Zeolite materials with Ni and Co: synthesis and catalytic potential in the selective hydrogenation of citral

• Inocente Rodríguez-Iznaga,
• Yailen Costa Marrero,
• Tania Farias Piñeira,
• Céline Fontaine,
• Lexane Paget,
• Beatriz Concepción Rosabal,
• Arbelio Penton Madrigal,
• Vitalii Petranovskii and
• Gwendoline Lafaye

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 520–529, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.40

• with Ni2+ and Co2+ chloride solutions through traditional ion exchange (IE) and impregnation (Imp) processes. Special attention was given to analyzing the cationic and anionic composition of the resulting materials. The catalytic potential was evaluated in the selective hydrogenation of citral, focused

• produce unsaturated alcohols, suggesting that synergistic Ni–Co interactions played a role in their formation. Keywords: citral hydrogenation; cobalt–nickel mixture; impregnation; ion exchange; natural zeolite; Introduction Numerous publications in the literature highlight zeolites modified with

• zeolite and Cu(II) nitrate solution, using two different methods, namely, conventional solution ion exchange and incipient wetness impregnation, followed by calcinations at 600 °C in air [5]. The authors reported that, among both zeolites, the Cu–Y material obtained by impregnation followed by calcination

TiO₂ immobilized on 2D mordenite: effect of hydrolysis conditions on structural, textural, and optical characteristics of the nanocomposites

• Marina G. Shelyapina,
• Rosario Isidro Yocupicio-Gaxiola,
• Gleb A. Valkovsky and
• Vitalii Petranovskii

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 128–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.12

• in a mechanical mixture of TiO2 with microporous zeolite, but higher than for composites obtained by a liquid impregnation method [40]. Thermogravimetric (TG) profiles of the studied samples together with the derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) curves are shown in Figure 6. As can be seen, mass loss

Photocatalytic methane oxidation over a TiO₂/SiNWs p–n junction catalyst at room temperature

• Qui Thanh Hoai Ta,
• Luan Minh Nguyen,
• Ngoc Hoi Nguyen,
• Phan Khanh Thinh Nguyen and
• Dai Hai Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1132–1141, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.92

• configuration advantages [34][35][36]. However, the wetness impregnation synthesis of those powder co-catalysts faces the issues of low surface area, low reproducibility, and difficult control of large-scale production. Therefore, the development of novel catalysts with unique morphologies by using precise

Recent trends in Bi-based nanomaterials: challenges, fabrication, enhancement techniques, and environmental applications

• Vishal Dutta,
• Ankush Chauhan,
• Ritesh Verma,
• C. Gopalkrishnan and
• Van-Huy Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1316–1336, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.109

Electrocatalytic oxygen reduction activity of AgCoCu oxides on reduced graphene oxide in alkaline media

• Iyyappan Madakannu,
• Indrajit Patil,
• Bhalchandra Kakade and
• Kasibhatta Kumara Ramanatha Datta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1020–1029, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.89

• -workers reported the ORR activity of Ag–Co NPs dispersed on Vulcan XC72 carbon by incipient-wetness impregnation [22]. In general, the addition of a third metal to a bimetallic composition is considered to be an effective method to augment the absorption energy and improve the kinetics of the ORR [23]. Gu

A photonic crystal material for the online detection of nonpolar hydrocarbon vapors

• Evgenii S. Bolshakov,
• Aleksander V. Ivanov,
• Andrei A. Kozlov,
• Anton S. Aksenov,
• Elena V. Isanbaeva,
• Sergei E. Kushnir,
• Aleksei D. Yapryntsev,
• Aleksander E. Baranchikov and
• Yury A. Zolotov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 127–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.9

• ) formation of a sensitive polymer matrix, (b) impregnation of the reagent, (c) immobilization of the reagent and (d) preparation of the sensor elements from molecularly imprinted polymers. Organic solvents are usually detected by using polymer matrix sensors (Table 1) through matrix interaction [7][8][9][15

• ][16]. The impregnation and immobilization methods are rather close; they are used for the determination of inorganic ions (Cu2+, Pb2+, Hg2+, Ni2+ and Cd2+) [2][11][17][18][19] and organic molecules of simple and complex structure (glucose, organophosphates, urea, creatinine, ciprofloxacin and sarin

