Synthetic-polymer-assisted antisense oligonucleotide delivery: targeted approaches for precision disease treatment

• Ana Cubillo Alvarez,
• Dylan Maguire and
• Ruairí P. Brannigan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 435–463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.34

• effective complexation with ASOs and enhanced cellular uptake. Additionally, while these high-generation DPLs exhibited moderate cytotoxicity, complexation with ASOs was shown to reduce toxicity, making them a promising vehicle for gene therapy applications. Confocal microscopy further confirmed the ability

• significantly reduced following their complexation with ASOs. Enhanced delivery efficiency was further confirmed using a splicing correction assay, where the optimal dose of the DPL–ASO complex resulted in substantial luciferase activity, indicating successful nuclear delivery of the ASOs. Even though

• property allows PLG to be used primarily as a stabilising carrier or a controlled-release matrix for drug and ASO delivery [99]. Even though its negative charge often limits direct complexation with negatively charged ASOs, it can be used in conjugation strategies or in combination with other cationic

Facile synthesis of size-tunable L-carnosine-capped silver nanoparticles and their role in metal ion sensing and catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar,
• Ridhima Chadha,
• Abhishek Das,
• Nandita Maiti and
• Rayavarapu Raja Gopal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1576–1592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.124

• exposed groups. We hypothesize that the complexation between ʟ-car-AgNP1 and Cd2+/Pb2+ decreases the distance between the nanoparticles. This results in a redshift and the emergence of shoulder peaks in the absorption spectra, followed by a decrease in absorption intensity compared to the control. Abate

Realizing active targeting in cancer nanomedicine with ultrasmall nanoparticles

• André F. Lima,
• Giselle Z. Justo and
• Alioscka A. Sousa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1208–1226, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.98

• experiences reduced interference from autofluorescence and photon scattering in tissues. The authors further conjugated the AuNCs with an antibody against the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (CD326), a well-known marker for various human carcinomas. Conjugation was achieved through host–guest complexation

Recent updates in applications of nanomedicine for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis

• Damai Ria Setyawati,
• Fransiska Christydira Sekaringtyas,
• Riyona Desvy Pratiwi,
• A’liyatur Rosyidah,
• Rohimmahtunnissa Azhar,
• Nunik Gustini,
• Gita Syahputra,
• Idah Rosidah,
• Etik Mardliyati,
• Tarwadi and
• Sjaikhurrizal El Muttaqien

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1105–1116, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.89

• complexation and cholesterol–polyethylene glycol–vitamin A as a helper lipoid. In the in vitro evaluation, the nanocarrier showed enhanced cellular uptake in HSCs-T6 cells, nine times higher than that in macrophages, displaying specific targeting to HSCs that could avoid phagocytosis by macrophages. These

Simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid and hypoxanthine at a TiO₂/graphene quantum dot-modified electrode

• Vu Ngoc Hoang,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Le Vu Truong Son,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Vo Thang Nguyen,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Ly Hoang Diem,
• Kieu Chan Ly,
• Ho Sy Thang and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 719–732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.60

• with pKa = 8.7 [31]. The improved reversibility and sensitivity of the modified electrode may be due to the electrostatic interaction between positively charged URI and HYP and negatively charged GQD at remaining COO− groups, the complexation of titanium to nitrogen or oxygen, or π–π interactions

Curcumin-loaded albumin submicron particles with potential as a cancer therapy: an in vitro study

• Nittiya Suwannasom,
• Netsai Sriaksorn,
• Chutamas Thepmalee,
• Krissana Khoothiam,
• Ausanai Prapan,
• Hans Bäumler and
• Chonthida Thephinlap

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1127–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.93

• stability and solubility [9]. The complexation occurs mainly through hydrophobic interactions in protein cavities [10][11]. In a recent study, zein nanoparticles loaded with CUR have been studied for their potential in treating brain tumors, and the results have demonstrated a reduction in the proliferation

Carboxylic acids and light interact to affect nanoceria stability and dissolution in acidic aqueous environments

• Matthew L. Hancock,
• Eric A. Grulke and
• Robert A. Yokel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 762–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.63

• . Functional group analysis As mentioned earlier, the carboxylic acid group geminal to a hydroxy group may be essential for nanoceria–ligand complexation. Nine of the tested carboxylic acids contain this structure. Three of them (citric, malic, and isocitric acid) completely dissolved nanoceria when exposed to

• molecular configurations required for nanoceria complexation. The remaining three acids (glyceric, lactic, and α-hydroxybutyric acid) do not contain a second carboxylic acid group. Furthermore, citric, malic, and isocitric acid molecules all have higher ratios of carboxylic acid and hydroxy groups to

