Durable antimicrobial activity of fabrics functionalized with zeolite ion-exchanged nanomaterials against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

• Perla Sánchez-López,
• Kendra Ramirez Acosta,
• Sergio Fuentes Moyado,
• Ruben Dario Cadena-Nava and
• Elena Smolentseva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 262–274, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.18

• , silver (Ag+), copper (Cu2+), and zinc (Zn2+) cations are ion-exchanged with Y-type zeolite (CBV-600) and subsequently applied to cotton fabrics using the pad–dry–cure method, with an acrylic resin serving as binder. The resulting functionalized fabrics, containing metal cation concentrations of 1.0–1.5

• functionalization. This method demonstrates a simple and industry-compatible approach for producing durable antimicrobial cotton fabrics. Keywords: antimicrobial activity; Escherichia coli; fabrics functionalization; ion exchange; nanomaterial; Staphylococcus aureus; zeolite; Introduction The development of

• -exchanged Y-type zeolites, which offer high ion-exchange capacity and a well-defined framework structure that facilitate efficient antimicrobial ion delivery. By applying those nanomaterials to commercial cotton fabrics via the pad–dry–cure method, we aim to further explore the feasibility and effectiveness

Time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging of contaminant species in chemical vapour deposited graphene on copper

• Barry Brennan,
• Vlad-Petru Veigang-Radulescu,
• Philipp Braeuninger-Weimer,
• Stephan Hofmann and
• Andrew J. Pollard

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 200–213, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.13

• Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom 10.3762/bjnano.17.13 Abstract Time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) was used to probe the chemistry of graphene grown on copper foil substrates by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) under various growth conditions. The surface sensitivity, mass

• characterisation techniques with the ability to distinguish different chemical species present, combined with surface sensitivity and suitably high spatial resolution. We here focus on time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) imaging of Cu-catalysed graphene CVD samples. ToF-SIMS offers high

• reactor cooled to room temperature in an Ar only atmosphere. During all stages of the process, a pressure of 50 mbar was regulated via a PID controlled outlet valve. Ex situ ToF-SIMS measurements were performed using a TOF SIMS IV instrument (ION-TOF Gmbh, Germany) at a vacuum pressure of <5 × 10−9 mbar

From shield to spear: Charge-reversible nanocarriers in overcoming cancer therapy barriers

• Madhuri Yeduvaka,
• Pooja Mittal,
• Ameer Boyalakuntla,
• Usman Bee Shaik,
• Himanshu Sharma,
• Thakur Gurjeet Singh,
• Siva Nageswara Rao Gajula and
• Lakshmi Vineela Nalla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 159–175, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.10

• calcium-ion-crosslinked sodium-alginate-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) for ultrasound-triggered drug delivery. High- or low-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU/LIFU) induced reversible disruption of carboxyl–calcium bonds, enabling precise, on-demand release [58]. This confirms that

• ultrasound-responsive CRNs employing calcium-ion-crosslinked sodium-alginate coatings on mesoporous silica nanoparticles offer reversible, on-demand, and biocompatible drug release options. Such systems harness ultrasound-induced cavitation to disrupt and reform ionic bonds, showing considerable promise for

Influence of surface characteristics on the in vitro stability and cell uptake of nanoliposomes for brain delivery

• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Andreas Zimmer,
• Otmar Geiss,
• Sabrina Gioria,
• Diletta Scaccabarozzi and
• Marija Glavas Dodov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 139–158, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.9

• incomplete uptake, are suitable adjustments in the incubation time, temperature, and NL concentration, as well as pH and ion concentrations. Optimization of these factors is essential for accurate identification of transport mechanisms, like diffusion or receptor-mediated endocytosis, also reflecting the

Functional surface engineering for cultural heritage protection: the role of superhydrophobic and superoleophobic coatings – a comprehensive review

• Giuseppe Cesare Lama,
• Marino Lavorgna,
• Letizia Verdolotti,
• Federica Recupido,
• Giovanna Giuliana Buonocore and
• Bharat Bhushan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 63–96, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.6

• interfacial adhesion under various environmental conditions, including immersion in saline solutions. It also effectively reduced chloride ion penetration, contributing to the durability of concrete substrates. Additionally, the coating was also able to promote temperature regulation by lowering surface

Reduced graphene oxide paper electrode for lithium-ion cells – towards optimized thermal reduction

