Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications

• Shakhzodjon Uzokboev,
• Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov,
• Ra’no Nuritdinova,
• Salah M. Tawfik and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88

• sensing capabilities of alginate-based nanoparticles have been explored in various studies. One study by Han et al. [121] suggested to use a low-cost and environmentally friendly surface acoustic wave (SAW) humidity sensor made of sodium alginate (SA) hydrogel. The hydroxy and carboxylate groups can

• kilohertz. Another alginate-based humidity sensor is carbonized lignin-loaded sodium alginate (CL/SA). The CL/SA composite film provided extremely high sensitivity, low hysteresis, and consistent repeatability throughout a wide relative humidity range of 11–97%. Furthermore, the CL/SA sensor allowed for

• easily adsorb H2O molecules to generate hydrogen bonds. These adsorbed H2O molecules considerably improve the SAW sensor’s mass loading and signal responses. The authors compared SEM images and frequency responses, and they found that a single layer of sodium alginate film is best for this SAW humidity

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

• Aisha Kanwal,
• Naheed Bibi,
• Sajjad Hyder,
• Arif Muhammad,
• Hao Ren,
• Jiangtao Liu and
• Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

• to synthesize CDs via hydrothermal route. The reported CDs showed good selectivity for Cd2+ ions with a wide linear range and limit of detection of 0.01–8 μM and 0.29 nM, respectively [72]. Chaudhary et al. reported CDs using roasted gram as a green precursor, which act as a humidity sensor. Two

Nanogenerator-based self-powered sensors for data collection

• Yicheng Shao,
• Maoliang Shen,
• Yuankai Zhou,
• Xin Cui,
• Lijie Li and
• Yan Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 680–693, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.54

• . Modaresinezhad et al. used a DC nanogenerator based on ZnO nanosheets as room-temperature self-powered humidity sensor [103]. This new type of self-powered gas sensors will be an important development direction for the next generation of gas sensors [95]. In addition, the above self-powered sensors show that

Paper-based triboelectric nanogenerators and their applications: a review

• Jing Han,
• Nuo Xu,
• Yuchen Liang,
• Mei Ding,
• Junyi Zhai,
• Qijun Sun and
• Zhong Lin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 151–171, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.12

• (e.g., humidity and height sensors) have been rarely reported. Recently, Ejehi et al. proposed a self-powered humidity sensor based on a graphene oxide (GO) paper-based TENG [151], which showed an outstanding power density as high as 1.3 W·m−2, a Voc of up to 870 V and a Isc of 1.4 µA·cm−2. GO was

• groups on its surface. The basis of a GO humidity sensor is the variation of impedance or capacitance owing to the tendency of the water molecules to be adsorbed on the GO surface. The rich functional groups of GO and the flexibility of GO paper deliver the significant potential for a less complicated

• TENG structure with a high sensitivity and a wide range of humidity detection. The corresponding mechanism of a self-powered GO P-TENG humidity sensor is displayed in Figure 8a. In general, GO P-TENG sensors respond to humidity due to the physical adsorption of water molecules on the surface of the GO

Triboelectric nanogenerator based on Teflon/vitamin B1 powder for self-powered humidity sensing

• Liangyi Zhang,
• Huan Li,
• Yiyuan Xie,
• Jing Guo and
• Zhiyuan Zhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1394–1401, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.123

• measured open-circuit voltage was approximately 340 V. The TVB-TENG can be applied as a humidity sensor and exhibits a linear and reversible response to the relative humidity of the environment. Moreover, the change in relative humidity is also indicated by the change in luminosity of a set of light

• -emitting diodes (LEDs) integrated in the TVB-TENG system. The TVB-TENG proposed in this study illustrates a cost-effective method for portable power supply and sensing devices. Keywords: humidity sensor; self-powered system; triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs); triboelectrification; vitamin B1

