Single-layer graphene oxide film grown on α-Al₂O₃(0001) for use as an adsorbent

• Shiro Entani,
• Mitsunori Honda,
• Masaru Takizawa and
• Makoto Kohda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1082–1087, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.79

• (around 2900 cm−1). The presence of intense D and D+G peaks is indicative of the existence of graphene film disorder. This phenomenon can be attributed to the reduced size of the graphene grains that are produced at lower growth temperatures [18]. Following the oxidation process, a broadening of all peaks

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

• is orientational and rotational disorder. These materials are distinguished by their high degree of plasticity and diffusivity. In the case of ionic compounds, this results in the formation of an ion-conducting phase, rendering them an intriguing material for use as a transport field for target ions

Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids

• Maximilian Spellauge,
• David Redka,
• Mianzhen Mo,
• Changyong Song,
• Heinz Paul Huber and
• Anton Plech

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74

• imaging with wide-angle crystal diffraction, additional detectors near the specimen captured crystal Bragg reflections, offering new insights into photoinduced melting. The study revealed that local atomic disorder begins at the surface before the overall lattice expands, with the melt front progressing

Structural and magnetic properties of microwave-synthesized reduced graphene oxide/VO₂/Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite

• Sumanta Sahoo,
• Ankur Sood and
• Sung Soo Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 921–932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.70

• components caused more disorder and defects in the carbon structure [36]. Furthermore, the peak at ≈2700 cm−1 represents the characteristic 2D band of graphene. The Raman pattern of rGO represents such characteristic D band at ≈1343 cm−1, G band at ≈1582.4 cm−1, and 2D band at ≈2690 cm−1, respectively

Ar⁺ implantation-induced tailoring of RF-sputtered ZnO films: structural, morphological, and optical properties

• Manu Bura,
• Divya Gupta,
• Arun Kumar and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 872–886, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.66

• merges completely with disorder-induced broad band at higher fluences. Moreover, the deconvolution of the A1 (LO) Raman peak affirms the presence of defect-related Raman modes in the implanted samples. A gradual reduction in crystallinity of the implanted ZnO films with increasing ion fluence is observed

• , defects, and interstitials are induced through the interaction between energetic ions and the host material, resulting in structural modification and thus alteration in lattice dynamics of the host material [10]. The implantation-induced disorder can be qualitatively examined using Raman spectroscopy

• ] reported the presence of an A1 (LO) Raman mode and a disorder-induced band at low wavenumbers in cadmium-doped zinc oxide films irradiated using 120 MeV Ag9+ and 80 MeV O6+ ions at fluences of 1 × 1013 and 3 × 1013 ions·cm−2. Further, few studies [16][17] reported the emergence of optical longitudinal

Synchrotron X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of sodium adsorption on vertically arranged MoS₂ layers coated with pyrolytic carbon

• Alexander V. Okotrub,
• Anastasiya D. Fedorenko,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Veronica S. Sulyaeva,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva and
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 847–859, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.64

• Raman spectrum of the PyC-MoS2 sample, so the coating with PyC film does not destroy the structure of the MoS2 film. The Raman spectra of PyC and PyC-MoS2 show a peak at 1600 cm−1 corresponding to the in-plane stretching of C=C bonds (G mode) and a peak at 1355 cm−1 caused by the disorder in the

• graphite lattice (D mode) [40]. The position of the G mode is higher than the position of the G peak at 1582 cm–1 for crystalline graphite and graphene [41], indicating the disorder in the layers and their functionalization. In fact, the intensity ratio of the D to G peaks (ID/IG) of 0.87 is relatively

Changes of structural, magnetic and spectroscopic properties of microencapsulated iron sucrose nanoparticles in saline

• Sabina Lewińska,
• Pavlo Aleshkevych,
• Roman Minikayev,
• Anna Bajorek,
• Mateusz Dulski,
• Krystian Prusik,
• Tomasz Wojciechowski and
• Anna Ślawska-Waniewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 762–784, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.59

