Synthesis of carbon dot-mediated gold nanostructures: experimental and quantum chemical insights into turn-on fluorescence sensing of N-acetylcysteine

• Thuy-Huong Nguyen,
• Van-Nghia Nguyen,
• Ha Thi Thu Nguyen,
• Ha Ngoc Nguyen,
• Anh Duc Nguyen,
• Tuyen Viet Nguyen and
• Truong Xuan Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 1103–1116, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.75

• physicochemical properties of CDs, heteroatomic doping has been extensively studied [31]. Nitrogen-doped carbon dots (NCDs) are formed by introducing nitrogen atoms into carbon frameworks or functional groups on the surface. Nitrogen doping alters the electronic structure of the carbon core and creates surface

• approach for elucidating the molecular-level mechanisms governing the performance of nanomaterial-based fluorescent sensors [36][37][38]. DFT provides valuable insights into adsorption configurations, binding energies, charge redistribution, and electronic structures, thereby enabling the interpretation of

• electronic changes responsible for fluorescence quenching and recovery [43][44][45]. Therefore, integrating DFT calculations with experimental studies offers a comprehensive understanding of the sensing mechanism and facilitates the rational design of highly sensitive fluorescent nanosensors. Although carbon

Electrochemical sensing of sildenafil in pharmaceutical formulations using an (S,N)-doped reduced graphene oxide-modified electrode

• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Ngo Thi Thanh Xuan,
• Vo Thi Khanh Ly,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Le Duc Anh,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Nguyen Hai Phong,
• Pham Khac Lieu,
• Le Lam Son and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 1087–1102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.74

• number of active sites and insufficient selectivity toward specific analytes. To overcome these limitations, heteroatom doping has been proposed as an effective strategy to modulate the electronic structure and enhance catalytic activity [18][19]. In particular, nitrogen and sulfur co-doping has been

• combined results confirm that (S,N)-co-doping and reduction effectively modify the structural, textural, and electronic properties of GO, leading to enhanced electrochemical activity. These structural and surface modifications are expected to significantly improve the electrochemical performance of the (S

• incorporation of nitrogen and sulfur atoms can modify the electronic structure of graphene and introduce new electronic states, thereby facilitating charge-transfer processes. The PL results therefore further confirm the successful reduction and heteroatom functionalization of GO, in agreement with the XRD

Nanoglasses: a trail towards uncharted regions of vitreous materials and their properties?

• Gerhard Wilde and
• Horst Hahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 1047–1062, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.72

• of interface density and chemistry may enable tailoring of mechanical, diffusion, and functional properties, including enhanced plasticity, altered transport behaviour, and tuneable optical or electronic responses. Finally, open questions regarding interfacial structure, thermodynamic driving forces

Vibration-induced dynamic structural superlubricity on MoS₂/Au(111) under ultrahigh vacuum

• Shuyu Huang,
• Yiming Song,
• Antoine Hinaut,
• Gema Navarro-Marín,
• Antonio Cammarata,
• Ernst Meyer and
• Thilo Glatzel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 1039–1046, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.71

• difficult to change dynamically once the device is fabricated. Recently, electrical control has emerged as an important route for tuning nanoscale friction, particularly in low-dimensional materials [17][18]. For instance, the use of electric field or currents enable to change the electronic states or

• electrostatic interactions at the interface, offering high flexibility and fast response times. Despite these promising results, electrically driven friction control presents several inherent limitations. It is highly dependent on the interfacial electronic properties [8]. Furthermore, the degree of friction

Influence of an external electric field on the catalytic CO oxidation of nanoscaled CeO₂ and its La³⁺ and Gd³⁺ congeners

• Parastoo Jamshidi,
• Silvio Heinschke and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 1028–1038, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.70

• condition [16], indicating that the sign of the applied potential also affects the overall reaction rate. Very recently, the influence of an electric field on the oxidation of 1,2-dichloroethane on CeO2 and doped WOx/CeO2 has proven that a coupled mechanism of electronic conduction and lattice oxygen

• ][26]. Consistent with this, the doped samples show higher CO2 production than undoped nCeO2 (Figure 3). External electrical bias has been reported to influence catalytic reactions on solid surfaces by modifying interfacial charge distribution and coupled electronic and ionic defect processes

