Upcycling agroindustrial waste into graphene oxide supports for gold nanoparticles: toward sustainable nanomaterials

• Juan Marcos Castro-Tapia,
• Selene Acosta,
• Hiram Joazet Ojeda-Galván,
• Elsie Evelyn Araujo-Palomo,
• Edgar Giovanni Villabona-Leal and
• Mildred Quintana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 489–504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.32

• platforms have shown promise in electrochemical and colorimetric sensing of environmental contaminants, allowing for sensitive and rapid detection of toxic species in water [60][61][62]. Beyond catalysis and sensing, the well-documented antibacterial activity of AuNPs, combined with the large surface area

Defects and defect-mediated engineering of two-dimensional materials: challenges and open questions

• Arkady V. Krasheninnikov,
• Matthias Batzill,
• Anouar-Akacha Delenda,
• Marija Drndić,
• Chris Ewels,
• Katharina J. Franke,
• Mahdi Ghorbani-Asl,
• Alexander Holleitner,
• Ado Jorio,
• Ute Kaiser,
• Daria Kieczka,
• Hannu-Pekka Komsa,
• Jani Kotakoski,
• Manuel Längle,
• David Lamprecht,
• Yun Liu,
• Steven G. Louie,
• Janina Maultzsch,
• Thomas Michely,
• Katherine Milton,
• Anna Niggas,
• Hanako Okuno,
• Joshua A. Robinson,
• Marika Schleberger,
• Bruno Schuler,
• Alexander Shluger,
• Kazu Suenaga,
• Kristian S. Thygesen,
• Richard A. Wilhelm,
• E. Harriet Åhlgren and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 454–488, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.31

• detection of the inelastic contribution. On the one hand, the small energy scale of at most a few millielectronvolts requires very low temperatures; on the other hand, the change in conductance depends on the excitation efficiency and the density of states at the Fermi level. Hence, detection of magnetic

Nanocarrier-integrated multilayer films produced by 3D printing for improved skin adhesion and curcumin photostability

• Thayse Viana de Oliveira,
• Ana Paula Farias Leão,
• Júlia Leão,
• Cesar Liberato Petzhold and
• Ruy Carlos Ruver Beck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 440–453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.30

• detection (HPLC-UV) [26]. The chromatographic system consisted of a Shimadzu LC-20A chromatograph (Tokyo, Japan), using a C18 reversed-phase column (250 × 4.60 mm, 5 µm, 100 Å; Zorbax Eclipse Plus, Agilent). The mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile and trifluoroacetic acid (0.1%) (60:40, v/v), and the

• = 0.9994), with intra-day variability lower than 2% and limits of detection and quantification of 0.2 and 0.7 µg/mL, respectively. Method specificity was confirmed by comparing chromatograms of the samples with those obtained from the placebo formulation. The curcumin content was determined after

Interconnection morphology effects on the radio frequency response of carbon nanotube sponges

• Manuela Scarselli,
• Javad Rezvani,
• Zeno Zuccari,
• Mattia Scagliotti and
• Simone Tocci

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 343–351, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.23

• Information File 40: Additional details on CNS preparation, XPS analysis, and antenna characterization. Funding MS would like to acknowledge the INFN (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare) MANIFOLD (Multidimensional nANodevice archItectures For lOw-perturbation singLe-ion Detection) grant.

Beam shaping techniques for pulsed laser ablation in liquids: Unlocking tunable control of nanoparticle synthesis in liquids

• Sergio Molina-Prados,
• Nadezhda M. Bulgakova,
• Alexander V. Bulgakov,
• Jesus Lancis,
• Gladys Mínguez Vega and
• Carlos Doñate-Buendia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 309–342, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.22

• ][77] and colorimetric sensors [78][79], surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy detection [71][80][81], nanofluids for thermal applications [82][83][84], additive manufacturing [85][86][87], or catalysis [88][89]. The previously mentioned applications of PLAL-derived NPs can be grouped into four major

Calculation of the dynamic stiffness of a cantilever under torsional oscillation

• Keita Nishida,
• Yuuki Yasui and
• Yoshiaki Sugimoto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 303–308, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.21

• as it can electrically detect energy dissipations [8]. Lateral force microscopy with quartz tuning fork AFM, using a CO-terminated tip, enabled the detection of energy dissipation over the chemical bonds of a PTCDA (3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride) molecule, with a vertical decay length

Durable antimicrobial activity of fabrics functionalized with zeolite ion-exchanged nanomaterials against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