• -free humidity sensors by using biocompatible collagen nanofibrils [43]. More recently, Zhang et al. developed a TENG-driven self-powered flexible humidity sensor based on a tin disulfide nanoflower/reduced graphene oxide (SnS2/rGO) hybrid nanomaterial [44]. However, the large-scale application of TENGs

Review of advanced sensor devices employing nanoarchitectonics concepts

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Tatsuyuki Makita,
• Masato Ito,
• Taizo Mori,
• Shun Watanabe and
• Jun Takeya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2014–2030, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.198

• -driven actuation material for a triboelectric nanogenerator device to realize a highly sensitive humidity sensor [99] (Figure 5). The reaction of the sensing materials to humidity results in electrical changes for sensing. The perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer membrane has perpendicularly extended

• nanoarchitectonics concept and its contributions to sensor design and fabrication. A water-gated bio-organic transistor with odorant binding proteins for the discrimination of chiral substances. Highly sensitive humidity sensor based on a triboelectric nanogenerator device where nanochannels in the membrane adsorb

Hydrophilicity and carbon chain length effects on the gas sensing properties of chemoresistive, self-assembled monolayer carbon nanotube sensors

• Juan Casanova-Cháfer,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Eduard Llobet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 565–577, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.58

• concentrations of nitrogen dioxide, in a real application these effects could be compensated for via the use of a humidity sensor and an appropriate calibration. The presence of an adsorbed water layer on hydrophilic thiol sensors and the reported water-mediated adsorption of nitrogen dioxide could explain the

Temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy and sensor applications of PtSe₂ nanosheets synthesized by wet chemistry

• Mahendra S. Pawar and
• Dattatray J. Late

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 467–474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.46

• well with the reported 2D transition metal dichalcogenides. A PtSe2 nanosheet-based sensor device was tested for its applicability as a humidity sensor and photodetector. The humidity sensor based on PtSe2 nanosheets showed an excellent recovery time of ≈5 s, indicating the great potential of PtSe2 for

• comparison of the temperature coefficient values corresponding to various 2D materials are shown in Table 2. The value of Δω for both Eg and A1g modes was found to be 6.11 cm−1 and 3.14 cm−1, respectively. Humidity sensor and photodetector based on few-layer PtSe2 nanosheets Figure 7a shows the typical

• time for the PtSe2-based humidity sensor device was found to be 118 s and 5 s, respectively. The advantage of the PtSe2-based humidity sensor device is its rapid recovery and its functionality at room temperature. Figure 7c shows a typical I–V plot in dark conditions and under green light illumination

Graphene-enhanced metal oxide gas sensors at room temperature: a review

• Dongjin Sun,
• Yifan Luo,
• Marc Debliquy and
• Chao Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2832–2844, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.264

• humidity [45][46][47][52][73][74][75][83][87][96]. In a recent study, a humidity sensor based on SnO2–rGO fabricated by Zhang et al. [102] showed a high sensitivity over the full range of humidity at room temperature, which demonstrated that these types of composite sensors are moisture-sensitive by nature

Electrospun one-dimensional nanostructures: a new horizon for gas sensing materials

• Muhammad Imran,
• Nunzio Motta and
• Mahnaz Shafiei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2128–2170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.202

Scanning speed phenomenon in contact-resonance atomic force microscopy

• Christopher C. Glover,
• Jason P. Killgore and
• Ryan C. Tung

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 945–952, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.87

• cyanoacrylate. A razor blade was then used to cleave the sample, leaving behind a pristine sample surface. The sample was placed in a closed AFM flow-cell with an integrated relative humidity sensor. A cantilever with spring constant kL = 1.7 ± 0.2 N/m and first free resonance = 61.85 ± 0.1 kHz was mounted to

Synthesis of coaxial nanotubes of polyaniline and poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) by oxidative/initiated chemical vapor deposition

• Alper Balkan,
• Efe Armagan and
• Gozde Ozaydin Ince

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 872–882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.89