• the alginate implies a slight disordering of the crystal structure of iron oxides. This disorder may result from more structural and local point defects and unsaturated bonds, making it more prone to forming an ionic cross-linking complex. In this context, the coexistence of oxyhydroxide with Fe3

Nanostructured materials characterized by scanning photoelectron spectromicroscopy

• Matteo Amati,
• Alexey S. Shkvarin,
• Alexander I. Merentsov,
• Alexander N. Titov,
• María Taeño,
• David Maestre,
• Sarah R. McKibbin,
• Zygmunt Milosz,
• Ana Cremades,
• Rainer Timm and
• Luca Gregoratti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 700–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.54

• , were considered to occur during the growth process, leading to NiO samples with variable properties. Raman spectroscopy indicated changes between the relative intensity of first order modes and the 2M mode due to the variable lattice disorder induced in the samples during the growth process

Feasibility analysis of carbon nanofiber synthesis and morphology control using a LPG premixed flame

• Iftikhar Rahman Bishal,
• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Faizuan Bin Abdullah,
• I Putu Tedy Indrayana and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 581–590, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.45

• . A higher presence of defects was found before in CNFs via Raman spectroscopy [12]. A slightly elevated defect density was also observed in CNTs derived from LPG [16][31]. The D band and G band intensities show an ID/IG ratio of more than 1.13, which is a clear indicator for high disorder and

Nanomaterials in targeting amyloid-β oligomers: current advances and future directions for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and therapy

• Shiwani Randhawa,
• Trilok Chand Saini,
• Manik Bathla,
• Rahul Bhardwaj,
• Rubina Dhiman and
• Amitabha Acharya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 561–580, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.44

• , these therapies hold the potential to significantly improve cognitive outcomes and quality of life for individuals affected by AD, underscoring the importance of targeted interventions in combating this complex neurodegenerative disorder. Conventional approaches have shown promise in the detection and

N₂⁺-implantation-induced tailoring of structural, morphological, optical, and electrical characteristics of sputtered molybdenum thin films

• Usha Rani,
• Kafi Devi,
• Divya Gupta and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 495–509, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.38

• significantly relative to as-deposited Mo films of the same nominal thickness, as illustrated in Table 1. Nitrogen ions during implantation induced many lattice defects, including point defects, dislocations, and distortions, in the Mo crystal lattice, resulting in microstructural disorder and amorphization

Impact of adsorbate–substrate interaction on nanostructured thin films growth during low-pressure condensation

• Alina V. Dvornichenko,
• Vasyl O. Kharchenko and
• Dmitrii O. Kharchenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 473–483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.36

• types of atoms in the high-entropy alloy and z(m) = −2,…,2. In the two-dimensional lattice presentation, the interaction strength δ(r) with the randomly distributed z(m) = z(r) represents the δ-correlated quenched spatial disorder with ⟨δ(r)⟩ = δ0; Δ is the strength of the spatial disorder. Next, we

Pulsed laser in liquid grafting of gold nanoparticle–carbon support composites

• Madeleine K. Wilsey,
• Teona Taseska,
• Qishen Lyu,
• Connor P. Cox and
• Astrid M. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 349–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.26

• characteristic C 1s π–π* shake-up peak was larger and broadened in the pulsed laser-grafted gold nanoparticle–carbon fiber paper composite, compared to hydrophilic carbon fiber paper (Figure 4), indicating disorder and contributions from sp2- and sp3-hybridized carbon [58], as expected from the nanosecond laser

Radiosensitizing properties of dual-functionalized carbon nanostructures loaded with temozolomide

• Radmila Milenkovska,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Petre Makreski,
• Dushko Lukarski,
• Igor Stojkovski,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska and
• Kristina Mladenovska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 229–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.18

• dual-functionalized MWCNTs and MWCNTs-G, blank and TMZ-loaded, are presented in Figure 5. When analyzing these spectra, the following features were taken into consideration: the D (“disorder”) band, usually positioned around 1350 cm−1 and related to the degree of structural defects, deteriorations, and

