Heat-induced transformation of nickel-coated polycrystalline diamond film studied in situ by XPS and NEXAFS

• Olga V. Sedelnikova,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva,
• Dmitriy V. Gorodetskiy,
• Yuri N. Palyanov,
• Elena V. Shlyakhova,
• Eugene A. Maksimovskiy,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva and
• Aleksandr V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 887–898, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.67

• process occurring at the interface between diamond and Ni nanoparticles was revealed using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) [19][24]. During annealing, Ni nanoparticles etch the diamond surface, resulting in the formation of a narrow interdiffusion zone. The carbon atoms released

Insights into the electronic and atomic structures of cerium oxide-based ultrathin films and nanostructures using high-brilliance light sources

• Paola Luches and
• Federico Boscherini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 860–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.65

• sensitivity of the method and to selectively probe the surface and or deeper layers, like buried interfaces. Since the early studies of epitaxial cerium oxide films by Mullins and coworkers [22], it became clear that synchrotron radiation could provide high-resolution Ce 3d, Ce 4d, and valence band spectra

• resolution and the tunable surface sensitivity of synchrotron radiation-based XPS, as compared to conventional XPS, permits a more accurate description of the different contributions to the spectra. Figure 2 shows high-resolution synchrotron-radiation-based C 1s spectra, for different ethanol exposures at

• , “Growth and thermal properties of ultrathin cerium oxide layers on Rh(111)”, pages 173-185, Copyright (2002), with permission from Elsevier. This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0. High-resolution synchrotron radiation C 1s XPS spectra on CeO2(111) (a) and CeO2−x (111) (b) for different ethanol

Facile one-step radio frequency magnetron sputtering of Ni/NiO on stainless steel for an efficient electrode for hydrogen evolution reaction

• Ha Huu Do,
• Khac Binh Nguyen,
• Phuong N. Nguyen and
• Hoai Phuong Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 837–846, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.63

• attributed to a satellite peak. The presence of Ni3+ can be ascribed to the formation of NiOOH species originating from water adsorption on the surface of NiO. The high-resolution O 1s spectrum can be deconvoluted into three peaks, namely, O–Ni2+ (528.9 eV), O–Ni3+ (530.5 eV), and O–H (531.4 eV) [39]. To

• mapping of the Ni/NiO/SS-10 sample. (a) Survey XPS spectrum of Ni/NiO/SS-10. High-resolution XPS spectra of (b) Ni 2p3/2 and (c) O 1s. (a) Polarization curves of SS, Ni/NiO/SS-5, Ni/NiO/SS-10, Ni/NiO/SS-15, and Ni/NiO/SS-20 electrodes. (b) Corresponding Tafel slopes of electrodes. (c) Nyquist plots of

Synthesis and magnetic transitions of rare-earth-free Fe–Mn–Ni–Si-based compositionally complex alloys at bulk and nanoscale

• Shabbir Tahir,
• Tatiana Smoliarova,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia Shkodich and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 823–836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.62

• from the Al-based CCA target. High-resolution TEM images and diffractograms of PLAL-generated CCA NPs. (a) Ge-based CCA NP and (b) Al-based CCA NP. (a) ZFC-FC temperature-dependent magnetization (M–T curve) of the bulk Ge-based CCA. (b) Field-dependent magnetization curve at 5 and 300 K for the Ge

Supramolecular hydration structure of graphene-based hydrogels: density functional theory, green chemistry and interface application

• Hon Nhien Le,
• Duy Khanh Nguyen,
• Minh Triet Dang,
• Huyen Trinh Nguyen,
• Thi Bang Tam Dao,
• Trung Do Nguyen,
• Chi Nhan Ha Thuc and
• Van Hieu Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 806–822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.61

• GO nanosheets are visualized. In Figure 8d–f, SEM provided high-resolution images of the GO-SG-ZH/PLA film. The brush-coated layer of the GO-SG-ZH nanocomposite was not completely uniform since rough coating morphology was observed on the substrate surface. Two-dimensional graphene-based sheets

Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

• temperatures and amounts of sulfur. Characterization The morphological analyses of pyrite NPs were recorded using the FEI Titan G2 80–300 for TEM, high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM), high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). The

• all the samples, the peak position corresponding to the adventitious carbon value was fixed at 284.6 eV. A Shirley-type background baseline was used, and the Gaussian–Lorentzian sum function was applied for peak fitting. The high-resolution spectra of Fe 2p and S 2p after soft surface etching using