• , particularly near surfaces and electrode/oxide interfaces [16][27][28][29][30]. In ceria, these processes are closely connected to the Ce4+/Ce3+ redox couple and VO defect chemistry. A small polaron in nCeO2 can be described as a localized electron associated with a Ce3+ 4f state, and electronic charge

Synthesis and characterization of RF-sputtered ZnTe/Cu_2−xTe thin films for solar cell applications

• Gerardo Arreola Jardón,
• Susana Meraz Dávila,
• Claudia Elena Pérez García,
• Aime Margarita Gutiérrez Peralta and
• Sergio Joaquín Jiménez Sandoval

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 1016–1027, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.69

• an electronic microanalysis probe (EPMA) JXA-8530F. Multiple measurements were performed on different regions of each sample, and the reported values correspond to averaged compositions obtained using the ZAF correction method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were acquired using a D/Max-2100 (Rigaku

• %). At higher O concentrations, phase segregation may occur [31][32]. Furthermore, Cu incorporation at Zn sites is structurally plausible due to the similar ionic radii and electronic configurations of Cu2+ (73 pm) and Zn2+ (74 pm) [33], which facilitates substitutional doping without significant lattice

• literature [23][25][32], where Cu is preferentially incorporated into ZnTe lattice due to the similarity of its ionic radius and electronic configuration with Zn, leading to modifications in crystallinity and lattice-related parameters. In contrast, the oxygen contribution is not directly evidenced by XRD

Materials challenges in solid-state sensors for continuous monitoring of ions in water

• Maryam Darestani-Farahani and
• Peter Kruse

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 935–973, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.66

• essential for monitoring natural water resources, treatment facilities, and wastewater systems. Solid-state sensors have emerged as versatile platforms for this purpose due to their adaptability in geometry, compatibility with electronic integration, portability, and low energy requirements. A wide variety

• water systems from passive sampling regimes to active management systems [1]. Electronic ion-sensing platforms including electrochemical (ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) [6][7], amperometric and voltammetric sensors) and electrical (field-effect transistors (FETs) [8][9][10] and chemiresistors [11]) are

• wireless data transmission, be housed in a durable and weather-resistant enclosure and operate reagent-free and with little or no routine maintenance. Ideally, the system should also support network connectivity to enable remote access and continuous monitoring [17]. In summary, electronic ion sensors

Enhanced erosion resistance and radiation stability of WC–WO₃ nanocomposite films under 100 keV Kr⁺ ion irradiation

• Shristi Bist,
• Parswajit Kalita,
• Ratnesh K. Pandey,
• Sejal Shah,
• Richa Krishna,
• Umapathy G. R.,
• Sunil Ojha and
• Devesh K. Avasthi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 922–934, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.65

• ) resulting from ion irradiation in this study is significantly greater than the anticipated energy loss from lighter energetic particles typically expected in a fusion reactor. Here, 100 keV Kr+ ions (nuclear energy loss, Sn = 303.2 eV/Å; electronic energy loss, Se = 60.59 eV/Å) depositing a higher energy

Supramolecular one-dimensional conducting nanofibers from a C₃-symmetric tetrathiafulvalene derivative

• Yoko Tatewaki,
• Fumiya Hirose,
• Sadafumi Nishihara,
• Tomoyuki Akutagawa,
• Takayoshi Nakamura and
• Tsuyoshi Minami

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 872–881, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.63

• University, 1-3-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima 739-8526, Japan Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan Institute of Industrial Science, The University of

• promising platforms for the development of functional nanomaterials [9][10]. In particular, when electroactive molecules are employed, one-dimensional structures formed through self-assembly are expected to be applicable as nanowire materials in molecular electronic devices. Among them, tetrathiafulvalene

• columnar stacking structures [31][32][33]. Furthermore, expansion of the π-conjugated framework enhances electronic interactions between stacked units, and the cooperative incorporation of noncovalent interactions such as directional hydrogen bonding enables the construction of stable one-dimensional

Light-driven ammonia electrooxidation via carbon nitride–ruthenium molecular interfaces

• Jan Holub and
• Pablo Jiménez-Calvo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 854–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.61

• , electronic coupling, and catalyst stability differently. This perspective article examines how the structural diversity of the C3N4 allotropes, spanning semicrystalline polymeric C3N4, highly ordered poly(heptazine imide), and high-surface-area amorphous sulfur-doped C3N4, offers a tunable platform for