• Perla Sánchez-López,
• Kendra Ramirez Acosta,
• Sergio Fuentes Moyado,
• Ruben Dario Cadena-Nava and
• Elena Smolentseva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 262–274, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.18

• Ag, Cu, and Zn concentrations after three and five washing cycles might be below the detection limit of EDS (i.e., the phenomenon is related to the relatively low amount of nanomaterials used for fabric functionalization rather than to the complete removal of the nanomaterials). According to the

Gold nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide as a highly effective catalyst for the selective α,β-dehydrogenation of N-alkyl-4-piperidones

• Brenda Flore Kenyim,
• Mihir Tzalis,
• Marilyn Kaul,
• Robert Oestreich,
• Aysenur Limon,
• Chancellin Pecheu Nkepdep and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 218–238, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.15

• AuNPs and carbon layers. Similar behavior has been reported in other Au–polyoxometalate systems where the W signal dominates and the Si 2p peak is below detection limits [45]. Collectively, these XPS results confirm that gold is predominantly metallic (Au0) and the rGO support contains functional groups

Micro- and nanoscale effects in biological and bioinspired materials and surfaces

• Thies H. Büscher,
• Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira,
• Manuela Rebora and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 214–217, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.14

• detection of vitamin B12. The reviewed approaches, with a particular focus on bioinspired and nanomaterial-based platforms, address the needs for fast, reliable, and noninvasive detection of specific nutrients in food industry and pharmaceutics. This thematic issue offers a distinctive set of new concepts

Time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging of contaminant species in chemical vapour deposited graphene on copper

• Barry Brennan,
• Vlad-Petru Veigang-Radulescu,
• Philipp Braeuninger-Weimer,
• Stephan Hofmann and
• Andrew J. Pollard

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 200–213, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.13

• surface sensitivity (<1 nm depth), low detection limits (ppm and better), high mass resolution to aid identification of chemical species in both molecular and elemental forms [28][29][34], combined with below 30 nm lateral resolution possible under optimal conditions [35]. We investigate a range of

• F 1s core level was very close to the detection limits of XPS for both samples, and it was not possible to resolve a signal from the P 2p core level spectra, despite F- and P-containing ion species being easily detected by ToF-SIMS from the same samples, highlighting the enhanced sensitivity of ToF

Safe and sustainable by design with ML/AI: A transformative approach to advancing nanotechnology

• Georgia Melagraki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 176–185, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.11

• into the SSbD framework, offering proactive detection of potentially hazardous materials or formulations at the earliest stages of research and development. By providing rapid, data-driven feedback on the probable safety profile of a material, predictive toxicology ensures that corrective measures

Development and in vitro evaluation of liposomes and immunoliposomes containing 5-fluorouracil and R-phycoerythrin as a potential phototheranostic system for colorectal cancer

• Raissa Rodrigues Camelo,
• Vivianne Cortez Sombra Vandesmet,
• Octavio Vital Baccallini,
• José de Brito Vieira Neto,
• Thais da Silva Moreira,
• Luzia Kalyne Almeida Moreira Leal,
• Claudia Pessoa,
• Daniel Giuliano Cerri,
• Maria Vitória Lopes Badra Bentley,
• Josimar O. Eloy,
• Ivanildo José da Silva Júnior and
• Raquel Petrilli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 97–121, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.7

• solution of 1.3 mg/mL of 5-FU in PBS buffer pH 7.4 was prepared. After that, dilutions were carried out obtaining the working solutions used to validate the analytical control: 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 5.0 μg/mL in triplicate. The data obtained was analyzed for precision, linearity, limit of detection

• series of calibration curves for 5-FU and R-PE. Linearity was assessed by least-squares linear regression (calibration equation and correlation coefficient). Precision and accuracy were determined by the analysis of replicates of different concentrations. The detection limit and the quantification limit

Internal 3D temperature mapping in biological systems using ratiometric light-sheet imaging and lipid-coated upconversion nanothermometers

• Dannareli Barron-Ortiz,
• Enric Pérez-Parets,
• Rubén D. Cadena-Nava,
• Emilio J. Gualda,
• Jacob Licea-Rodríguez,
• Juan Hernández-Cordero,
• Pablo Loza-Álvarez and
• Israel Rocha-Mendoza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2306–2316, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.159

• millimeters [40]. LSFM decouples excitation and detection, illuminating only the focal plane and thereby minimizing photobleaching and photothermal effects while enabling rapid volumetric acquisition. The present work aims to extend this technique to larger biological specimens, specifically C. elegans, an