• aliphatic carbon atoms (Table S2, Supporting Information File 1). Overall, the results suggest that a long carbon chain backbone containing a carboxylic acid geminal to a hydroxy group in addition to a second carboxylic acid group may be necessary for nanoceria complexation. Conclusion Citric acid-coated

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo,
• Saba Derakhshan Oskouei and
• Mustafa Gazi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52

• redox reaction during the electron deactivation process. For effective quenching, a complex driven by either hydrophobic, van der Waals, or π–π-stacking interactions is generated between the electron donor and the electron acceptor with a separation on a sub-nanometre length scale. The complexation of

• fluorescence signals. A partial charge transfer of a fully conjugated system occurs in optical PCT sensors. This mechanism involves the complexation of donor and acceptor, which changes the electron energy levels and the fluorescence signals. While PET sensors have the electron donor moiety separated from the

Polymer nanoparticles from low-energy nanoemulsions for biomedical applications

• Santiago Grijalvo and
• Carlos Rodriguez-Abreu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 339–350, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.29

• surface becomes positive at a given cationic surfactant concentration and, therefore, the nanoparticles can be complexed with DNA plasmids. This complexation leads to an increase in the hydrodynamic diameter. This increase is larger for plasmids with higher molecular weight. The obtained complexes (Figure

Facile preparation of Au- and BODIPY-grafted lipid nanoparticles for synergized photothermal therapy

• Yuran Wang,
• Xudong Li,
• Haijun Chen and
• Yu Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1432–1444, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.118

• . BDP was first dissolved in DMSO in a centrifuge tube to a concentration of 3.38 mM. The liquor was diluted 20 times with water and then sonicated for 10 min. The AB-LNPs was prepared by simply physical complexation. The diluted BDP aqueous suspension was then added drop by drop into the Au-LNPs

Design of surface nanostructures for chirality sensing based on quartz crystal microbalance

• Yinglin Ma,
• Xiangyun Xiao and
• Qingmin Ji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1201–1219, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.100

• rims. The key to the chiral recognition by CDs is the formation of diastereomeric host–guest complexes based on different interaction affinities. The complexation may occur via inclusion of the guest chiral molecule into the cavity of CDs by π–π interactions, dipole–dipole, ion-pairing, hydrogen

• the complexation process of various chiral calix[4]arenes derivatives with gas-phase R/S-1-phenethylamine [78]. They proved that due to the acid–base interaction, only derivatives with acid could bind well with chiral amines. The other derivatives with esters, amides, and alcohols showed low

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

• Aisha Kanwal,
• Naheed Bibi,
• Sajjad Hyder,
• Arif Muhammad,
• Hao Ren,
• Jiangtao Liu and
• Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

Micro- and nanotechnology in biomedical engineering for cartilage tissue regeneration in osteoarthritis

• Zahra Nabizadeh,
• Mahmoud Nasrollahzadeh,
• Hamed Daemi,
• Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad,
• Ali Akbar Shabani,
• Mehdi Dadashpour,
• Majid Mirmohammadkhani and
• Davood Nasrabadi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 363–389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.31

• for growth factor delivery systems. In this regard, the complexation of cationic polymers such as Pluronic F68 [56], polyethyleneimine (PEI) [57], and poly-ʟ-lysine [58] with anionic heparin has been widely used to promote ionic interactions for the preparation of growth factor-loaded NPs. Heparin

Impact of device design on the electronic and optoelectronic properties of integrated Ru-terpyridine complexes

• Max Mennicken,
• Sophia Katharina Peter,
• Corinna Kaulen,
• Ulrich Simon and
• Silvia Karthäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 219–229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.16

• given in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1. Ru complex-functionalized AuNPs were synthesized by ligand complexation of MPTP–AuNPs with RuCl2(DMSO)MPTP-SAc in acetic acid solution using the protocol given recently [15]. The thorough characterization revealed spherical nanoparticles, Ru(MPTP)(MPTP

Electrical, electrochemical and structural studies of a chlorine-derived ionic liquid-based polymer gel electrolyte

• Ashish Gupta,
• Amrita Jain,
• Manju Kumari and
• Santosh K. Tripathi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1252–1261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.92

• in it, some peaks of PVdF-HFP at 2θ = 38° disappear [10]. This indicates that the ionic liquid as well as the liquid electrolyte solution form a complete complexation with the polymer PVdF-HFP at a molecular level in polymer gel electrolytes. Additionally, the broadening of the XRD peak at 2θ = 20.4

