [108]. Accumulated silver nanoparticles appear to be quite