Time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging of contaminant species in chemical vapour deposited graphene on copper

• Barry Brennan,
• Vlad-Petru Veigang-Radulescu,
• Philipp Braeuninger-Weimer,
• Stephan Hofmann and
• Andrew J. Pollard

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 200–213, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.13

• of 30 nA were used for sputtering cycles. The interleaved image spectra were acquired using 25 keV Bi3+ ions from a liquid metal ion gun, orientated at 45° to the sample surface. This was operated at an ion current of 0.1 pA, in an interlaced mode with a cycle time of 100 µs, in spectroscopy mode to

Influence of surface characteristics on the in vitro stability and cell uptake of nanoliposomes for brain delivery

• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Andreas Zimmer,
• Otmar Geiss,
• Sabrina Gioria,
• Diletta Scaccabarozzi and
• Marija Glavas Dodov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 139–158, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.9

• (Wyatt Technology Europe GmbH, Dernbach, Germany) and an Agilent 1260 Infinity high-performance liquid chromatograph (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, USA) equipped with a degasser (G1322A), an isocratic pump (G1310B), an autosampler (G1329B), and a multiple-wavelength detector (MWD, G1365C) set at 230

Functional surface engineering for cultural heritage protection: the role of superhydrophobic and superoleophobic coatings – a comprehensive review

• Giuseppe Cesare Lama,
• Marino Lavorgna,
• Letizia Verdolotti,
• Federica Recupido,
• Giovanna Giuliana Buonocore and
• Bharat Bhushan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 63–96, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.6

Reduced graphene oxide paper electrode for lithium-ion cells – towards optimized thermal reduction

• Agata Pawłowska,
• Magdalena Baran,
• Stefan Marynowicz,
• Aleksandra Izabela Banasiak,
• Adrian Racki,
• Adrian Chlanda,
• Tymoteusz Ciuk,
• Marta Wolczko and
• Andrzej Budziak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 24–37, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.3

• postulate that the gas release was rather a continuous phenomenon, driven by the heating process. The exposition of the flake edges and paths resulting from the removal of the gaseous products can be beneficial regarding the electrode design for cells operating liquid or gel electrolytes, ensuring improved

Internal 3D temperature mapping in biological systems using ratiometric light-sheet imaging and lipid-coated upconversion nanothermometers

• Dannareli Barron-Ortiz,
• Enric Pérez-Parets,
• Rubén D. Cadena-Nava,
• Emilio J. Gualda,
• Jacob Licea-Rodríguez,
• Juan Hernández-Cordero,
• Pablo Loza-Álvarez and
• Israel Rocha-Mendoza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2306–2316, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.159

• of UCNPs@lipids solution and 250 µL of 2% low-melting agarose gel. A few microliters of the liquid mixture were drawn into a fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) tube and solidified 30 min before imaging. The second sample, S2, consisted of a single UC-fed C. elegans immersed in agarose mixed with

Visualizing nanostructures in supramolecular hydrogels: a correlative study using confocal and cryogenic scanning electron microscopy

• Shaun M. Smith,
• Ferdinando Malagreca,
• Jacqueline Hicks,
• Giuseppe Mantovani,
• David B. Amabilino,
• Christopher Parmenter and
• Lluïsa Pérez-García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2274–2284, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.156

• relies on fluorescence to visualize hydrated gels directly, cryo-SEM provides an electron-based image of frozen desolvated gels. Rapidly freezing the sample (plunge-freezing in liquid nitrogen slush followed by freeze-fracture) preserves its near-native hydrated structure (usually not the case, often ice

• was not compressed with another glass plate. Cryo-SEM imaging Cryo-SEM was carried out using a Zeiss Crossbeam 550 fitted with a Quorum 3010T cryo-stage and preparation chamber. Samples were prepared for analysis by freezing in liquid nitrogen slush on grooved cylindrical aluminium stubs, using rivets

Optical bio/chemical sensors for vitamin B₁₂ analysis in food and pharmaceuticals: state of the art, challenges, and future outlooks

• Seyed Mohammad Taghi Gharibzahedi and
• Zeynep Altintas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2207–2244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.153

• significant health implications of VB12 deficiency. Traditional methods for VB12 analysis, such as high-performance liquid chromatography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, are often troublesome and time-consuming, and require high-tech laboratory setups. The current overview highlights the latest optical