Modification of a SERS-active Ag surface to promote adsorption of charged analytes: effect of Cu²⁺ ions

• Bahdan V. Ranishenka,
• Andrei Yu. Panarin,
• Irina A. Chelnokova,
• Sergei N. Terekhov,
• Peter Mojzes and
• Vadim V. Shmanai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 902–912, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.67

• same conditions, the CuTSPP4 SERS spectrum was absent (Figure 7, number 5). We suggest that Cu2+ ions are weakly adsorbed at the Ag surface and were mostly removed during the washing stage. Copper complexation with PEI and positive charging of the glass surface is expected in this case. This could also

• complex. Additionally, it was confirmed in experiments with Mg2+ ions, instead of Cu2+ ions, which are much less capable of complexation with nucleobases. Moreover, Mg2+ cations have been shown [35] to have the lowest affinity to DNA molecules among doubly charged ions (Mg2+ < Co2+ < Ni2+ < Mn2+ < Zn2

• not always easily predictable from basic considerations regarding complexation. Conclusion Effects of electrostatic interaction between analyte molecules and plasmonic surfaces on the SERS enhancement was investigated by using Ag NPs immobilized on a glass support. Two oppositely charged porphyrins

Fate and transformation of silver nanoparticles in different biological conditions

• Barbara Pem,
• Marija Ćurlin,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Valerije Vrček,
• Rinea Barbir,
• Vedran Micek,
• Raluca M. Fratila,
• Jesus M. de la Fuente and
• Ivana Vinković Vrček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 665–679, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.53

• behaviour can be attributed to the loss of electrostatic repulsion between particles due to the complexation with counter ions present in media with high ionic strength [8][47]. The presence of proteins prevented AgNP agglomeration in m(CCM+BSA), m(CYS+BSA), m(GSH+BSA) due to the formation of protein corona

• induce a significant agglomeration of PLL-AgNPs (Figure 5) probably due to the supportive complexation of negatively charged GSH to the positively charged PLL, which was evident at a much lower ζ potential value of PLL-AgNPs in mGSH (Figure 6) compared to UPW (Table 2). Obviously, the complexation power

• complexation of particles with counter ions present in media and loss of electrostatic repulsion between particles. However, the formation of protein corona prevented such agglomeration even in media with high ionic strength and low pH. Negatively charged AgNPs agglomerated less in CYS-containing media

The preparation temperature influences the physicochemical nature and activity of nanoceria

• Robert A. Yokel,
• Wendel Wohlleben,
• Johannes Georg Keller,
• Matthew L. Hancock,
• Jason M. Unrine,
• D. Allan Butterfield and
• Eric A. Grulke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 525–540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.43

• dissolution rate (Table 2), as previously reported [39][40]. The rate of NM-212 dissolution was much slower (Figure 8 and Table 2). High-temperature exposure greatly decreased the dissolution of the solvothermally synthesized nanoceria (Figure 9). Cerium ion complexation and nanoceria dissolution in the

• nanoceria would create a sink for released cerium ions and increase the nanoceria dissolution rate. The results do not support the hypothesis. However, while Ce forms a strong complex with orthophosphate anions as indicated by the above Ksp values, it is possible that the complexation constants for the

• two observations. Dependency on the pH value of the complexation of cerium ions with LN resin and HPT. Results are the mean of two observations. Addition of LN resin and HTP to the dialysis bath did not affect nanoceria dissolution. Solid circles: with HTP at pH 7.4, open circles: without HTP at pH

Straightforward synthesis of gold nanoparticles by adding water to an engineered small dendrimer

• Sébastien Gottis,
• Régis Laurent,
• Vincent Collière and
• Anne-Marie Caminade

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1110–1118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.95

• 7314, 33 rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens cedex 1, France 10.3762/bjnano.11.95 Abstract A small water-soluble phosphorus-containing dendrimer was engineered for the complexation of gold(I) and for its reduction under mild conditions. Gold nanoparticles were obtained as colloidal suspensions simply and only

• the growth and stabilization of isolated gold nanoparticles. Thus, an unprecedented method for the synthesis of colloidal suspensions of water-soluble gold nanoparticles was proposed in this work. Keywords: colloidal suspension; complexation; dendrimer; gold nanoparticle; phosphorus; Introduction

• 13C NMR spectra by the presence of two signals for each carbon atom present in this linkage. The complexation of the dendritic compound 3 with AuCl(tht), yielding compound 4 as a white powder, was carried out following the same procedure used to obtain compound 2 from compound 1. Compound 4 was

Poly(1-vinylimidazole) polyplexes as novel therapeutic gene carriers for lung cancer therapy

