Radiosensitizing properties of dual-functionalized carbon nanostructures loaded with temozolomide

• Radmila Milenkovska,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Petre Makreski,
• Dushko Lukarski,
• Igor Stojkovski,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska and
• Kristina Mladenovska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 229–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.18

Functional fibrillar interfaces: Biological hair as inspiration across scales

• Guillermo J. Amador,
• Brett Klaassen van Oorschot,
• Caiying Liao,
• Jianing Wu and
• Da Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.55

• their base. When the hair is deflected by mechanical forces, the membrane potential of the sensory cells is altered, and an electrical signal is sent to the nervous system. By receiving, analyzing, and finally reacting to the signal, the organism is able to respond to changes in the surroundings [131

Cholesterol nanoarchaeosomes for alendronate targeted delivery as an anti-endothelial dysfunction agent

• Horacio Emanuel Jerez,
• Yamila Roxana Simioni,
• Kajal Ghosal,
• Maria Jose Morilla and
• Eder Lilia Romero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 517–534, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.46

• into targeted nanovesicles, its anti-inflammatory activity may be amplified towards extra-osseous and noncalcified target cells, such as severely irritated vascular endothelium. Here cytotoxicity, mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP content, and membrane fluidity of human endothelial venous cells

• presence of ALN did not affect its organization (Figure 7A). (ii) Different from HUVECs, the formulations did not cause mitochondria membrane potential hyperpolarization; only nanoARC(ALN) caused a slight but significant hypopolarization (Figure 7B). (iii) The ATP levels were sensitive to the formulations

• at λem = 440 nm and λem = 490 nm, respectively. Mitochondrial membrane potential The effect of nanovesicle uptake by THP-1 macrophages and HUVECs on the mitochondrial membrane potential was determined using JC-1 dye according to the manufacturer’s guidelines [84]. Briefly, THP-1 macrophages and

Use of nanosystems to improve the anticancer effects of curcumin

• Andrea M. Araya-Sibaja,
• Norma J. Salazar-López,
• Krissia Wilhelm Romero,
• José R. Vega-Baudrit,
• J. Abraham Domínguez-Avila,
• Carlos A. Velázquez Contreras,
• Ramón E. Robles-Zepeda,
• Mirtha Navarro-Hoyos and
• Gustavo A. González-Aguilar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1047–1062, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.78

• -promoting effect of the phototherapy–CUR combination is the result of increased nuclear fragmentation, nuclear condensation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, increased cytosolic levels of cytochrome C, and regulation of apoptosis-related proteins

Antimicrobial metal-based nanoparticles: a review on their synthesis, types and antimicrobial action

• Matías Guerrero Correa,
• Fernanda B. Martínez,
• Cristian Patiño Vidal,
• Camilo Streitt,
• Juan Escrig and
• Carol Lopez de Dicastillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1450–1469, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.129

• membrane potential (Figure 6a), inhibiting the ATPase activity. This, in turn, reduced the ATP levels and stimulated the generation of ROS, simultaneously affecting other structures (Figure 6b) [167]. Genomic analysis has shown that TiO2 NPs can affect regulatory microorganism metabolic replication

Transient coating of γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles with glutamate for its delivery to and removal from brain nerve terminals

• Konstantin Paliienko,
• Artem Pastukhov,
• Michal Babič,
• Daniel Horák,
• Olga Vasylchenko and
• Tatiana Borisova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1381–1393, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.122

• and the membrane potential of nerve terminals. Six animals were used for blood plasma preparation. Isolation of nerve terminals (synaptosomes) from rat cortex The cortex zone of the rat brain was rapidly removed and homogenized in ice-cold 0.32 M sucrose, 5 mM HEPES-NaOH, pH 7.4 and 0.2 mM EDTA. The

• 10,000g for 20 s. Radioactivity was measured in supernatant aliquots of 100 µL using liquid scintillation counting and was expressed as a percentage of the total ʟ-[14C]glutamate incorporated into the nerve terminals [24]. Membrane potential of nerve terminals in the presence of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles The

• membrane potential was examined using rhodamine 6G (0.5 µM), a potentiometric fluorescent dye. The synaptosomal suspension at a concentration of 0.2 mg protein per mL was preincubated at 37 °C for 10 min in a stirred thermostated cuvette. In order to estimate alterations in the membrane potential, the