Progress and innovation of nanostructured sulfur cathodes and metal-free anodes for room-temperature Na–S batteries

• Marina Tabuyo-Martínez,
• Bernd Wicklein and
• Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 995–1020, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.75

• physical and chemical impregnation, mechanical mixing and self-assembly. Straightforward approaches are sulfur melt and vapor impregnation of suitable matrices. These routes require heating to temperatures above the melting (115 °C) and boiling (446 °C) point of sulfur, respectively. While the former

• methodology is more prone to generate rather thick and bulky sulfur layers, the latter can produce fine particles down to molecular sulfur species (S8) deposited on and within porous host materials [53]. Many cathodes of Na–S batteries are fabricated by the impregnation approach. In a recent work, 10 nm S NPs

• were synthesized inside carbon nanotubes by the melt diffusion method (Figure 7A) [54]. The resulting capacity of the Na–S battery after 2500 cycles at 1 A·g−1 was 80 mAh·g−1. Likewise, sulfur impregnation of hollow carbon nanocages rendered cathodes of 395 mAh·g−1 at 1 A·g−1 for 850 cycles [45

Nanocasting synthesis of BiFeO₃ nanoparticles with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity

• Thomas Cadenbach,
• Maria J. Benitez,
• A. Lucia Morales,
• Cesar Costa Vera,
• Luis Lascano,
• Francisco Quiroz,
• Alexis Debut and
• Karla Vizuete

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1822–1833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.164

• . The phase purity of the product depends on the type of carboxylic acid used in the synthesis of the metal precursors, the type of solvent in the wet impregnation process, and the calcination procedure. By using tartaric acid in the synthesis of the metal precursors, acidified 2-methoxyethanol in the

• wet impregnation process and a calcination procedure with intermediate plateaus, monodisperse 5.5 nm BiFeO3 nanoparticles were successfully obtained. Furthermore, the nanoparticles were applied in photodegradation reactions of rhodamine B in aqueous solution under visible-light irradiation. Notably

• impregnation nanocasting technique using SBA-15 as the hard-template and in situ generated mixed metal carboxylates as precursors. Reaction optimization included the study of the influence of different organic ligands, solvents, molar ratio of the precursors, and calcination temperature. The techniques used to

Targeted therapeutic effect against the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 with a CuFe₂O₄/silica/cisplatin nanocomposite formulation

• B. Rabindran Jermy,
• Vijaya Ravinayagam,
• Widyan A. Alamoudi,
• Dana Almohazey,
• Hatim Dafalla,
• Lina Hussain Allehaibi,
• Abdulhadi Baykal,
• Muhammet S. Toprak and
• Thirunavukkarasu Somanathan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2217–2228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.214

• theranostic applications. In this study, 30 wt % CuFe2O4 was impregnated into a matrix of monodispersed spherical hydrophilic silica (HYPS) nanoparticles through a simple dry impregnation technique. The chemotherapy drug cisplatin was loaded through electrostatic equilibrium adsorption over 24 h in normal

• ZnFe2O4/MCM-41 and NiFe2O4/MCM-41 synthesized via the wet impregnation technique has been studied and compared with bare ferrites. The findings show that ferrites enclosed inside the non-magnetic hexagonal pores of MCM-41 exhibit less dipolar interactions, which reduces the magnetization value due to the

• < 0.001; **** p < 0.0001 versus control. N.S. indicates non-significant. Results and Discussion Figure 1 shows the PXRD patterns of 30 wt % CuFe2O4 loaded onto HYPS using the dry impregnation technique. The presence of broad peaks due to the amorphous nature of the siliceous framework of HYPS was observed

The influence of porosity on nanoparticle formation in hierarchical aluminophosphates

• Matthew E. Potter,
• Lauren N. Riley,
• Alice E. Oakley,
• Panashe M. Mhembere,
• June Callison and
• Robert Raja

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1952–1957, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.191