• exact binding energy values detected for Fe and S identified from high resolution spectra of Fe 2p and S 2p are given in Supporting Information File 1, Table S2. Optical properties of NPs and thin films Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2a shows the UV–vis spectra of FeS2 nanoparticles in different

Changes of structural, magnetic and spectroscopic properties of microencapsulated iron sucrose nanoparticles in saline

• Sabina Lewińska,
• Pavlo Aleshkevych,
• Roman Minikayev,
• Anna Bajorek,
• Mateusz Dulski,
• Krystian Prusik,
• Tomasz Wojciechowski and
• Anna Ślawska-Waniewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 762–784, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.59

• nm, cores, while the thickness of the shell seems constant ≈10 nm. The sucrose shell is homogenous; thus the individual cores appear to be well separated from each other. In Figure 3c, the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) image presents a single crystalline nanoparticle. The

• contamination from physiological saline, which was also proved by the XRD results. In Figure 11, for all the distinguished states, the high-resolution XPS measurements were performed, the results of which will be further analyzed. Figure 12 presents the spectra for FS0, while the results obtained for FST, due

Thickness dependent oxidation in CrCl₃: a scanning X-ray photoemission and Kelvin probe microscopies study

• Shafaq Kazim,
• Rahul Parmar,
• Maryam Azizinia,
• Matteo Amati,
• Muhammad Rauf,
• Andrea Di Cicco,
• Seyed Javid Rezvani,
• Dario Mastrippolito,
• Luca Ottaviano,
• Tomasz Klimczuk,
• Luca Gregoratti and
• Roberto Gunnella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 749–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.58

• showed that oxygen adsorption on cleaved surfaces facilitates the formation of a stable structure with charge transfer signatures, as identified by high-resolution photoemission spectroscopy [8]. It remains unclear whether similar effects occur in exfoliated thin flakes. Like in other materials, the

• correlation between the microscopic results and the surface potential of CrCl3 flakes at the nanoscale level using Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) [28]. KPFM is mainly employed to measure the local contact potential difference between the conductive AFM tip and the sample, allowing for high-resolution

• with an unfocused beam (≈2.0 μm diameter), while the high-resolution SPEM maps of 128 × 128 μm2 size using a piezoelectric driven stage were obtained with a focused beam (pixel size of 130 nm) by means of a Fresnel zone and a relatively broad energy resolution mode [23]. The SPEM maps were captured

Nanostructured materials characterized by scanning photoelectron spectromicroscopy

• Matteo Amati,
• Alexey S. Shkvarin,
• Alexander I. Merentsov,
• Alexander N. Titov,
• María Taeño,
• David Maestre,
• Sarah R. McKibbin,
• Zygmunt Milosz,
• Ana Cremades,
• Rainer Timm and
• Luca Gregoratti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 700–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.54

• addition to SPEM images, we also acquired high-resolution XP spectra from specific positions along the nanowire, as shown in Figure 2c for In 4d and P 2p core levels. A significant shift in binding energy is obvious between spectra obtained on the p-doped and on the n-doped segment of the nanowire. Since

• - and n-doped ends. In practice, the electrode with the n-doped segment was grounded, while a bias of +0.4, 0, or −0.3 V was applied to the electrode with the p-doped segment, resulting in forward-biased, unbiased, and backward-biased conditions of the p–n junction. High-resolution In 3d core-level

• (Au 4f, right). c) High-resolution In 4d (middle) and P 2p (right) core-level spectra obtained at n-doped (top) and p-doped (bottom) segments of the nanowire shown in b). The band structure across the p–n junction is indicated (left). d) In 3d SPEM image of the same nanowire, positions of the spectra

High-temperature epitaxial growth of tantalum nitride thin films on MgO: structural evolution and potential for SQUID applications

• Michelle Cedillo Rosillo,
• Oscar Contreras López,
• Jesús Antonio Díaz,
• Agustín Conde Gallardo and
• Harvi A. Castillo Cuero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 690–699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.53

• undergo during the ablation process. Figure 1 presents the deconvolution of high-resolution XPS peaks for Ta 4f, shown both before (Figure 1a,b) and after (Figure 1c,d) heating the substrate. The peaks were fitted using Gaussian functions. The relative atomic concentrations of Ta and N were calculated