• Gayathri Kandasamy,
• Elena N. Danilovtseva,
• Vadim V. Annenkov and
• Uma Maheswari Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 354–369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.26

• efficiency of the formed complexes in A549 lung cancer cells. The polyplex formed was found to exhibit 66% complexation efficiency. The complexation was confirmed by gel retardation assays, FTIR and thermal analysis. The blank PVI polymer was not toxic to cells. The polyplex was found to exhibit excellent

• efficiency enabled by a pH-responsive endo-lysosomal escape [15]. It was therefore expected that poly(vinylimidazole) side chains will show a higher transfection efficiency. Alkylated poly(1-vinylimidazole) with different chain lengths has been investigated for DNA complexation and transfection in HepG2

• liver cancer cells. Butylated PVI was found to be nontoxic and the most effective when compared to other alkyl derivatives regarding DNA complexation [16]. Carboxymethyl poly(1-vinylimidazole) has also been investigated for DNA complexation and was found to exert no toxicity to cells [17]. Poly(1

Rational design of block copolymer self-assemblies in photodynamic therapy

• Maxime Demazeau,
• Laure Gibot,
• Anne-Françoise Mingotaud,
• Patricia Vicendo,
• Clément Roux and
• Barbara Lonetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 180–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.15

• the formation of H aggregates between photosensitizer molecules, which hampers the production of singlet oxygen [50][51]. Hence, a careful choice of the hydrophobic block of the copolymer–photosensitizer couple for electrostatic interactions is needed. Interestingly, host–guest complexation of

Molecular architectonics of DNA for functional nanoarchitectures

• Debasis Ghosh,
• Lakshmi P. Datta and
• Thimmaiah Govindaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 124–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.11

• of the advantages of this system was that the DNA–multichromophore organization could be aligned vertically over the gold electrode, which facilitated exothermic charge separation and suppressesed the ground-state charge transfer (CT) complexation between DPP and NDI, followed by the generation of a

• photocurrent (Figure 7b). However, the randomly assembled array of DPPNDI–dT40 immobilized across the gold electrode was unable to generate any photocurrent response owing to ground-state CT complexation of DPP with NDI in their random arrangement (Figure 7c). Tanaka, Ono, and co-workers reported the

The different ways to chitosan/hyaluronic acid nanoparticles: templated vs direct complexation. Influence of particle preparation on morphology, cell uptake and silencing efficiency

• Arianna Gennari,
• Julio M. Rios de la Rosa,
• Erwin Hohn,
• Maria Pelliccia,
• Enrique Lallana,
• Roberto Donno,
• Annalisa Tirella and
• Nicola Tirelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2594–2608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.250

• two-step process based on intermediate (template) particles produced via ionotropic gelation of chitosan with triphosphate (TPP), which are then incubated with HA, or B) through direct polyelectrolyte complexation of chitosan and HA. Here we demonstrate that HA is capable to quantitatively replace TPP

• chitosan-based nanoparticles [5][6][7][8], the most popular being ionotropic gelation and polyelectrolyte complexation. The distinction between the two is subtle, since they are based on a common driving force, i.e., the electrostatic attraction between protonated amines on chitosan and multiply charged

• anions, which effectively act as cross-linkers. Electrostatic complexation allows for very mild preparative processes, carried out in water under mild and almost physiological conditions and without the use of chemical reactions. Additionally, electrostatic interactions may not only be used to hold

Advanced hybrid nanomaterials

• Andreas Taubert,
• Fabrice Leroux,
• Pierre Rabu and
• Verónica de Zea Bermudez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2563–2567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.247

• synthesize clusters, so-called colloidal molecules [21]. Nanospherical satellites were covalently bonded via amide groups within the dimples of valence-endowed patchy nanoparticles, allowing the tuning of their topology and self-assembling ability. Polyion complex micelles formed by complexation between poly

Design of a nanostructured mucoadhesive system containing curcumin for buccal application: from physicochemical to biological aspects

• Sabrina Barbosa de Souza Ferreira,
• Gustavo Braga,
• Évelin Lemos Oliveira,
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva,
• Hélen Cássia Rosseto,
• Lidiane Vizioli de Castro Hoshino,
• Mauro Luciano Baesso,
• Wilker Caetano,
• Craig Murdoch,
• Helen Elizabeth Colley and
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2304–2328, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.222

• located, with accessibility for complexation with iodide. Conversely, low Ksv values suggest an internal location, and consequently, no accessibility to the suppressor molecule. The system evaluated at 37 °C displayed lower Ksv values (Ksv = 1.3403 mol/L), whereas formulations evaluated at 25 °C showed