• porosity. Specifically, we compare three known methods for nanoparticle preparation, incipient wetness (IW), wet impregnation (WI) and ammonia evaporation (AE), on the typical microporous (MP-SAPO-5) and corresponding hierarchically porous system (HP-SAPO-5) [15][16]. MP-SAPO-5 was synthesised according to

Layered double hydroxide/sepiolite hybrid nanoarchitectures for the controlled release of herbicides

• Ediana Paula Rebitski,
• Margarita Darder and
• Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1679–1690, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.163

• used strategies included wet impregnation and layer-by-layer approaches to produce diverse type of multilayer heterostructures, e.g., ZnCr-LDH/TiO2 films [30], in situ formation of the LDH in presence of other nanoparticles, e.g., sepiolite [31], and reconstruction of the LDH from parent “layered

Nanoporous smartPearls for dermal application – Identification of optimal silica types and a scalable production process as prerequisites for marketed products

• David Hespeler,
• Sanaa El Nomeiri,
• Jonas Kaltenbach and
• Rainer H. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1666–1678, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.162

• performed by supercritical carbon dioxide processing [28], but it is expensive. Loading is also possible by the impregnation–evaporation method [29], but this is less suitable for large-scale production. In this study, the immersion–evaporation method [30] was applied and systematically investigated to

• processing method should be a one-step method. This excludes the impregnation–evaporation process, because in many cases one impregnation step is not sufficient to reach the anticipated loading. Thus, the immersion–evaporation process was selected. The evaporation time of the solvent removal step ranged from

• previous studies with the impregnation–evaporation method [24] because it has a high solubility and thus reduces the number of loading steps. The disadvantage was the long time required for solvent removal at high temperatures (>80 °C), which can cause degradation of the active agent. In addition, it is

Upcycling of polyurethane waste by mechanochemistry: synthesis of N-doped porous carbon materials for supercapacitor applications

• Christina Schneidermann,
• Pascal Otto,
• Desirée Leistenschneider,
• Sven Grätz,
• Claudia Eßbach and
• Lars Borchardt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1618–1627, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.157

• either by solution-based impregnation with nitrogen-containing precursors, e.g., melamine or urea [19][46], or via post-treatment processes with gaseous, nitrogen-containing precursors, e.g., N2 or NH3, at high temperatures [31][47][48]. In PU nitrogen is already part of the urethane group rendering it a

Photoactive nanoarchitectures based on clays incorporating TiO₂ and ZnO nanoparticles

• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky,
• Pilar Aranda,
• Marwa Akkari,
• Nithima Khaorapapong and
• Makoto Ogawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1140–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.114

• nanostructured materials prepared by in situ formation of NPs can be achieved by applying various procedures such as impregnation by precipitation, sol–gel, solvothermal and microwave-assisted reactions. As already indicated, clay-based nanoarchitectures containing TiO2 NPs (anatase phase) are currently the most

Synthesis of MnO₂–CuO–Fe₂O₃/CNTs catalysts: low-temperature SCR activity and formation mechanism

• Yanbing Zhang,
• Lihua Liu,
• Yingzan Chen,
• Xianglong Cheng,
• Chengjian Song,
• Mingjie Ding and
• Haipeng Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 848–855, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.85

• -IWIM fabricated through incipient wetness impregnation, except for the 1% MnO2–CuO–Fe2O3/CNTs, and reached 69.9–87.9% between 140 to 180 °C. The SCR activity over 4% MnO2–CuO–Fe2O3/CNTs reached maximum values of 43.1–87.9% at 80–180 °C at a weight hourly space velocity of 280 L·gcat−1·h−1. X-ray

• substance of KMnO4, Cu(NO3)2, and Fe(NO3)3 is 0.0007273 mol KMnO4, 0.0000909 mol Cu(NO3)2, and 0.0001818 mol Fe(NO3)3. For a comparative experiment, incipient wetness impregnation [44][45], as a common preparation method of catalysts, was applied to fabricate the Mn–Cu–FeOx/CNTs-IWIM catalyst with an

Towards rare-earth-free white light-emitting diode devices based on the combination of dicyanomethylene and pyranine as organic dyes supported on zinc single-layered hydroxide