• different food and pharma formulations include high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [14], HPLC coupled with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) [15], and a diode array detector [16], atomic absorption spectroscopy [17], surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy [18][19], capillary

• the detected CL light emission was the sensing output. Linear range and LOD of Co2+ were found to be 0.4 pg/L to 40 μg/L and 4.0 fg/L, respectively. The membrane/liquid CL system demonstrated analytical performance comparable to the liquid-only CL system. The pre-concentration of Co2+ on chitosan

Ultrathin water layers on mannosylated gold nanoparticles

• Maiara A. Iriarte Alonso,
• Jorge H. Melillo,
• Silvina Cerveny,
• Yujin Tong and
• Alexander M. Bittner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2183–2198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.151

• by water, and, indeed, a broad peak centered around 3400 cm−1, characteristic of liquid water, is present [26]. Water on the dimannoside can adsorb in a multitude of orientations. This averaging results in a low signal. Figure 5 provides a sketch of the principal ideas. VSFG experiments were repeated

• virtually unchanged, while the signals near 3400 cm−1, characteristic of liquid water, are nearly absent. It is important to note that the OD stretch of liquid D2O lies outside the probing frequency window. Interestingly, under the experimental conditions, H2O molecules in the topmost water layer appear

• scales of the liquid evaporation and the particle movement: The solvent evaporates so slowly that particles move over at least mesoscale distances, thus allowing for aggregation in the ring [33]. In our research, the deposition protocol may have influenced the observed phenomena. The hydrophilic APDMES

Quality by design optimization of microemulsions for topical delivery of Passiflora setacea seed oil

• Daniel T. Pereira,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Danielle T. Freire,
• Dayanne L. Porto,
• Cícero F. S. Aragão,
• Myla L. de Souza,
• Guilherme R. S. de Araujo,
• Ana Maria Costa,
• Wógenes N. Oliveira,
• Anne Sapin-Minet,
• Éverton N. Alencar and
• Eryvaldo Sócrates T. Egito

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2116–2131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.146

• and polydispersity index below 0.2 and remained stable for 60 days. The ME was gelled with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, while vitamin E and Liquid Germall® Plus were incorporated as antioxidant and preservative agents, respectively, yielding the final topical gel formulation. Cytocompatibility

• compromising droplet stability [37]. Vitamin E at 0.05% w/w was included as a lipophilic antioxidant to protect the unsaturated fatty acids in OPS oil from oxidative degradation, thereby improving formulation stability [38]. Additionally, 0.2% of Liquid Germall® Plus was selected as a broad-spectrum

• , key attributes for dermatological applications. For topical administration, the base microemulsion was supplemented with vitamin E and Liquid Germall® Plus and subsequently gelled with NaCMC, resulting in a pseudoplastic system with suitable viscosity for skin application. In cytocompatibility assays

Multifrequency AFM integrating PeakForce tapping and higher eigenmodes for heterogeneous surface characterization

• Yanping Wei,
• Jiafeng Shen,
• Yirong Yao,
• Xuke Li,
• Ming Li and
• Peiling Ke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2077–2085, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.142

• include topographic step-like distortions and sudden phase-contrast inversions arising from bistable transitions between co-existing oscillation states, which complicate data interpretation [13][14][15][16][17]. Additionally, operational complexity escalates in liquid environments, where low-quality

Stereodiscrimination of guests in chiral organosilica aerogels studied by ESR spectroscopy

• Sebastian Polarz,
• Yasar Krysiak,
• Martin Wessig and
• Florian Kuhlmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2034–2054, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.140

• high surface area and customizable chiral environments. A highly important and highly developed area of application of chiral materials possessing a high surface area is chromatography [11][12][13]. Techniques like high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [13] and gas chromatography [14] are

• extensive description of the enormous progress of liquid chromatography with chiral, stationary phases made over several decades [18]. The author analyzes that a molecular understanding of the recognition mechanisms on chiral surfaces is still scarce, particularly regarding dynamic aspects. Meanwhile

Beyond the shell: exploring polymer–lipid interfaces in core–shell nanofibers to carry hyaluronic acid and β-caryophyllene

• Aline Tavares da Silva Barreto,
• Francisco Alexandrino-Júnior,
• Bráulio Soares Arcanjo,
• Paulo Henrique de Souza Picciani and
• Kattya Gyselle de Holanda e Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2015–2033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.139