• Agata Pawłowska,
• Magdalena Baran,
• Stefan Marynowicz,
• Aleksandra Izabela Banasiak,
• Adrian Racki,
• Adrian Chlanda,
• Tymoteusz Ciuk,
• Marta Wolczko and
• Andrzej Budziak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 24–37, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.3

• electrode material in lithium-ion cells. Mildly reduced graphene oxide paper underwent further thermal reduction steps. The structural and chemical properties of the obtained materials were determined using Raman and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopies and elemental combustion analysis. The morphology

• . Keywords: electrode material; graphene paper; lithium-ion batteries; reduced graphene oxide; thermal reduction; Introduction Electrode materials comprising reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for energy storage in lithium-ion-based or sodium-ion-based technologies have been the subject of over 3800 publications

• few examples of rGO-based materials for electrodes, especially for lithium-ion batteries, LiFePO4 and rGO composite cathodes were reported by Wi et al. and Wei and colleagues [8][9]. Moreover, Wang et al. described a method for LiMn0.75Fe0.25PO4 nanorod production on rGO sheets [10]. Again, the

Internal 3D temperature mapping in biological systems using ratiometric light-sheet imaging and lipid-coated upconversion nanothermometers

• Dannareli Barron-Ortiz,
• Enric Pérez-Parets,
• Rubén D. Cadena-Nava,
• Emilio J. Gualda,
• Jacob Licea-Rodríguez,
• Juan Hernández-Cordero,
• Pablo Loza-Álvarez and
• Israel Rocha-Mendoza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2306–2316, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.159

• photonic UC of multiple NIR photons into visible luminescence [38]. As an example, in the NaYF4:Er3+/Yb3+ composite (such as that used in this work), the NaYF4 crystal matrix is co-doped with Yb3+ acting as the sensitizer to enhance the NIR absorption cross section, whereas the Er3+ ion acts as the emitter

Optical bio/chemical sensors for vitamin B₁₂ analysis in food and pharmaceuticals: state of the art, challenges, and future outlooks

• Seyed Mohammad Taghi Gharibzahedi and
• Zeynep Altintas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2207–2244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.153

• levels of VB12 in foods and pharmaceuticals is crucial for health management and disease prevention. VB12 is also known as cobalamin due to the presence of a central cobalt ion (Co2+) within the structure of its modified tetrapyrrole ring (Figure 1). A unique feature of the tetrapyrrole-derived ring in

• out below the corrin ring’s plane. This particular arrangement allows the DMB base to act as a secondary ligand for the central cobalt ion (Co2+), playing a crucial role in the molecule’s structural integrity and biological activity. Within the structure of VB12, Co2+ is capable of binding to an upper

• μg/mL in food), they emphasized performing an optimization study to reach a lower acceptable LOD for the regulatory standard [77]. Kumudha et al. characterized the HPLC peak of extracts of VB12 obtained from the green microalgae Chlorella vulgaris using MS/MS, selected ion recording, and multiple

The cement of the tube-dwelling polychaete Sabellaria alveolata: a complex composite adhesive material

• Emilie Duthoo,
• Aurélie Lambert,
• Pierre Becker,
• Carla Pugliese,
• Jean-Marc Baele,
• Arnaud Delfairière,
• Matthew J. Harrington and
• Patrick Flammang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1998–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.138

• segregated between two types of cement cells, with different polyphosphoproteins and cations concentrated in the inclusions of heterogeneous granules. After secretion, these inclusions would inflate through a still unexplained process possibly involving ion exchange, to form hollow spheroids dispersed in the

Evaluating metal-organic precursors for focused ion beam-induced deposition through solid-layer decomposition analysis

• Benedykt R. Jany,
• Katarzyna Madajska,
• Aleksandra Butrymowicz-Kubiak,
• Franciszek Krok and
• Iwona B. Szymańska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1942–1951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.135

• Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland 10.3762/bjnano.16.135 Abstract The development of modern metal deposition techniques like focused ion/electron beam-induced deposition (FIBID/FEBID) relies heavily on the availability of metal-organic precursors of particular properties. To

• new metal-organic precursors, in the form of supported thick layers, to the ion beam irradiation is studied through analysis of the chemical composition and morphology of the resulting structures. This is done using SEM backscattered electron/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy along with machine

• -dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX); focused ion beam (FIB); focused ion beam-induced deposition (FIBID); machine learning; scanning electron microscopy (SEM); Introduction A variety of nanomanufacturing techniques, such as optical and electron-beam lithography, nanoimprint lithography, atomic layer