• protein scaffold. These antenna pigments absorb photons across a broad range of the visible spectrum and funnel the resulting electronic excitation energy, with near-unity quantum efficiency, to a specialised reaction centre. This energy funnelling process is called photosensitization: The antenna

• efficiency [13]. Each allotrope presents a distinct combination of optical, electronic, and surface properties, and their comparison in hybrid architectures is itself a source of mechanistic insight. Beyond allotrope selection, post-synthetic strategies offer a complementary route to tuning the optical and

Sustainable fabrication of 2D-based devices through reuse of substrates with microfabricated electrodes

• Ying Zhang,
• Yigit Sozen,
• Esteban Zamora-Amo,
• Thomas Pucher,
• Nuria Jiménez-Arévalo,
• Zdenek Sofer,
• Yong Xie and
• Andres Castellanos-Gomez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 818–827, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.58

• have mainly focused on epitaxial growth or electrochemical sensing applications. In contrast, this work addresses the reuse of substrates for 2D material-based electronic devices. The cleaning process consists of an ultrasonic bath in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) [23][24] at 50 °C, followed by acetone

• electronic devices, making the fabrication process more practical for laboratories with limited access to cleanroom or microfabrication facilities. Results and Discussion Figure 1a presents a schematic illustration of the cleaning process: The chip with pre-patterned electrodes that needs to be cleaned is

• gentle pressing using a cotton swab to promote adhesion. The sample was then annealed on a hotplate at 110 °C for 5 min to facilitate the transfer of films composed of MoS2 or WSe2 flakes. To ensure high-density coverage of the flakes, multiple sequential transfer steps were employed. For electronic

Glycerol photoelectrochemical oxidation reaction at carbon nitrides/BiVO₄ materials

• Charles Garcia da Cunha,
• Isabelle M. D. Gonzaga,
• Cristian Hessel,
• Izadora F. Reis,
• Ivo F. Teixeira,
• Lucia H. Mascaro and
• Elton Sitta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 806–817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.57

• BiVO4 synthesis, as indicated by thermogravimetric analysis. These findings highlight the dual importance of electronic compatibility and thermal resilience of CN materials in designing efficient heterojunction photoanodes for biomass-assisted hydrogen production. Keywords: biomass valorization

• intrinsic electronic properties, factors such as the nature of the alkali cations, synthesis method, and post-synthesis thermal treatments significantly influence the structural integrity and interfacial behavior of CN materials. Therefore, the design of efficient CN-based heterojunctions must consider not

Tuning the electronic properties of defect-rich MoS₂

• Eric Juriatti,
• Martina Binninger,
• Carolin Schüle,
• Maren Zirwick,
• Katarina Margetic,
• Erika Giangrisostomi,
• Marcus Scheele and
• Heiko Peisert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 796–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.56

• structural defects significantly affect the electronic properties of the material. The present study utilizes angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES) and surface-sensitive core-level spectroscopy (SXPS, XAS) with synchrotron radiation to investigate the interfaces between defect-rich MoS2 and

• perfluorinated cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPcF16). Defects were introduced in synthetic MoS2 bulk crystals by gentle argon and neon sputtering. Although the band structure is still visible after sputtering, especially SXPS reveals structural and electronic disturbances of the topmost MoS2 layer. We show how the

• disulfide (MoS2), has emerged as a promising candidate due to their distinctive properties as layered 2D materials with broadly tunable electronic structure [1][2][3]. While numerous studies have focused on single-layer MoS2 sheets, recent research has underscored the pivotal role of multilayer TMDCs in the

Substrate-dependent pore formation in molybdenum disulfide monolayers under ion irradiation

• Yossarian Liebsch,
• Umair Javed,
• Lucia Skopinski,
• Leon Daniel,
• Franziska Appel,
• Radia Rahali,
• Clara Grygiel,
• Henning Lebius,
• Carolin Frank,
• Lars Breuer,
• Leon Kirsch,
• Frieder Koch,
• Jani Kotakoski and
• Marika Schleberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 769–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.54

• highly charged ions (HCIs) and swift heavy ions (SHIs) – two types of ions that, despite having vastly different kinetic energies, both interact primarily with the electronic system of the target. Using scanning transmission electron microscopy, we quantify pore radii and pore formation efficiencies for