• currently developing an alternative approach based on color CMOS detection, which retrieves the spectral intensity from a single RGB image and eliminates the need for mechanical filter switching. This strategy, though beyond the scope of the present work, is expected to enable true real-time 3D

Chiral plasmonic nanostructures fabricated with circularly polarized light

• Tian Qiao and
• Ming Lee Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2245–2264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.154

• chiral metal nanostructures; for example, the detection of DNA at attomolar concentrations has been achieved using cPNSs. In recent years, significant advancements have been made in the colloidal synthesis of chiral plasmonic nanostructures. A noteworthy breakthrough involves the use of CPL to fabricate

• to treat morning sickness in pregnant women. One of its enantiomers was found to have sedative effects, while the other was identified as teratogenic, leading to tragic consequences, including over 10,000 severe birth defects in children [4][5][6][7][8]. Promoting the separation and detection of

• in detecting chiral molecules is the limited ability to directly measure the enhanced CD spectra of the analyte. Biomolecule detection primarily relies on changes in the line shape of the metamaterial spectra. This provides limited information about molecular structure [18]. Therefore, additional

Optical bio/chemical sensors for vitamin B₁₂ analysis in food and pharmaceuticals: state of the art, challenges, and future outlooks

• Seyed Mohammad Taghi Gharibzahedi and
• Zeynep Altintas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2207–2244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.153

• sensitivity, specificity, rapid detection, and the ability for real-time analysis. CD- and QD-based biosensors with excellent optical properties such as photoluminescence enable the detection of VB12 at negligible concentrations and in real-world samples with complex matrices. Furthermore, integrating these

• reagents, which restrict their practical applications [2][13][28]. Consequently, there is a growing need to develop simple, rapid analytical systems such as biosensors to tackle these challenges by highly selective and sensitive detection of VB12 without requiring specialized skills. Nowadays

• , electrochemical and optical biosensing platforms are one of the best approaches to detect VB12. Various electrochemical methods have been employed for the effective detection of VB12, focusing on its electroactive nature and the redox chemistry of the cobalt atom, primarily utilizing the Co3+/Co2+ and Co2+/Co

Electromagnetic study of a split-ring resonator metamaterial with cold-electron bolometers

• Ekaterina A. Matrozova,
• Alexander V. Chiginev,
• Leonid S. Revin and
• Andrey L. Pankratov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2199–2206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.152

• broadband antenna solutions such as the log-periodic [23][24][25] or spiral antennas [26][27]. These antennas are indeed a well-established technology, providing wideband frequency response and high detection/radiation efficiency. However, their widespread use is subject to a fundamental limitation: The

Ultrathin water layers on mannosylated gold nanoparticles

• Maiara A. Iriarte Alonso,
• Jorge H. Melillo,
• Silvina Cerveny,
• Yujin Tong and
• Alexander M. Bittner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2183–2198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.151

• /mL) was loaded in a previously Milli Q-washed microcuvette at 25 °C and a detection angle of 173°. For ZP, 700 µL of the sample was loaded in a dip-cell cuvette. Three runs were performed in three replicates, resulting in nine measurements per sample. The hydrodynamic diameter (z-average) and the NP

Microplastic pollution in Himalayan lakes: assessment, risks, and sustainable remediation strategies

• Sameeksha Rawat,
• S. M. Tauseef and
• Madhuben Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2144–2167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.148

• ) spectroscopy is used regularly to identify the chemical structure of MPs [34]. One of the most important developments for nanoplastic detection in complex environmental matrices is micro-FTIR to analyze particles smaller than 10 µm [35]. Raman spectroscopy improves on FTIR by using higher resolution and the

• technologies are also required since it is challenging to transport samples to well-equipped laboratories from distant locations. Another challenge is that natural particulate matter such as minerals, biological debris, and glacial silt can lead to the interference of MP detection. MPs must be separated by

• , populations residing around Himalayan lakes and dependent on these freshwater basins for agriculture, drinking water, and fishery resources are more likely to be exposed to MPs. Although comprehensive data on MP bioaccumulation in Himalayan populations are currently lacking, the detection of MPs in Himalayan

Quality by design optimization of microemulsions for topical delivery of Passiflora setacea seed oil

• Daniel T. Pereira,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Danielle T. Freire,
• Dayanne L. Porto,
• Cícero F. S. Aragão,
• Myla L. de Souza,
• Guilherme R. S. de Araujo,
• Ana Maria Costa,
• Wógenes N. Oliveira,
• Anne Sapin-Minet,
• Éverton N. Alencar and
• Eryvaldo Sócrates T. Egito