• Jeff L. Nyalosaso,
• Rachod Boonsin,
• Pierre Vialat,
• Damien Boyer,
• Geneviève Chadeyron,
• Rachid Mahiou and
• Fabrice Leroux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 760–770, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.75

• luminescent hybrid material. The dry extract of the prepared Zn-SLH was evaluated at 16 wt %. Preparation of wet luminescent hybrid materials (WLHM) DCM and HPTS-containing Zn-SLH were prepared separately by impregnation before mixing the appropriate amount of each compound in the silicon film precursor in

• order to obtain the luminescent hybrid films. In the impregnation procedure, each dye powder was previously dissolved in EtOH prior to mixing with the wet Zn-SLH. The composition of each mixture is given in Table 3. 1 wt % of dye in the DE-corresponding Zn-SLH was prepared in 15 mL of EtOH. After 24 h

• of impregnation under magnetic stirring at RT, the coloured wet mixture was recovered from the clear supernatant by centrifugation. Preparation of the white-emitting hybrid phosphor film (WEHP) Each luminescent film was prepared by mixing the appropriate amount of each WLHM with the silicon polymer

Improving control of carbide-derived carbon microstructure by immobilization of a transition-metal catalyst within the shell of carbide/carbon core–shell structures

• Teguh Ariyanto,
• Jan Glaesel,
• Andreas Kern,
• Gui-Rong Zhang and
• Bastian J. M. Etzold

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 419–427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.41

• ][25]. The porosity of this shell could suit for the immobilization of the transition-metal catalyst, as capillary forces would suck the impregnation solution within the shell and only excess solution would go into the voids between the particles. Subsequent chlorination of the carbide core to obtain

• the porous CDC was obtained by the partial chlorination of carbide. For more details, the pore textural parameters are summarized below in Table 1. To study whether the shell of partially converted carbide influences the distribution of the nickel precursor after the impregnation step, the

• impregnation of untreated titanium carbide was compared with the same loading (30 mg of nickel per gram of equivalent carbide). EDX mapping (see Figure S1 in Supporting Information File 1) of the impregnated core–shell material shows clearly the remaining core in the Ti K edge signal, while the Ni K and Cl K

Thermal control of the defunctionalization of supported Au₂₅(glutathione)₁₈ catalysts for benzyl alcohol oxidation

• Zahraa Shahin,
• Hyewon Ji,
• Rodica Chiriac,
• Nadine Essayem,
• Franck Rataboul and
• Aude Demessence

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 228–237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.21

• nanoparticles or bulk gold. Impregnation of the clusters on ZrO2 nanoparticles was done by adding ZrO2 powder to an aqueous solution of Au25(SG)18, stirred for 15 min and then centrifuged to collect the powder without further washing. The composite material Au25(SG)18@ZrO2 comprised of 0.7% Au was calcined at

• (SG)18 cluster deposition was performed using a wet impregnation method. Gold clusters, with a mass of 10 mg corresponding to a theoretical loading of 1 wt % Au, and 500 mg of support (ZrO2) were dispersed in 5 mL of water, swirled, and left for 15 minutes. The prepared catalyst (A) was recovered by

A scanning probe microscopy study of nanostructured TiO₂/poly(3-hexylthiophene) hybrid heterojunctions for photovoltaic applications

• Laurie Letertre,
• Roland Roche,
• Olivier Douhéret,
• Hailu G. Kassa,
• Denis Mariolle,
• Nicolas Chevalier,
• Łukasz Borowik,
• Philippe Dumas,
• Benjamin Grévin,
• Roberto Lazzaroni and
• Philippe Leclère

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2087–2096, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.197

• device, it is of prime interest to study the photovoltaic properties at the nanoscale. Hybrid heterojunction (HHJ) structures are obtained by impregnation of the porous layer with an absorbing dye or a polymer electron donor. Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is often used, because of its strong absorption

• . The success of the polymer grafting is confirmed by UV–visible optical absorption measurement across a 350–800 nm wavelength range, for which an absorption of light higher by one order of magnitude compared to bare TiO2 was measured [24]. This indicates a good P3HT impregnation along the columns, the

Uniform cobalt nanoparticles embedded in hexagonal mesoporous nanoplates as a magnetically separable, recyclable adsorbent