Quantum circuits with SINIS structures

• Mikhail Tarasov,
• Mikhail Fominskii,
• Aleksandra Gunbina,
• Artem Krasilnikov,
• Maria Mansfeld,
• Dmitrii Kukushkin,
• Andrei Maruhno,
• Valeria Ievleva,
• Mikhail Strelkov,
• Daniil Zhogov,
• Konstantin Arutyunov,
• Vyacheslav Vdovin,
• Vladislav Stolyarov and
• Valerian Edelman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1931–1941, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.134

• different layers of superconducting aluminum and normal metal (e.g., copper). In case of chemical wet etching, this is achieved through an alkali and acid pair, for dry etching, chlorine and fluorine plasmas are used. Alternatively, in the case of magnetron sputtering and separate lithography, ion etching

Self-assembly and adhesive properties of Pollicipes pollicipes barnacle cement protein cp19k: influence of pH and ionic strength

• Shrutika Sawant,
• Anne Marie Power and
• J. Gerard Wall

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1863–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.129

• . coli BL21 (DE3) cells as previously described [21] and purified by two step purification, that is, immobilised metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) followed by ion exchange chromatography (IEC). For IMAC, the Co-IDA resin column was washed with 25 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0) containing 150 mM NaCl and

• 0.1% Triton, and eluted using the same buffer containing 150 mM imidazole. Elution fractions containing rPpolcp19k-his protein were pooled and dialysed against 25 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0) buffer overnight at 4 °C and passed through an ion exchange UNO-S resin that had been equilibrated with 25 mM Tris-HCl

On the road to sustainability – application of metallic nanoparticles obtained by green synthesis in dentistry: a scoping review

• Lorena Pinheiro Vasconcelos Silva,
• Joice Catiane Soares Martins,
• Israel Luís Carvalho Diniz,
• Júlio Abreu Miranda,
• Danilo Rodrigues de Souza,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Moan Jéfter Fernandes Costa and
• Pedro Henrique Sette-de-Souza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1851–1862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.128

• activity, reducing bacterial colonization at restoration margins and thereby minimizing secondary caries risk [9]. Additionally, fluoride varnishes and dental sealants containing biogenic nanoparticles demonstrate antibiofilm effects and prolonged ion release, making them promising adjuncts in caries

Further insights into the thermodynamics of linear carbon chains for temperatures ranging from 13 to 300 K

• Alexandre Rocha Paschoal,
• Thiago Alves de Moura,
• Juan S. Rodríguez-Hernández,
• Carlos William de Araujo Paschoal,
• Yoong Ahm Kim,
• Morinobu Endo and
• Paulo T. Araujo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1818–1825, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.125

• spectra were acquired with a 20× objective lens in a backscattering geometry using Jobin Yvon Horiba T64000 spectrometer (1800 lines/mm grating). Samples were resonantly excited with 514.5 nm (2.41 eV) and 568.2 nm (2.18 eV) (Coherent Innova 70C Ar and Kr ion lasers). The Raman spectra of LCC@MWCNT were

Electrical, photocatalytic, and sensory properties of graphene oxide and polyimide implanted with low- and medium-energy silver ions

• Josef Novák,
• Eva Štěpanovská,
• Petr Malinský,
• Vlastimil Mazánek,
• Jan Luxa,
• Ulrich Kentsch and
• Zdeněk Sofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1794–1811, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.123

• Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic Ion Beam Center, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.16.123 Abstract Precise control of electrical conductivity, humidity sensitivity, and photocatalytic

• activity in polymeric and carbon-based materials is essential for advancing technologies in environmental sensing, flexible electronics, and photocatalytic systems. Conventional chemical modification methods often lack spatial precision, introduce impurities, and risk structural degradation. Ion

• implantation provides a controllable alternative for tuning surface properties at the nanoscale, enabling the targeted introduction of functional species without chemical reagents. This work investigates the effects of low-energy (20 keV) and medium-energy (1.5 MeV) Ag+ ion implantation on the electrical

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• equipped with complementary instruments (e.g., mass spectrometers) mainly allowing researchers to probe gas phase products and connect this information easily to the XPS data acquired from the surface. Common in-vacuum surface preparation tools (e.g., Ar ion sputtering and sample annealing) are

Prospects of nanotechnology and natural products for cancer and immunotherapy

• Jan Filipe Andrade Santos,
• Marcela Bernardes Brasileiro,
• Pamela Danielle Cavalcante Barreto,
• Ligiane Aranha Rocha and
• José Adão Carvalho Nascimento Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1644–1667, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.116