• under both HCI and SHI irradiation conclusively demonstrate the central role of substrate and interface-dependent electronic dissipation pathways regarding damage under these types of ion irradiation. Keywords: defects; MoS2; nanopores; SiO2; scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM

• -)electronic and catalytic functionality [14][15][16][17][18]. Ion irradiation has already proven effective for defect engineering across different energy regimes: Low-energy ions enable implantation with near-atomic precision [19][20][21], kiloelectronvolt ions primarily create point defects in monolayers [22

Tailoring Ag–Pt nanoalloys through solid-state dewetting: structural and optical insights

• Marcin Łapiński,
• Piotr Okoczuk,
• Blaž Grobiša,
• Ewa Pawlikowska,
• Amelia Rozwadowska,
• Wojciech Sadowski and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 748–759, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.52

• from the intrinsic electronic properties of platinum, whose Fermi level lies close to partially filled d-states. These d-electron transitions strongly enhance interband absorption, leading to damping of interband sp excitations and broadening of the resonance band. In consequence, it causes an increase

Oxidative atmosphere-driven formation of single-phase spinel CuRh₂O₄ nanofibers for alkaline water oxidation

• Namhee Kim,
• Sumin Ko,
• Sohyeon Choi,
• Seoyoon Jang,
• Myung Hwa Kim and
• Dasol Jin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 737–743, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.50

• attention due to their structural robustness and compositional tunability [2]. The spinel framework accommodates diverse metal cations with flexible site occupancy, enabling rational modulation of electronic structure and surface adsorption energetics of key OER intermediates [3], thereby offering a

• versatile strategy for performance optimization. Incorporation of 4d transition metals such as Rh into the spinel lattice provides an effective approach to further tailor catalytic properties. The presence of Rh3+ [4][5], with its more delocalized electronic structure compared to conventional 3d cations

Environmental applications of silver nanoparticles: state-of-the-art review and emerging trends

• Soni Prajapati,
• Akash Kumar and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 697–736, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.49

• spectroscopy (SERS) using AgNP nanocomposites could selectively detect polystyrene nanoparticles with a detection limit of 14 μg/mL [55]. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) provides information on the elemental composition, surface oxidation states, and electronic configuration of AgNPs [56]. This

Cellulose as a photocatalyst support material: extraction, structural features, and environmental applications

• Yee Teng Lim,
• Nur Farhana Jaafar,
• Azizul Hakim Lahuri and
• Endang Tri Wahyuni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 635–652, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.44

• ; the incorporation of specific chemical groups or materials enables synergistic effects that can impart electronic, magnetic, catalytic, fluorescent, or optical functionalities, thereby improving performance and expanding applications into more specialized fields. Today, cellulose and its derivatives

• , tunable performance, and strong biocompatibility, which collectively make them an excellent base material for wearable electronic devices [76][77]. Traditional hydrogels mainly contain water; water molecules form extensive hydrogen bonds that unfortunately lower the material’s resistance to cold

• significantly enhance the performance of electronic and optoelectronic devices [84]. Researchers have recently developed CNC network structures as versatile substrates for catalytic reactions, including reduction, oxidation, and coupling processes, and one of their key advantages lies in the ability to form

Two-step laser synthesis of Ag@TiO₂ nanomaterials for the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B

• Marija Kovačević,
• Miloš Tošić,
• Rafaela Radičić,
• Vladimir Rajić,
• Nikša Krstulović,
• Miloš Momčilović and
• Sanja Živković

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 622–634, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.43

• in the creation of new electronic states in the bandgap, demonstrating that the electron is driven at lower photon energy by a defective state of CB. Additionally, with the addition of Ag, an additional component in the broad band could be noticed in Figure 7a, and it could be associated with Ag

Recent progress in enhancing built-in electric fields of perovskite solar cells via junction engineering

• Tong Xiao and
• Ke Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 602–621, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.42

• , characterized by band discontinuities or polarization barriers. Its primary role is to modulate the local potential distribution and establish a stable BEF. In materials such as perovskites, which are mixed ionic–electronic conductors, the junction not only determines the driving force for carrier separation

• mainly due to the electronic compensation effect of the vertical Ge2+ gradient on Sn vacancies, which prevents the oxidation of Sn2+ to Sn4+ and minimizes deep-level defects. Additionally, the GE-I framework prevents ion migration and strain accumulation, suppressing failure from Sn vacancy diffusion and

