Ar⁺ implantation-induced tailoring of RF-sputtered ZnO films: structural, morphological, and optical properties

• Manu Bura,
• Divya Gupta,
• Arun Kumar and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 872–886, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.66

• cleaned using acetone and, finally, isopropyl alcohol before the experiment. The sputtering chamber is pumped to a base pressure of 1.2 × 10−6 Torr; then a mixture of nitrogen and argon gas is introduced into the sputtering chamber with flows of 1.8 and 10.0 sccm, respectively. When the pressure inside

Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

• synthesize pyrite nanoparticles in various solvents, including isopropyl alcohol (IPA), dimethyl formamide (DMF), ethanol, methanol, and acetone, using a 532 nm wavelength output from a Nd:YAG laser. Pulsed laser ablation in liquid has been demonstrated as a reliable alternative to conventional chemical

N₂⁺-implantation-induced tailoring of structural, morphological, optical, and electrical characteristics of sputtered molybdenum thin films

• Usha Rani,
• Kafi Devi,
• Divya Gupta and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 495–509, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.38

• minimizing the reflected power. Before deposition, the target surface was pre-sputtered for 15 min to remove any surface contamination. The silicon substrates were meticulously cleaned by washing them with distilled water and isopropyl alcohol and rinsing them with acetone. The vacuum chamber was evacuated

Effect of additives on the synthesis efficiency of nanoparticles by laser-induced reduction

• Rikuto Kuroda,
• Takahiro Nakamura,
• Hideki Ina and
• Shuhei Shibata

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 464–472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.35

• of nanoparticles in large quantities for practical use. In this study, we investigated improvements of the synthesis efficiency of nanoparticles in LRL by adding scavengers, such as isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and glycerin, for oxidative radicals formed by laser irradiation to the solution and converting

• nanoparticle synthesis. It was assumed that the synthesis of nanoparticles would be promoted by removing the hydroxyl radicals formed by laser irradiation. Isopropyl alcohol acts as a radical scavenger, and reacts with •OH to produce a reducing radical (E0 = −1.8 V) [34]. Therefore, we added IPA to the

Tailoring of physical properties of RF-sputtered ZnTe films: role of substrate temperature

• Kafi Devi,
• Usha Rani,
• Arun Kumar,
• Divya Gupta and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 333–348, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.25

• temperatures. Prior to film deposition, the substrates were cleansed in an ultrasonic cleaner using acetone and isopropyl alcohol sequentially for 10 min at room temperature. The cleaned substrates were then dried in air and placed on the substrate holder in the chamber. A ZnTe target (dimensions 2 inch

Investigation of Hf/Ti bilayers for the development of transition-edge sensor microcalorimeters

• Victoria Y. Safonova,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Anton V. Blagodatkin,
• Dmitry A. Pimanov,
• Anton A. Yablokov and
• Andrey L. Pankratov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1353–1361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.108

• . Finally, we performed a lift-off process using N-methylpyrrolidone followed by a rinse in isopropyl alcohol. The edges of the structures after the lift-off process appeared to be vertical well-defined walls without upward bends, as shown in the SEM image in Figure 2. A thin layer of titanium on top of

Water-assisted purification during electron beam-induced deposition of platinum and gold

• Cristiano Glessi,
• Fabian A. Polman and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 884–896, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.73

• subsequently sonicated for 2 min in acetone and for 2 min in isopropyl alcohol. All depositions were performed with both GIS nozzles inserted. Deposition, imaging, and EDX analysis were performed in immersion mode at a working distance of 5 mm. Deposition conditions In general, the main parameters that control

Laser synthesis of nanoparticles in organic solvents – products, reactions, and perspectives

• Theo Fromme,
• Sven Reichenberger,
• Katharine M. Tibbetts and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 638–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.54

• , ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, diethyl ether, and isobutanol with nanosecond laser pulses while quantifying the formed hydrogen pressure with amperometric sensors. The organic alcohols, while having a lower number of hydrogen atoms per molecule, showed a ten times higher hydrogen evolution rate than water