• , the patent CN367902299 (2022) describes photo-thermally responsive PC-loaded polymeric nanoparticles designed to prevent and/or treat lung adenocarcinoma by inhibiting TMEM16A. TMEM16A is a calcium-activated chloride ion channel that appears to be a suitable biomarker and target for lung cancer

Nanotechnology-based approaches for the removal of microplastics from wastewater: a comprehensive review

• Nayanathara O Sanjeev,
• Manjunath Singanodi Vallabha and
• Rebekah Rubidha Lisha Rabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1607–1632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.114

• consistent and efficient adsorption across reuse cycles. Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are a distinctive group of 2D inorganic materials known for their remarkable physical and chemical characteristics. Their exceptional ion exchange ability, large surface area, high thermal stability, and customizable

Transient electronics for sustainability: Emerging technologies and future directions

• Jae-Young Bae,
• Myung-Kyun Choi and
• Seung-Kyun Kang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1545–1556, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.109

• protective PI layer is extremely thin, it can be selectively removed by reactive ion etching, ultimately leaving only the biodegradable materials on the target surface. To simplify multistep fabrication processes, wafer-scale transfer methods have also been developed [74]. These involve fabricating

Influence of laser beam profile on morphology and optical properties of silicon nanoparticles formed by laser ablation in liquid

• Natalie Tarasenka,
• Vladislav Kornev,
• Alena Nevar and
• Nikolai Tarasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1533–1544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.108

• become an emerging field of research [3][4][5][6][7]. The expanding application areas require silicon nanomaterials of different morphologies, including quantum dots, nanowires, and nanocrystalline films. Si nanowires, for example, are considered as a promising alternative to silicon electrodes in Li-ion

• laser ablation with the Bessel beam profile. Another application of the nanofilaments prepared using Bessel beams can be the electrode material of Li-ion batteries. Experiments on the preliminary evaluation of the electrochemical properties of the prepared nanomaterials for their potential application

Dendrimer-modified carbon nanotubes for the removal and recovery of heavy metal ions from water

• Thao Quynh Ngan Tran,
• Huu Trung Nguyen,
• Subodh Kumar and
• Xuan Thang Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1522–1532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.107

• involvement of harmful chemicals to pre-functionalize the CNTs with high loading but also provided an effective way to enhance the adsorption of heavy metal ions. Keywords: carbon nanotubes; deep eutectic solvent; dendrimers; Diels–Alder reaction; heavy metal ion adsorption; Introduction The contamination

• metal contamination. Consequently, the efficient removal of heavy metal ions remains a critical research challenge. Various methods have been employed including membrane filtration [1], flocculation [2], adsorption [3][4], precipitation [5], electrolytic removal [6], ion exchange [7], reduction [8], and

• adsorbents for both Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions. The impact of contact time on the Pb2+ and Cd2+ ion adsorption efficiency was also investigated (Figure 3d). Each adsorbent showed increased adsorption efficiency for both the metal ions in the case of longer contact time ranging from 0 to 240 min. This behavior

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

Parylene-coated platinum nanowire electrodes for biomolecular sensing applications

• Chao Liu,
• Peker Milas,
• Michael G. Spencer and
• Birol Ozturk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1392–1400, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.101

• stability of metal nanoparticles limits their application in biological systems and decreases their performance [12]. Other materials like silicon quantum dots, ion-imprinted polymer, and hydrogels have unique biocompatibility and specificity advantages, but long-term stability and cost make them

Synthesis and antibacterial properties of nanosilver-modified cellulose triacetate membranes for seawater desalination

• Lei Wang,
• Shizhe Li,
• Kexin Xu,
• Wenjun Li,
• Ying Li and
• Gang Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.100

• (FE-SEM, JEOS JSM6700F). An InoLab Cond 7310 conductivity meter was used to measure ion concentration. Fabrication of CTA membrane The membranes were prepared according to previous protocols with modifications [67]. Initially, the raw materials for the CTA film were dried in a vacuum oven at 80 °C for

Enhancing the photoelectrochemical performance of BiOI-derived BiVO₄ films by controlled-intensity current electrodeposition

• Huu Phuc Dang,
• Khanh Quang Nguyen,
• Nguyen Thi Mai Tho and
• Tran Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1289–1301, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.94

• higher electrodeposition current densities, suggesting preferential growth along the crystallographic direction. Higher deposition currents influence ion migration rates and nucleation kinetics, potentially leading to a preferential orientation along the (040) plane. The intensity and sharpness of the