• precise control over electronic properties and band alignment. However, conventional large-molecule incorporation methods often result in disordered vertical distribution of the 2D/3D phases and interfacial disorder, thereby weakening the formation of the BEF [75][76]. Long et al. [77] proposed a pre

Impacts of annealing on structural and photophysical properties of zinc phthalocyanine adsorbed on graphene

• Gautier Creutzer,
• Quentin Fernez,
• Nataliya Kalashnyk,
• Zohreh Safarzadeh,
• Lydia Sosa Vargas,
• Céline Fiorini-Debuisschert,
• Nicolas Fabre and
• Fabrice Charra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 576–585, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.39

• a promising route to design original and innovative electronic devices [1] such as diodes [2][3], transistors [4][5][6], photodetectors [7][8], solar cells [9][10][11], or light-emitting devices [12]. In such heterostructures most electronic processes take place at the interface between graphene and

• is thus important to develop a deep understanding about how to control the organization of π-conjugated molecules that are in contact with graphene and how this organization impacts their electronic excitations. In this context, porphyrins, phthalocyanines (Pcs) and their metalated complexes (MPcs

• fundamental research on organic semiconductors. The flexibility offered by the choice of the coordinated central metal cation permits to vary their electronic, photonic, and spin-related properties. It also influences their stacking geometry, in particular as a result of the change in relative stability of

Synthesis of Cu–Mo/TiO₂ and Co–Mo/TiO₂ photocatalysts for the efficient degradation of organic pollutants in water

• Ilse Acosta,
• Brenda Zermeño,
• Edgar Moctezuma,
• Luis F. Garay-Rodríguez and
• Isaías Juárez-Ramírez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 559–570, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.37

• into the semiconductor matrix. The incorporation of co-dopants results in the formation of heterostructures with different electronic structures compared to the TiO2 structure, which promotes charge separation and visible light absorption [6]. The incorporation of two types of cations into the TiO2

• could be balanced by the doping levels in TiO6 octahedra [3]. Mo6+ is a transition metal ion with high valence that exhibits exceptional optical, electronic, and catalytic characteristics [12]. There are a few reports about the doping of TiO2 with molybdenum [13][14][15][16]; it has been shown that Mo

Electrochemical determination of ciprofloxacin using a MIL-101/reduced graphene oxide-modified electrode

• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Nguyen Ngoc Nghia,
• Nguyen Vinh Phu,
• Vo Thi Khanh Ly,
• Le Lam Son,
• Pham Khac Lieu,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Nguyen Dinh Luyen and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 541–554, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.35

• residual oxygen-containing functional groups on rGO. Chromium (Cr), the metal center of MIL-101, is detected at 20.72 wt % (6.66 atom %), confirming the successful introduction of the MIL-101 framework (Figure 2). The chemical composition and electronic states of the MIL-101/rGO composite were investigated

Fractional shot noise of an SU(N) Kondo system

• Damian Krychowski and
• Stanisław Lipiński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 515–540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.34

• temperature evolution of Kondo peaks provide this information [57]. Although some information about correlations is hidden in the renormalization of transmission, a deeper insight into the correlations of electronic wave functions can be obtained from the shot noise; therefore, we especially focus in this

Probing internal continua and atomic ultrafast charge transfer within size-controlled nanoparticles by post-collision interaction in core-hole clock spectroscopy

• Johannes Lütgert,
• Erika Giangrisostomi,
• Nomi L. A. N. Sorgenfrei and
• Alexander Föhlisch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 505–514, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.33

• interpreting line shape asymmetries and peak shifts that are frequently observed but often overlooked in resonant Auger measurements. We show that the strongly enhanced PCI in the samples with one or three double layers can be attributed to reduced collective electronic screening. This comprehensive

• experimental approach enables the simultaneous observation of collective electronic properties and atom-specific dynamics within in a single measurement under identical sample conditions, an advance particularly valuable for complex, sensitive materials. Keywords: core-hole clock; nanoparticles; post

• -collision-interaction; quantum dots; resonant Auger spectroscopy; Introduction The interplay of electron localization, itinerance, and charge transfer is essential to functional nanoparticles and quantum dots (QDs) [1][2][3][4][5][6]. In terms of electronic structure properties, materials on the nanoscale