• [45]. Additionally, the molecular structure of the solvent affects the hydrogen evolution rate. Ethanol and isopropyl alcohol produced greater hydrogen yields than isobutyl alcohol and diethyl ether, which was attributed to the higher ratio of hydrogen to carbon and, thus, more C–H bonds relative to C

• chemical reactions occurring during the LRL of AuCl4 and AgClO4 in water–isopropyl alcohol solution using femtosecond and nanosecond lasers (Figure 6). Isopropyl alcohol was found to decompose to numerous products, including methane, acetylene, propene, and C5 alkyne hydrocarbons. However, the product

Hierarchically patterned polyurethane microgrooves featuring nanopillars or nanoholes for neurite elongation and alignment

• Lester Uy Vinzons,
• Guo-Chung Dong and
• Shu-Ping Lin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1157–1168, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.96

• doses, maybe because of UV oxidation of the films or changes in the shape of the PS-NS caused by residual GBL in the SU-8.) The SU-8 was subjected to a post-exposure bake at 95 °C for 2 min, followed by development in the SU-8 developer for 1 min, rinsing with isopropyl alcohol, and N2 drying (Figure 1A

Industrial perspectives for personalized microneedles

• Remmi Danae Baker-Sediako,
• Benjamin Richter,
• Matthias Blaicher,
• Michael Thiel and
• Martin Hermatschweiler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 857–864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.70

• –20 min, followed by an isopropyl alcohol bath for 2–5 min. Afterwards, the microneedles were allowed to dry in air before UV curing for 20–40 min. The microneedles were fabricated from proprietary and commercially available negative-tone IPX-Q and negative-tone IP-S with the medium (ZEISS 25x NA 0.8

A graphene quantum dots–glassy carbon electrode-based electrochemical sensor for monitoring malathion

• Sanju Tanwar,
• Aditi Sharma and
• Dhirendra Mathur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 701–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.56

• Fisher chemicals. Malathion (C10H19O6PS2) was obtained from Insecticides India Limited. Disodium phosphate (Na2HPO4·H2O), monosodium phosphate (NaH2PO4), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), ethanol (C2H5OH), and isopropyl alcohol (C3H8O) were procured from Rankem chemicals. Nafion (C9HF17O5S) and activated charcoal

• sonicated in ethanol and rinsed with DI water to remove surface impurities. The GQDs-based ink was prepared in a glass vial with four components, that is 15 mg activated charcoal as a conductivity enhancer, 15 mg GQDs as modifying agent, 25 µL Nafion as binder, and 1 mL isopropyl alcohol as solvent. All

Carbon nanotube-cellulose ink for rapid solvent identification

• Tiago Amarante,
• Thiago H. R. Cunha,
• Claudio Laudares,
• Ana P. M. Barboza,
• Ana Carolina dos Santos,
• Cíntia L. Pereira,
• Vinicius Ornelas,
• Bernardo R. A. Neves,
• André S. Ferlauto and
• Rodrigo G. Lacerda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 535–543, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.44

• liquids, namely mixtures of water with low concentrations of glycerin (10 and 100 ppm) and a number of organic solvents (DI water, isopropyl alcohol, toluene, chloroform, and ethyl alcohol). To probe the limit of detection of the MFC/MWCNT composite, we performed measurements of glycerin in water at parts

• electrical responses to DI water, isopropyl alcohol, toluene, ethyl alcohol, chloroform, and acetone are shown in Figure 3a. We set the device temperature to 55 °C to prevent instantaneous evaporation of the more volatile solvents. All solvent measurements were performed on the same MFC/MWCNT transducer

• thermogravimetric analyzer. The system was monitored until the complete evaporation of the liquid, resulting in the curves shown in Figure 5a. The thermal behavior of acetone, chloroform, ethanol, and isopropyl alcohol exhibits significant similarities with the electrical curves presented in Figure 3a, especially

Electrical and optical enhancement of ITO/Mo bilayer thin films via laser annealing