• for effective pharmaceutical use, βCp is often formulated within lipid liquid dispersions, such as nanoemulsions, to enhance its stability and improve therapeutic properties [35][36][37][38]. While lipid nanosystems offer undeniable advances for the delivery of active compounds, their inherent liquid

• before and after washing, were immersed in liquid nitrogen and fractured using tweezers. The fractured samples were mounted on 45 degree stubs to capture cross-sectional images without requiring the sample holder to be moved. Confocal microscopy Confocal microscopy was conducted to observe the

Laser ablation in liquids for shape-tailored synthesis of nanomaterials: status and challenges

• Natalie Tarasenka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1963–1997, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.137

• stage of the development of laser ablation in liquids from the perspective of shape control of the forming nanomaterials. The key parameters influencing the NP shape are highlighted, including the composition of a liquid, laser focusing conditions and introduction of external fields, and the mechanism

• progress in the pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) field has been achieved by getting new insights into the process of laser ablation, its stages, and mechanisms allowing to significantly boost the productivity and reach gram-scale NP production [1][4]. Another direction of the research is the control

• (nanosecond), this interaction should be taken into account, resulting in the ionization and heating of the ejected material. The initial stages of interaction of a laser beam with a solid target are strongly dependent on laser pulse duration and fluence, surrounding liquid, target morphology and composition

Targeting the vector of arboviruses Aedes aegypti with nanoemulsions based on essential oils: a review with focus on larvicidal and repellent properties

• Laryssa Ferreira do Nascimento Silva,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Mariana Alice Gonzaga Gabú,
• Maria Cecilia Queiroga dos Santos,
• Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos,
• Mylena Lemos dos Santos,
• Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein,
• Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa and
• Fabio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1894–1913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.132

• [64]. Various classes of natural products and secondary metabolites have been evaluated, with a particular focus on plant essential oils and their constituents [65][66]. Essential oils in vector control Essential oils are hydrophobic, aromatic, volatile liquid compounds mainly secreted by glandular

Self-assembly and adhesive properties of Pollicipes pollicipes barnacle cement protein cp19k: influence of pH and ionic strength

• Shrutika Sawant,
• Anne Marie Power and
• J. Gerard Wall

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1863–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.129

• from 0–600 mM, using a Slide-A-Lyzer™ MINI dialysis device, 10K MWCO (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Samples were incubated at 25 °C for up to 21 days, removed at intervals, snap frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at −80 °C for further analysis Transmission electron microscopy A 10 µL aliquot of

Exploring the potential of polymers: advancements in oral nanocarrier technology

• Rousilândia de Araujo Silva,
• Igor Eduardo Silva Arruda,
• Luise Lopes Chaves,
• Mônica Felts de La Roca Soares and
• Jose Lamartine Soares Sobrinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1751–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.122

Multifunctional anionic nanoemulsion with linseed oil and lecithin: a preliminary approach for dry eye disease

• Niédja Fittipaldi Vasconcelos,
• Almerinda Agrelli,
• Rayane Cristine Santos da Silva,
• Carina Lucena Mendes-Marques,
• Isabel Renata de Souza Arruda,
• Priscilla Stela Santana de Oliveira,
• Mércia Liane de Oliveira and
• Giovanna Machado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1711–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.120

• liquid was removed with filter paper, and the samples were counterstained with 2.5% uranyl acetate (w/v). The grids were then dried under vacuum for 24 h before TEM analysis. Long-term stability test The long-term stability of the nanoformulations was assessed by storing the samples in hermetically

Beyond the bilayer: multilayered hygroscopic actuation in pine cone scales

• Kim Ulrich,
• Max David Mylo,
• Tom Masselter,
• Fabian Scheckenbach,
• Sophia Fischerbauer,
• Martin Nopens,
• Silja Flenner,
• Imke Greving,
• Linnea Hesse and
• Thomas Speck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1695–1710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.119

• , Hamburg, Germany) and a razor blade. One end of the pillars was then glued to special sample holders using a UV-cured liquid plastic welding system (Bondic BC4000, VIKO UG, Kranzberg, Germany). Each tissue sample was then imaged at a special synchrotron radiation-based nano-holotomography setup at the

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• –gas, solid–liquid, and liquid–gas interfaces in situ and under operando conditions. In this review, we highlight exemplary APXPS experiments conducted in different environments to study solid–gas and solid–liquid interfaces. APXPS at MAX IV is making a considerable contribution in various scientific