Colloidal few layered graphene–tannic acid preserves the biocompatibility of periodontal ligament cells

• Teissir Ben Ammar,
• Naji Kharouf,
• Dominique Vautier,
• Housseinou Ba,
• Nivedita Sudheer,
• Philippe Lavalle and
• Vincent Ball

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.51

• , rising from 0.17 in graphite to 0.45 in the FLG–TA material. In addition, the high-resolution C 1s and O 1s spectra of the FLG–TA composite show the presence of carbonyl, ether, and hydroxy groups (Figure 2C,D). The percentage of those moieties in the FLG–TA material increases significantly with respect

• settle for 24 h. Physicochemical characterizations SEM images were obtained using a high-resolution scanning electron microscope (JEOL JSM 5600, France) operating at 10 kV with a working distance of 10 mm. FLG sheets were individually dispersed in water, and a few drops of the resulting solution were

• electron analyzer and a dual-anode source (Mg/Al). Samples were mounted on holders using conductive double-sided carbon adhesive tapes. XPS measurements utilized the monochromatic Al Kα line at 1486.6 eV. An initial survey scan identified elements present in each sample, followed by high-resolution scans

Nanoscale capacitance spectroscopy based on multifrequency electrostatic force microscopy

• Pascal N. Rohrbeck,
• Lukas D. Cavar,
• Franjo Weber,
• Peter G. Reichel,
• Mara Niebling and
• Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 637–651, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.49

• capacitive spectra obtained by this method on etched SiO2 microcapacitors, along with high-resolution high-frequency capacitance images obtained over self-assembled molecular F14H20. Tip–sample capacitance The total capacitance between sample and cantilever consists of contributions from tip apex, tip cone

• long-range electrostatic effects. Conclusion We have presented a novel method for high-resolution nanoscale capacitance characterization based on multifrequency electrostatic force microscopy, complementing established methods in the field. The key advantage of the multifrequency approach of MFH-EFM is

Retrieval of B1 phase from high-pressure B2 phase for CdO nanoparticles by electronic excitations in Cd_xZn_1−xO composite thin films

• Arkaprava Das,
• Marcin Zając and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 551–560, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.43

• film prior to further irradiation. The characterization of the thin films was performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) on a Bruker high-resolution X-ray diffractometer, employing a Cu Kα beam over a 2θ range of 30–50°. Raman spectroscopic measurements were conducted at room temperature with a SENTERRA

Functionalized gold nanoflowers on carbon screen-printed electrodes: an electrochemical platform for biosensing hemagglutinin protein of influenza A H1N1 virus

• Carlos Enrique Torres-Méndez,
• Sharmilee Nandi,
• Klara Martinovic,
• Patrizia Kühne,
• Yifan Liu,
• Sam Taylor,
• Maria Lysandrou,
• Maria Ines Berrojo Romeyro Mascarenhas,
• Viktoria Langwallner,
• Javier Enrique Sebastián Alonso,
• Ivana Jovanovic,
• Maike Lüftner,
• Georgia-Vasiliki Gkountana,
• David Bern,
• Abdul-Raouf Atif,
• Ehsan Manouchehri Doulabi,
• Gemma Mestres and
• Masood Kamali-Moghaddam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 540–550, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.42

• generate measurable signals that reflect the concentration of the analyte [7]. Among different types of biosensors, electrochemical biosensors are particularly advantageous, since they can be built from low-cost components, designed to be compact and portable, while preserving high resolution, accuracy

Electron beam-based direct writing of nanostructures using a palladium β-ketoesterate complex

• Chinmai Sai Jureddy,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Aleksandra Butrymowicz-Kubiak,
• Iwona B. Szymańska,
• Patrik Hoffmann and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 530–539, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.41

• effective dwell time with a 600 nm FWHM of the electron beam), and 2000 cycles. For deposit morphology observation, a high-resolution Hitachi S4800 FESEM was used. The chemical composition of the deposits was confirmed through energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) using a silicon drift detector from

• prepared on an ultrathin carbon support film spanning a lacey carbon membrane (Figure 2c). The deposit appears smeared because of drift caused by charging effects during the deposition process. High-resolution STEM imaging (Figure 2d,e) revealed a granular nanostructure with nanograins of around 2 nm in