• Can Zhao,
• Yuexiao Song,
• Tianyu Xiang,
• Wenxiu Qu,
• Shuo Lou,
• Xiaohong Yin and
• Feng Xin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1770–1781, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.168

• introduced into mesoporous carbon matrices through a simple impregnation process or direct mixing of the carbon precursor with metal moieties [14][15], where the loaded Co nanoparticles are usually randomly dispersed in the mesoporous walls or aggregated with each other to form large particles. Although

Cr(VI) remediation from aqueous environment through modified-TiO₂-mediated photocatalytic reduction

• Rashmi Acharya,
• Brundabana Naik and
• Kulamani Parida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1448–1470, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.137

• (pH 2) exhibited higher photoreduction due to the interfacial charge transfer by RGO [135]. A maximum of 96% Cr(VI) reduction was achieved. An RGO–TiO2 composite photocatalyst was prepared by a wet impregnation route followed by surface complexation with a simple glucose molecule. The prepared

Understanding the performance and mechanism of Mg-containing oxides as support catalysts in the thermal dry reforming of methane

• Nor Fazila Khairudin,
• Mohd Farid Fahmi Sukri,
• Mehrnoush Khavarian and
• Abdul Rahman Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1162–1183, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.108

• investigate the influence of these variables on catalytic activity and morphology of deposited carbon. The target product compositions are also outlined. Application of MgO as a support Djaidja et al. [78] prepared a Ni/MgO catalyst via an impregnation method to test the performance in a DRM reaction. The

• catalyst with the ones prepared via the conventional impregnation method. The Ni/MgO catalyst prepared using a dielectric barrier discharge plasma presented a smaller particle size, higher dispersion, and higher specific surface area. Moreover, the recorded CO2 and CH4 conversions were 20% higher than that

• of the conventionally prepared catalyst. The plasma treatment method is suggested to be more appropriate for the preparation of Ni/MgO, offering high activity and stability, and a lesser amount of deposited carbon on the catalyst compared to using the Ni/MgO catalyst prepared via impregnation

A review of carbon-based and non-carbon-based catalyst supports for the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide

• Shahreen Binti Izwan Anthonysamy,
• Syahidah Binti Afandi,
• Mehrnoush Khavarian and
• Abdul Rahman Bin Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 740–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.68

• for preparing a catalyst such as impregnation, sol–gel, incipient-wetness, co-precipitation, electroplating, and the polyol process. Some of the catalysts prepared via these methods can achieve low temperatures of SCR with content resistance of H2O and SO2. Each method is different from the other, and

• the carbon-based catalysts for SCR at low temperature and compared it with commercial catalysts. A good example can be seen in Chuang et al. [18], where a comparative study was made between the preparation of AC-supported Cu catalysts through impregnation, the polyol process, and microwave-heated

• method is one of the key factors that contribute towards an even distribution of the active component and good particle properties [29]. Different preparation methods have been carried out by modifying the current SCR catalyst to achieve high NO selectivity in the NH3-SCR system. Impregnation is one of

Mechanistic insights into plasmonic photocatalysts in utilizing visible light

• Kah Hon Leong,
• Azrina Abd Aziz,
• Lan Ching Sim,
• Pichiah Saravanan,
• Min Jang and
• Detlef Bahnemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 628–648, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.59

• issues [45][46][47][48][49]. Synthesis routes such as sol–gel, hydrothermal, microwave hydrothermal, impregnation, electrochemical deposition, chemical deposition, deposition-precipitation, UV photodeposition and direct sunlight photodeposition have been reported [23][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58

Review on optofluidic microreactors for artificial photosynthesis

• Xiaowen Huang,
• Jianchun Wang,
• Tenghao Li,
• Jianmei Wang,
• Min Xu,
• Weixing Yu,
• Abdel El Abed and
• Xuming Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 30–41, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.5

• catalytic materials, modification of the existed catalytic materials (e.g., noble-gas doping, co-catalyst impregnation, noble-metal loading, plasmonic sensitization and Z-scheme systems), and optofluidics (or microfluidics) based APS. It should be noted that many efforts have been made to develop bio