• Abdelbaki Hacini,
• Ahmad Hadi Ali,
• Nurul Nadia Adnan and
• Nafarizal Nayan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1589–1595, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.133

• pieces and cleaned to suit the characterization equipment. The Si substrates were ultrasonically cleaned using acetone, isopropyl alcohol, and distilled water. The glass substrates were cleaned using Decon-90 cleaner. The glass and Si samples were dried with nitrogen gas and treated for 10 min in a

LED-light-activated photocatalytic performance of metal-free carbon-modified hexagonal boron nitride towards degradation of methylene blue and phenol

• Nirmalendu S. Mishra and
• Pichiah Saravanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1380–1392, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.114

• taking part in the degradation mechanism. The CTA was achieved by taking 1 mmol of p-benzoquinone, isopropyl alcohol (IPA), AgNO3, and triethanolamine (TEA) as quenching agents to trap O2−•, •OH, e−, and h+, respectively [46]. The outcome of CTA was depicted in Figure 8b. The addition of TEA demonstrated

Rapid fabrication of MgO@g-C₃N₄ heterojunctions for photocatalytic nitric oxide removal

• Minh-Thuan Pham,
• Duyen P. H. Tran,
• Xuan-Thanh Bui and
• Sheng-Jie You

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1141–1154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.96

• min. Trapping experiments were performed to evaluate the photocatalytic process mechanism for NO degradation. Three trapping agents were used representing different active species, namely isopropyl alcohol (IPA) for the hydroxyl radical (•OH), potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) for electrons (e−), and

Efficient liquid exfoliation of KP₁₅ nanowires aided by Hansen's empirical theory

• Zhaoxuan Huang,
• Zhikang Jiang,
• Nan Tian,
• Disheng Yao,
• Fei Long,
• Yanhan Yang and
• Danmin Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 788–795, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.69

• absorption coefficient of KP15 is 3.86 ± 0.13 mL·mg−1·cm−1. We selected 20 common solvents, including benzyl benzoate, toluene, ethyl acetate, acetone, alcohol, butyrolactone, N,N'-dimethylpropyleneurea, bromobenzene, cyclopentanone, N-dodecyl-2-pyrrolidone, glycol, vinyl acetate, hexane, isopropyl alcohol

Hierarchical Bi₂WO₆/TiO₂-nanotube composites derived from natural cellulose for visible-light photocatalytic treatment of pollutants

• Zehao Lin,
• Zhan Yang and
• Jianguo Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 745–762, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.66

• , anhydrous ethanol, acetone, barium sulfate (BaSO4), rhodamine B, isopropyl alcohol (IPA), N-methylpyrrolidone, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA-2Na), silver nitrate (AgNO3), sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), ethylene glycol (EG), potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), phosphoric acid (H3PO4), and

A chemiresistive sensor array based on polyaniline nanocomposites and machine learning classification

• Jiri Kroutil,
• Alexandr Laposa,
• Ali Ahmad,
• Jan Voves,
• Vojtech Povolny,
• Ladislav Klimsa,
• Marina Davydova and
• Miroslav Husak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 411–423, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.34

• , the sensor array platforms were cleaned in acetone and isopropyl alcohol for 15 min and then exposed to hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) for 2 h to improve the adhesion of sensing layers. Figure 14 demonstrates the top view of sensor array with nanocomposite sensing layers and the bottom view with heating

Alcohol-perturbed self-assembly of the tobacco mosaic virus coat protein

• Ismael Abu-Baker and
• Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 355–362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.30

• component, with increased hydrophobicity leading to longer stacked disks. The perturbation appears to be based on the hydrophobicity of the cosolvent, with methanol having the weakest effect, and isopropyl alcohol having the strongest effect among the alcohols investigated in this study. This work

• , TMV-cp was assembled by the same procedure at pH 5.5 in the presence of methanol or isopropyl alcohol (Figure 5). As expected, a higher concentration of methanol was required to exert the same effect as ethanol on VLP assembly. 3.5 and 5.0 mol % methanol samples still showed many helical rods, but