• profiles along vertical and horizontal directions. (c) STEM image of the FEB deposit on a carbon membrane. (d) High-resolution STEM image from the center of the deposit. (e) High-resolution STEM image from the edge of the deposit. (f) SAED pattern from the edge of the deposit. Enlarged version of the

Pulsed laser in liquid grafting of gold nanoparticle–carbon support composites

• Madeleine K. Wilsey,
• Teona Taseska,
• Qishen Lyu,
• Connor P. Cox and
• Astrid M. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 349–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.26

• absence of a carbonaceous shell on the gold nanoparticles, evident from the detection of surface gold (Figure 4). The elements carbon and oxygen are present in hydrophilic carbon fiber paper (Figure 4A), as expected for this support material [22]. High-resolution C 1s region spectra required six peaks to

• ][56][57][58]. Two peaks were needed to fit the high-resolution O 1s region spectra with central binding energies of (532.0 ± 0.5) eV, consistent with C=O functional groups, and (533.5 ± 0.5) eV, assigned to C–O species [52][53][54][55], in keeping with prior data for hydrophilic carbon fiber paper [22

• treatment that enabled the embedding of gold atoms. Gold was additionally present in XPS data of the pulsed laser-grafted gold nanoparticle–carbon fiber paper composites (Figure 4B). High-resolution Au 4f data were fitted using a Gaussian–Lorentzian doublet with an orbital splitting of (3.5 ± 0.14) eV of Au

Graphene oxide–chloroquine conjugate induces DNA damage in A549 lung cancer cells through autophagy modulation

• Braham Dutt Arya,
• Sandeep Mittal,
• Prachi Joshi,
• Alok Kumar Pandey,
• Jaime E. Ramirez-Vick,
• Govind Gupta and
• Surinder P. Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 316–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.24

• nanoconjugates. The observed data with relative % are shown in Supporting Information File 1, Table S1. The morphological analysis of GO was carried out using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). In Supporting Information File 1, Figure

• -via reflex spectrometer, Tokyo, Japan) with a 514 nm Nd:Yag laser as the excitation source. The optical properties were measured employing a UV–vis spectrophotometer (Cary 5000 UV-VIS-NIR, Agilent, CA, USA) in the 200–800 nm range. The morphology of GO nanosheets was analyzed employing a high

• -resolution transmission electron microscope (Technai G2 F30 STWIN, Japan), field emission scanning electron microscope (FEI, Quanta FEG 450, USA), and atomic force microscope (Nanoscope, Veeco V, USA) [28][29][30]. Cell culture A549 cells from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA

Preferential enrichment and extraction of laser-synthesized nanoparticles in organic phases

• Theo Fromme,
• Maximilian L. Spiekermann,
• Florian Lehmann,
• Stephan Barcikowski,
• Thomas Seidensticker and
• Sven Reichenberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 254–263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.20

• detectible. Extinction values for the Cu and Fe colloids can be found in Supporting Information File 1, Table S1 and Table S2, and the fractions of colloidal NPs in the propylene carbonate phase are found in Supporting Information File 1, Table S3. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM

Recent advances in photothermal nanomaterials for ophthalmic applications

• Jiayuan Zhuang,
• Linhui Jia,
• Chenghao Li,
• Rui Yang,
• Jiapeng Wang,
• Wen-an Wang,
• Heng Zhou and
• Xiangxia Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 195–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.16

• ), fluorescence imaging (FI), scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO), and fundus photography have significantly changed the diagnosis and monitoring of ocular diseases [174][175][176]. OCT is the most prevalent ophthalmic imaging technique, providing high-resolution and high-sensitivity imaging; however, the test

A review of metal-organic frameworks and polymers in mixed matrix membranes for CO₂ capture

• Charlotte Skjold Qvist Christensen,
• Nicholas Hansen,
• Mahboubeh Motadayen,
• Nina Lock,
• Martin Lahn Henriksen and
• Jonathan Quinson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 155–186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.14

• high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Utilizing smaller MOF filler sizes is a straightforward approach to improve filler dispersion. The contact area with the polymer matrix increases when the size of MOF particles is decreased, promoting adhesion, and reducing interfacial defects

Fabrication of hafnium-based nanoparticles and nanostructures using picosecond laser ablation

• Abhishek Das,
• Mangababu Akkanaboina,
• Jagannath Rathod,
• R. Sai Prasad Goud,
• Kanaka Ravi Kumar,
• Raghu C. Reddy,
• Ratheesh Ravendran,
• Katia Vutova,
• S. V. S. Nageswara Rao and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1639–1653, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.129