• techniques allowed for fine-tuning of the thickness of the individual layers, keeping the functionalities of the polymers intact. The response of the single components and the coaxial nanotubes to changes in humidity was investigated for potential humidity sensor applications. For single-component conductive

• then etched to release the nanotubes. (c) Coaxial PANI/pHEMA nanotubes are prepared by first coating the pores of templates with PANI polymer using oCVD, followed by iCVD coating of the pores with pHEMA. As the final step the templates are etched to release the nanotubes. Experimental setup of humidity

• sensor measurements. (a) The sealed box containing the salt solution, the hygrometer and the nanotube sample. (b) The two-point probe station used for the resistance measurements. The probe station is outside the sealed box. (c) Optical microscope image of the gold electrodes. Salt solutions and the

Nanostructured SnO₂–ZnO composite gas sensors for selective detection of carbon monoxide

• Paul Chesler,
• Cristian Hornoiu,
• Susana Mihaiu,
• Cristina Vladut,
• Jose Maria Calderon Moreno,
• Mihai Anastasescu,
• Carmen Moldovan,
• Bogdan Firtat,
• Costin Brasoveanu,
• George Muscalu,
• Ion Stan and
• Mariuca Gartner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2045–2056, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.195

• . The response to water vapor is very low when compared to the S4 composite sensor which has a very high response to humidity even at room temperature. This sensor is being considered for the further development of a humidity sensor. Sensor cross-response measurements To avoid false positives, gas

• response to humidity at room temperature. This sensor may be proposed for further development of a humidity sensor. The optimized version of the transducer. The microheater resistive circuit width is 1200 µm (1.2 mm). With an input voltage of 12 V, a maximum achieved temperature of 214 °C is reached. The

Length-extension resonator as a force sensor for high-resolution frequency-modulation atomic force microscopy in air

• Hannes Beyer,
• Tino Wagner and
• Andreas Stemmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 432–438, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.38

• temperature and humidity sensor (SHT71, Sensirion AG [22]). Basic image processing (e.g., levelling) is done with the Gwyddion software [23]. To determine the sensitivity S of the LER a thermal noise spectrum was acquired around the resonance frequency (Figure 1c). Integration over the noise power spectral

Functional fusion of living systems with synthetic electrode interfaces

• Oskar Staufer,
• Sebastian Weber,
• C. Peter Bengtson,
• Hilmar Bading,
• Joachim P. Spatz and
• Amin Rustom

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 296–301, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.27

• the Physarum/NEI preparation as an “autonomous” humidity sensor, employing the cell’s intrinsic capability to respond to environmental humidity changes [6]. Physarum/NEI sandwiches were prepared as described and the potential was recorded over time (Figure 4) while the humidity inside the experimental

Synthesis of boron nitride nanotubes and their applications

• Saban Kalay,
• Zehra Yilmaz,
• Ozlem Sen,
• Melis Emanet,
• Emine Kazanc and
• Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 84–102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.9

• combined with the properties of other nanomaterials to construct novel sensor devices for humidity, carbon dioxide detection, and clinical diagnostics. A highly sensitive humidity sensor using BNNTs and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for the rapid detection of humidity was fabricated [90]. Figure 8 shows the

• humidity sensor system. The adsorption–desorption tests showed that the AgNP–BNNT material had a potentially fast response/recovery time of 100/15 s for the detection of relative humidity at room temperature [90]. The use of Ni-encapsulated BNNTs in optomagnetic-based sensors with respect to their magnetic

Selective surface modification of lithographic silicon oxide nanostructures by organofunctional silanes

• Thomas Baumgärtel,
• Christian von Borczyskowski and
• Harald Graaf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 218–226, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.22

• the ambient atmosphere the microscope was placed under a closed PMMA dome, which can be purged with dry nitrogen or water-vapor-saturated nitrogen. The humidity was measured by using a “SHT15” digital humidity sensor (Sensirion AG, Switzerland). Lithography of diverse patterns was performed by