Probing the potential of rare earth elements in the development of new anticancer drugs: single molecule studies

• Josiane A. D. Batista,
• Rayane M. de Oliveira,
• Carlos H. M. Lima,
• Milton L. Lana Júnior,
• Virgílio C. dos Anjos,
• Maria J. V. Bell and
• Márcio S. Rocha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 187–194, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.15

• -disorder statistical model that describes DNA interactions with small ligands was developed by our group in the past [22][19]. Such a model allows one to extract the binding parameters of a given interaction from the data of the persistence length as a function of the ligand concentration in the sample [22

• equilibrium association constant of the order of 105 M−1, that is, a considerably strong binding. To advance in the comparison, we fit the persistence length data of the complexes formed between DNA and ytterbium and neodymium with the quenched-disorder model presented, which is the same model used to analyze

• formed with erbium, in contrast, both mechanical parameters behave completely differently, as previously shown in Figure 1c and Figure 2c, suggesting a strong DNA compaction for compound concentrations above 0.04 μM. Such discontinuous behavior cannot be fitted with our quenched-disorder model to

Mechanistic insights into endosomal escape by sodium oleate-modified liposomes

• Ebrahim Sadaqa,
• Satrialdi,
• Fransiska Kurniawan and
• Diky Mudhakir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1667–1685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.131

• (with AUR), compared to the control value of 64.597 ± 1.050 Å2. As demonstrated by previous research, an increase in the area per lipid is generally indicative of looser packing of lipid molecules within the bilayer, correlating with increased membrane disorder [27]. These slight increases in APL

• suggest a minor loosening of the lipid packing, potentially reflecting a modest increase in membrane disorder. However, the similar mean APL values observed with both OLA and AUR agents suggest that the extent of this effect is comparable for both. This indicates that, while OLA and AUR may induce some

• degree of membrane disorder, the overall impact on lipid packing density is relatively small and does not significantly differ between the two agents. We further assessed the membrane’s structural and dynamic properties in the presence of OLA and AUR, focusing on membrane thickness, lipid tilt, radial

Polymer lipid hybrid nanoparticles for phytochemical delivery: challenges, progress, and future prospects

• Iqra Rahat,
• Pooja Yadav,
• Aditi Singhal,
• Mohammad Fareed,
• Jaganathan Raja Purushothaman,
• Mohammed Aslam,
• Raju Balaji,
• Sonali Patil-Shinde and
• Md. Rizwanullah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1473–1497, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.118

• therapeutic efficacy [44]. The development of PLHNPs for phytochemical delivery holds significant promise across various biomedical applications. PLHNPs can be utilized in cancer therapy, cardiovascular disease management, neurodegenerative disorder treatment, and other areas of medicine where phytochemicals

Effect of radiation-induced vacancy saturation on the first-order phase transformation in nanoparticles: insights from a model

• Aram Shirinyan and
• Yuriy Bilogorodskyy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1453–1472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.117

• . Disorder can arise from the recombination of these defects [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. In metals, for instance, the equilibrium concentration of thermal vacancies, even at high pre-melting temperatures, reaches values of only about 0.1% [10][11]. Therefore, in the following, we will focus on radiation

Atomistic insights into the morphological dynamics of gold and platinum nanoparticles: MD simulations in vacuum and aqueous media

• Evangelos Voyiatzis,
• Eugenia Valsami-Jones and
• Antreas Afantitis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 995–1009, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.81

• shape was looked into by Holec et al. [48], while Martin et al. considered silver NPs [49]. A comparative study of surface disorder in Au and Ag NPs upon cooling was carried out by Agudelo-Giraldo et al. [50]. Chushak and Bartell considered the structural modifications upon freezing of several molten Au

Effects of cutting tool geometry on material removal of a gradient nanograined CoCrNi medium entropy alloy

• Yu-Sheng Lu,
• Yu-Xuan Hung,
• Thi-Xuyen Bui and
• Te-Hua Fang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 925–940, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.76

