Multifunctional anionic nanoemulsion with linseed oil and lecithin: a preliminary approach for dry eye disease

• Niédja Fittipaldi Vasconcelos,
• Almerinda Agrelli,
• Rayane Cristine Santos da Silva,
• Carina Lucena Mendes-Marques,
• Isabel Renata de Souza Arruda,
• Priscilla Stela Santana de Oliveira,
• Mércia Liane de Oliveira and
• Giovanna Machado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1711–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.120

• efficacy and safety for ocular administration. Keywords: eye drops; micelles; low-energy method; ophthalmic vehicle; sample dilution; stability; Introduction Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial condition affecting the ocular surface, characterized by changes in tear fluid composition and/or

• nanoformulations of eye drops for treating DED [12][20][21][24][25][26][27]. These include mineral oil (found in Systane® Complete eye drops) [28], castor oil, phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine and/or hydrogenated phospholipids), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PFAs), and medium-chain triglycerides. Among these

• metalloproteinase-9, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and tumor necrosis factor [34][35][36]. Downie et al. reported strong clinical evidence supporting the efficacy of nanolipid carrier eye drops infused with omega–3 fatty acids in stabilizing the tear film in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction [31]. In

Microneedle-based ocular drug delivery systems – recent advances and challenges

• Piotr Gadziński,
• Anna Froelich,
• Monika Wojtyłko,
• Antoni Białek,
• Julia Krysztofiak and
• Tomasz Osmałek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1167–1184, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.98

• Abstract Eye diseases and injuries constitute a significant clinical problem worldwide. Safe and effective delivery of drugs to the eye is challenging mostly due to the presence of ocular barriers and clearance mechanisms. In everyday practice, the traditional eye drops, gels and ointments are most often

• preparations, the most commonly used are eye drops [49][50][51], ointments [52][53], or gels [54][55], containing the drug in a dissolved or suspended form [56][57]. They are applied by medical personnel or by the patient himself to the surface of the eye, to the conjunctival sac, or on the eyelid. Their main

• vivo experiments on pig excised cornea showed that, in comparison to Cyclomune eye drops, the application of the MNs resulted in higher values of drug flux and retention. CsA was evenly distributed within interior parts of the eye [187]. The presented studies indicate that the most important scientific