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2116–2131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.146

• , Agilent – Santa Clara, USA) coupled with a mass spectrometer (5977B GC/MSD, Agilent – Santa Clara, USA). Prior to injection, samples were dissolved in 1 mL of n-heptane. The GC system operated with helium as the carrier gas at a flow rate of 1 mL·min−1. The injection and detection temperatures were set at

Rapid synthesis of highly monodisperse AgSbS₂ nanocrystals: unveiling multifaceted activities in cancer therapy, antibacterial strategies, and antioxidant defense

• Funda Ulusu,
• Adem Sarilmaz,
• Yakup Ulusu,
• Faruk Ozel and
• Mahmut Kus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2105–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.145

• , these materials have also been used in various imaging applications for the detection of cancer cells. Ag2Te and Ag2S nanocrystals (NCs) were used in cancer imaging studies by Nieves and colleagues. In this study, computed tomography contrasts changes of NCs injected into mice were examined at 2 and 24

Toward clinical translation of carbon nanomaterials in anticancer drug delivery: the need for standardisation

• Michał Bartkowski,
• Francesco Calzaferri and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2092–2104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.144

• , and material purity are essential for translational development. Contaminants such as carboxylated carbonaceous fragments (CCFs) may be introduced during synthesis and processing, and these impurities can alter biological responses or induce toxicity. Their detection and removal should form a routine

Calibration of piezo actuators and systems by dynamic interferometry

• Knarik Khachatryan and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2086–2091, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.143

• detection. The fine-positioning z-piezo of the fiber is calibrated by the analysis of measurements of the dynamic interferometer response signal recorded for various cantilever oscillation amplitudes and varied distances between the cantilever and the fiber end. Furthermore, we demonstrate the cantilever

• ; Introduction Interferometric displacement detection stands as a cornerstone in high-precision techniques employed in cantilever-based atomic force microscopy (AFM), since its early days [1][2][3][4][5][6]. This method of cantilever displacement detection is specifically well suited for non-contact atomic force

• the fiber end. Controlling and stabilizing the fiber–cantilever distance is of principal importance for the accurate operation of the interferometric detection system [16]. Here, we address the aspect of calibrating the z-motion of the fiber tube piezo [17][18] with high accuracy to ensure full

Multifrequency AFM integrating PeakForce tapping and higher eigenmodes for heterogeneous surface characterization

• Yanping Wei,
• Jiafeng Shen,
• Yirong Yao,
• Xuke Li,
• Ming Li and
• Peiling Ke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2077–2085, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.142

• channels after the pre-amplifier for dedicated, parallel processing of PFT feedback path and high-eigenmode detection path. The channel of the PFT feedback path is processed by the system’s built-in PeakForce electronics. A low-pass filter (200 kHz cut-off) and synchronization algorithms suppress high

• -frequency noise and baseline drift, ensuring stable force feedback for accurate topography and quantitative mechanical mapping. These processing routines are factory-implemented and operate transparently to the user [23]. The unfiltered signal branch of the high-eigenmode detection path is routed directly

• “Experimental setup” effectively separates the composite cantilever deflection signal into two independent channels. The low-frequency path secures stable topographic feedback, while the high-frequency path preserves the eigenmode signals for material-sensitive detection. This combination of physical damping

Laser ablation in liquids for shape-tailored synthesis of nanomaterials: status and challenges

• Natalie Tarasenka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1963–1997, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.137

Low-temperature AFM with a microwave cavity optomechanical transducer

• Ermes Scarano,
• Elisabet K. Arvidsson,
• August K. Roos,
• Erik Holmgren,
• Riccardo Borgani,
• Mats O. Tholén and
• David B. Haviland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1873–1882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.130

• force-sensor design is a significant improvement over piezoelectric force sensors commonly used in low-temperature AFM. We discuss the potential for further improvement of the sensor design to achieve optimal detection at the standard quantum limit. We demonstrate AFM operation with surface-tracking

• fulfills the specific requirements of the application. The latter is indeed the case for force sensing in atomic force microscopy (AFM). Force transduction at maximum sensitivity requires detecting the position of a “test mass”, while minimizing the added noise introduced by the detection itself [14][15

• -independent added noise of the detection SVV [V2/Hz], which is converted to an equivalent deflection noise via the detector responsivity α [V/m]: Neglecting back action, the noise-equivalent force for a given measurement bandwidth Δf is given by This quantity is minimized at the mechanical resonance