• highest temperature at this position. Samples with small grain gradients, corresponding to a higher number of amorphous atoms, exhibit an increase in mixture disorder of the atoms, leading to higher kinetic energy, which generates more thermal energy [34]. Figure 7 displays the crystal structure evolution

Simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid and hypoxanthine at a TiO₂/graphene quantum dot-modified electrode

• Vu Ngoc Hoang,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Le Vu Truong Son,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Vo Thang Nguyen,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Ly Hoang Diem,
• Kieu Chan Ly,
• Ho Sy Thang and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 719–732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.60

• due to the vibrations of sp2-hybridized carbon atoms in graphene. The ratio of ID/IG is characteristic for the disorder of the graphene structure [29]. The characteristic vibrations for anatase are also observed in the Raman spectrum of the TiO2/GQDs sample. However, the D and G bands of GQDs shift to

Fabrication of nanocrystal forms of ᴅ-cycloserine and their application for transdermal and enteric drug delivery systems

• Hsuan-Ang Tsai,
• Tsai-Miao Shih,
• Theodore Tsai,
• Jhe-Wei Hu,
• Yi-An Lai,
• Jui-Fu Hsiao and
• Guochuan Emil Tsai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 465–474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.42

• has shown significant treatment efficacy for central nervous system (CNS) disorders including depression, schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The physicochemical properties of DCS, however, limit the options of formulation and medicinal applications of DCS, and

• disease, and post-traumatic stress disorder [13][14][15][16]. In general, solid dosage forms for oral administration are preferable for therapies against CNS disorders. Nevertheless, challenges persist with oral solid dosage forms, including issues of bioavailability and clinical efficacy [17]. On the

Classification and application of metal-based nanoantioxidants in medicine and healthcare

• Nguyen Nhat Nam,
• Nguyen Khoi Song Tran,
• Tan Tai Nguyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Trai,
• Nguyen Phuong Thuy,
• Hoang Dang Khoa Do,
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran and
• Kieu The Loan Trinh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 396–415, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.36

• ) account for many disorder conditions of blood vessels and heart. Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of plaque within arterial walls, is a major factor in strokes and myocardial infarctions and remains a substantial global health challenge. In recent years

Investigating ripple pattern formation and damage profiles in Si and Ge induced by 100 keV Ar⁺ ion beam: a comparative study

• Indra Sulania,
• Harpreet Sondhi,
• Tanuj Kumar,
• Sunil Ojha,
• G R Umapathy,
• Ambuj Mishra,
• Ambuj Tripathi,
• Richa Krishna,
• Devesh Kumar Avasthi and
• Yogendra Kumar Mishra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 367–375, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.33

• disorder with ion irradiation conditions, the RBS-c data were analyzed and the damage depth distribution (i.e., finite-difference frequency-domain, FDFD, as a function of depth) was extracted by using the simulation code “De-channelling In Crystals And Defect Analysis (DICADA)” [35]. The RBS-c results show

Exploring disorder correlations in superconducting systems: spectroscopic insights and matrix element effects

• Vyacheslav D. Neverov,
• Alexander E. Lukyanov,
• Andrey V. Krasavin,
• Alexei Vagov,
• Boris G. Lvov and
• Mihail D. Croitoru

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 199–206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.19

• Física, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza,Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 50740-560, Brasil 10.3762/bjnano.15.19 Abstract Understanding the intricate interplay between disorder and superconductivity has become a key area of research in condensed matter physics, with

• profound implications for materials science. Recent studies have shown that spatial correlations of disorder potential can improve superconductivity, prompting a re-evaluation of some theoretical models. This paper explores the influence of disorder correlations on the fundamental properties of

• superconducting systems, going beyond the traditional assumption of spatially uncorrelated disorder. In particular, we investigate the influence of disorder correlations on key spectroscopic superconductor properties, including the density of states, as well as on the matrix elements of the superconducting