• only disks and stacked disks were observed in 10.0 mol % samples. In contrast, isopropyl alcohol had a very strong effect on TMV-cp assembly, with 3.5 mol % completely eliminating helical rods, and higher concentrations leading to an increase in the average length of stacked disk assemblies (Figure S7

Tin dioxide nanomaterial-based photocatalysts for nitrogen oxide oxidation: a review

• Viet Van Pham,
• Hong-Huy Tran,
• Thao Kim Truong and
• Thi Minh Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 96–113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.7

• ). Growth curves of •OH radicals (e) and •O2− radicals (f) vs irradiation time of the materials. The charge transfer pathways of the materials (g). K2Cr2O7, KI, and isopropyl alcohol (IPA) act as scavengers for electrons, holes, and •OH radicals, respectively. The brown and green arrows indicate the path of

Polarity in cuticular ridge development and insect attachment on leaf surfaces of Schismatoglottis calyptrata (Araceae)

• Venkata A. Surapaneni,
• Tobias Aust,
• Thomas Speck and
• Marc Thielen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1326–1338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.98

• growth stages. Insect traction experiments Insect walking frictional forces were measured on a freshly unrolled (stage 3) and an adult (stage 4) S. calyptrata leaf and were compared with the forces on a clean glass slide. The glass slide was cleaned with acetone followed by isopropyl alcohol before

Revealing the formation mechanism and band gap tuning of Sb₂S₃ nanoparticles

• Maximilian Joschko,
• Franck Yvan Fotue Wafo,
• Christina Malsi,
• Danilo Kisić,
• Ivana Validžić and
• Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1021–1033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.76

• with a 14-gauge cannula (L = 200 mm, neoLab). Materials Sb(III)Cl3 (>99.95%), sulfur (99.98%), EHA (>99%), paraffin oil (d = 0.827–0.890 g/mL), OlAm (70%), and isopropyl alcohol (IPA, 99.5%) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Hexane (>98%) was purchased from Alfa Aesar, chlorobenzene (>99%) from Merck

Modification of a SERS-active Ag surface to promote adsorption of charged analytes: effect of Cu²⁺ ions

• Bahdan V. Ranishenka,
• Andrei Yu. Panarin,
• Irina A. Chelnokova,
• Sergei N. Terekhov,
• Peter Mojzes and
• Vadim V. Shmanai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 902–912, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.67

• of (3-chloropropyl)trichlorosilane in water-free toluene (2% by mass) for 24 h and rinsed several times with dry toluene, then with isopropyl alcohol, and dried at room temperature. The chloropropyl-functionalized substrates were then modified with PEI by soaking in 10% (by mass) polymer solution in

Stability and activity of platinum nanoparticles in the oxygen electroreduction reaction: is size or uniformity of primary importance?

• Kirill O. Paperzh,
• Anastasia A. Alekseenko,
• Vadim A. Volochaev,
• Ilya V. Pankov,
• Olga A. Safronenko and
• Vladimir E. Guterman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 593–606, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.49

• suspension of Pt/C catalysts (i.e., "catalytic ink"), 900 μL of isopropyl alcohol and 100 μL of a 0.5% aqueous emulsion of Nafion® polymer were added to 6 mg of each sample. Then, the suspension was dispersed with ultrasound for 15 min. Under continuous stirring, an aliquot of “ink” of 6 μL in volume was

Extracting viscoelastic material parameters using an atomic force microscope and static force spectroscopy

• Cameron H. Parvini,
• M. A. S. R. Saadi and
• Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 922–937, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.77

• experimental data for nylon A hollow nylon tube (source: McMaster-Carr, P/N 8628K48, Grade 6/6) was cut, ground smooth with a hand-held rotary tool, and cleaned in isopropyl alcohol (IPA) followed by a bath in deionized (DI) water. The sample was then allowed to dry sufficiently and mounted on an AFM metal