• environment, atomic layer deposition (ALD) is another field particularly developed at MAX IV. Also, the ultrahigh brightness of MAX IV ring, joined with in-house developments, make feasible in the soft X-ray regime, experiments accessing liquid layers and their interfaces with solids, opening up to completely

• permanently installed endstation dedicated to APXPS, that is, one for solid–gas experiments (SGE) and one primarily, but not limited to, for solid–liquid studies (SLE). The optics provide a spot size of 65 µm × 25 µm on the SGE and 60 µm × 50 µm on the SLE and a resolving power up to 35000. The SGE branch

Prospects of nanotechnology and natural products for cancer and immunotherapy

• Jan Filipe Andrade Santos,
• Marcela Bernardes Brasileiro,
• Pamela Danielle Cavalcante Barreto,
• Ligiane Aranha Rocha and
• José Adão Carvalho Nascimento Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1644–1667, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.116

Photocatalytic degradation of ofloxacin in water assisted by TiO₂ nanowires on carbon cloth: contributions of H₂O₂ addition and substrate absorbability

• Iram Hussain,
• Lisha Zhang,
• Zhizhen Ye and
• Jin-Ming Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1567–1579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.111

• –vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-3150, Shimadzu, Japan). The concentration of OFL was determined using a Nexera LC-40D XR ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system (SHIMADZU, Japan). A Pyris 1 TGA instrument (USA) was used to carry out the thermogravimetric (TG) investigations

• -first-order kinetic model, as determined by Equation 3: The concentration of OFL was assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography with a C18 column maintained at 30 °C. The UV–vis detector was calibrated to a wavelength of 292 nm. The mobile phase consisted of a 15:85 ratio of methanol to 0.8

Influence of laser beam profile on morphology and optical properties of silicon nanoparticles formed by laser ablation in liquid

• Natalie Tarasenka,
• Vladislav Kornev,
• Alena Nevar and
• Nikolai Tarasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1533–1544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.108

• Abstract In this study, silicon nanoparticles (NPs) were produced by pulsed laser ablation in a liquid, aiming to investigate the influence of a laser beam profile on the properties of the resultant NPs. Morphology, inner structure, and phase composition of the formed NPs were characterized by means of

• to alter the properties and morphology of NPs by changing the laser parameters and liquid media [10][11]. The control over the major characteristics of the produced nanomaterials can be achieved by adjustment of several experimental parameters, for example, laser wavelength, fluence, pulse width

• , repetition rate, and liquid composition. The parameters of the ablated target, such as its optical characteristics and conductivity/resistivity, might also have a pronounced impact on size and morphology of the produced NPs. As demonstrated in [12], femtosecond laser ablation of silicon with varying

Dendrimer-modified carbon nanotubes for the removal and recovery of heavy metal ions from water

• Thao Quynh Ngan Tran,
• Huu Trung Nguyen,
• Subodh Kumar and
• Xuan Thang Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1522–1532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.107

• using 30 mL of distilled water through a ring-opening mechanism [51]. Then, 0.4 g of freshly prepared MA was mixed with 3.0 g of a DES synthesized by the reaction of choline chloride and zinc chloride in a 1:2 molar ratio under continuous stirring at room temperature until a homogeneous liquid was

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• also touches upon the phenomenon of laser-induced defects in liquid environments. While numerous comprehensive reviews on these topics already exist, this article aims to offer a succinct overview of the fundamental principles and applications of these techniques [1]. The focus is on providing a

• [12]. The size, shape, and composition of these nanomaterials can be controlled by adjusting experimental parameters such as laser settings, liquid medium, and target material. Additionally, the preparation of doped and multicomponent semiconductor nanostructures could expand LAL’s potential in

• combinatorial library of constituents and interactions [15], understanding of these processes remains insufficient. Yan et al. outline a comprehensive mechanistic scenario of PLAL, highlighting the interactions between photons, liquid molecules, solid targets, and laser-induced particles [8]. The formation

Synthesis and antibacterial properties of nanosilver-modified cellulose triacetate membranes for seawater desalination

• Lei Wang,
• Shizhe Li,
• Kexin Xu,
• Wenjun Li,
• Ying Li and
• Gang Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.100

• spreading 25 µL bacterial liquid on each plate. The sterilized membranes were then placed on the top of the plate containing the attached bacterial strain and then incubated at 28 °C for 24 h. The antibacterial efficacy of each membrane was assessed by measuring the size of the inhibition zone against