• and HfC in toluene and anisole can be attributed to chemical interactions between the ablated Hf atoms and the liquid medium. Careful observation of high-resolution TEM images revealed the formation of core–shell structures for the particles obtained in anisole and toluene (Figure 4b,c). In contrast

• distributions, and SAED patterns of laser-ablated NPs in (a–c) DW, (d–f) toluene, and (g–i) anisole. High-resolution TEM images of laser-ablated NPs in (a) DW, (b) toluene, and (c) anisole. Zoomed TEM images of the shell-like structures shown in Figure 4b and Figure 4c for (a) toluene and (b) anisole (the d

Natural nanofibers embedded in the seed mucilage envelope: composite hydrogels with specific adhesive and frictional properties

• Agnieszka Kreitschitz and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1603–1618, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.126

• rather thin (2–3 nm), which makes their differentiation from other polysaccharides (pectins and hemicelluloses) rather difficult. The size of the microfibrils of the secondary cell wall (20–30 nm) [53] makes their observation easier, particularly using high-resolution microscopy techniques, such as

Ultrablack color in velvet ant cuticle

• Vinicius Marques Lopez,
• Wencke Krings,
• Juliana Reis Machado,
• Stanislav Gorb and
• Rhainer Guillermo-Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1554–1565, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.122

• different magnifications, starting at 15,000× and adjusted as needed. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) TEM was utilized to examine the internal cuticle morphology at high resolution at a nanometer scale. The apparatus was configured to operate at 50 kV with a minimum vacuum column pressure of 5.10

• measurements were conducted using a high-resolution optical fiber spectrometer (Flame; Ocean Insight, Inc., Dunedin, FL, USA), equipped with a DH-2000-BAL light source (Ocean Insight, Inc.) and an optical fiber probe consisting of a 400 µm detector and a light guide. Spectral luminance was controlled using a

Electrochemical nanostructured CuBTC/FeBTC MOF composite sensor for enrofloxacin detection

• Thi Kim Ngan Nguyen,
• Tien Dat Doan,
• Huy Hieu Luu,
• Hoang Anh Nguyen,
• Thi Thu Ha Vu,
• Quang Hai Tran,
• Ha Tran Nguyen,
• Thanh Binh Dang,
• Thi Hai Yen Pham and
• Mai Ha Hoang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1522–1535, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.120

• existence of C (284 eV), O (532 eV), Fe (712 and 726 eV), and Cu (935 eV). The C 1s XPS spectrum of the (Cu)(Fe)BTC sample (Figure 2b) reveals four peaks attributed to C=C/C–C (284.78 eV), C–O (285.42 eV), C=O (286.11 eV), and O–C=O (288.62 eV) [39]. The high-resolution O 1s XPS spectrum (Figure 2c) can be

• room temperature (25 ± 1 °C). (a) XRD pattern and (b) N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms of the (Cu)(Fe)BTC sample. Full-scan (a) and high-resolution C 1s (b), O 1s (c), Fe 2p (d), and Cu 2p (e) XPS spectra of the (Cu)(Fe)BTC sample. TEM image of (Cu)(Fe)BTC sample. SEM images of (Cu)(Fe)BTC@CPE (a

A biomimetic approach towards a universal slippery liquid infused surface coating

• Ryan A. Faase,
• Madeleine H. Hummel,
• AnneMarie V. Hasbrook,
• Andrew P. Carpenter and
• Joe E. Baio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1376–1389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.111

• flood gun. Scans were collected with a takeoff angle of 55° at a pressure below 3 × 10−9 Torr. A pass energy of 187.5 eV with a step size of 0.8 eV was used for the survey scans, and the high resolution had a pass energy of 23.5 eV and a step size of 0.5 eV/step. Spectra were collected with an X-ray

• steps. XPS survey and high-resolution C 1s spectra collected from PDA–FDT-coated substrates can be found in Figure 3. All survey spectra (Figure 3a,c,e) are nearly identical across the three substrates, which suggests a uniform FDT coating across the three different sample types. High-resolution C 1s

• stem from the PDA layer, while the fluorinated species can be attributed to the FDT layer covalently attached the PDA film. This covalent attachment is also confirmed by the XPS S 2p high-resolution spectra (Supporting Information File 1), which exhibited the same peak envelope across all the three