Bidirectional biomimetic flow sensing with antiparallel and curved artificial hair sensors

• Claudio Abels,
• Antonio Qualtieri,
• Toni Lober,
• Alessandro Mariotti,
• Lily D. Chambers,
• Massimo De Vittorio,
• William M. Megill and
• Francesco Rizzi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 32–46, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.4

• neuromast. Neuromasts contain bundles of hair cell stereovilli which are deflected mechanically by a flow stimulus which triggers a membrane potential shift. The neuromast has a directional sensitivity which is determined by an axis of orientation of the stereovilli and kinocilium of the individual hair

Enhanced antineoplastic/therapeutic efficacy using 5-fluorouracil-loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticles

• Shanid Mohiyuddin,
• Saba Naqvi and
• Gopinath Packirisamy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2499–2515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.233

• population corroborates the previous results of the ROS induction assay, AO/EB observations, and SEM micrographs. The results infer the detrimental effect of 5-FU-induced toxicity on cell growth and multiplication [50]. The change in the mitochondrial membrane potential over the course of a 24 h treatment

• with CaP@5-FU NPs in HCT-15 cells was validated (Figure S5, Supporting Information File 1) by using JC-9 dye as the mitochondrial specific dye. The CaP@5-FU NP treatment demonstrated a 2.37-times increase in cell population with loss in mitochondrial membrane potential. Semiquantitative reverse

Comparative study of antibacterial properties of polystyrene films with TiO_x and Cu nanoparticles fabricated using cluster beam technique

• Vladimir N. Popok,
• Cesarino M. Jeppesen,
• Peter Fojan,
• Anna Kuzminova,
• Jan Hanuš and
• Ondřej Kylián

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 861–869, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.80

• and perturbing the membrane potential leading to cell death. Furthermore, ions can be transported through the membrane into the cell and by replacing the original ions disturb proteins in the cytosol. Taken all these processes into consideration, metallic NPs with direct toxicity are expected to act

On the pathway of cellular uptake: new insight into the interaction between the cell membrane and very small nanoparticles

• Claudia Messerschmidt,
• Daniel Hofmann,
• Anja Kroeger,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Volker Mailänder and
• Ingo Lieberwirth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1296–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.121

• cervical model system directly leads to necrosis already showing significant effects in small size differences. Necrosis is also linked to fast mitochondrial damage, which goes along with the depletion of intracellular ATP [43][44]. When the intra-mitochondrial membrane potential is damaged also ATP

Reconstitution of the membrane protein OmpF into biomimetic block copolymer–phospholipid hybrid membranes

• Matthias Bieligmeyer,
• Franjo Artukovic,
• Stephan Nussberger,
• Thomas Hirth,
• Thomas Schiestel and
• Michaela Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 881–892, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.80

• (Figure 5A). Current recordings taken at a low membrane potential of 50 mV or 60 mV showed characteristic steps of current increase reflecting the insertion of OmpF into all membranes, independent of the molecular weight of the PIPEO present. At higher voltages, in particular above 100 mV, gating in the

• lipopolymer membranes. Purified OmpF was added to both sides of the membrane formed of different PIPEO/DPhPC mixtures with polymer molar fraction of 0.9. A solution of 1 M KCl was applied as electrolyte. (A) Insertion of OmpF into the membranes. A membrane potential of ΔV = +50 mV (PIPEO877/10 mol % DPhPC and

• PIPEO1530/10 mol % DPhPC) and ΔV = +60 mV (PIPEO3188/10 mol % DPhPC) was applied. (B) Current traces of individual channels of integrated OmpF in lipopolymer membranes at a membrane potential of ΔV = +120 mV. (C) Current trace of OmpF channels integrating into a planar DPhPC membrane. The membrane voltage

Unraveling the neurotoxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles: focusing on molecular mechanisms

• Bin Song,
• Yanli Zhang,
• Jia Liu,
• Xiaoli Feng,
• Ting Zhou and
• Longquan Shao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 645–654, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.57

• apoptosis. Human health and disease can be modulated by apoptosis [33][34]. Sheng et al. [35] found that TiO2 NPs induced apoptosis in primary hippocampal neurons. Elevated levels of Ca2+, cytochrome c, Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-12, as well as a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and blc

• toxic effects on cell structures Cell components, such as the cell membrane and mitochondria, can be targets of TiO2 NPs. TiO2 NPs can decrease cell viability of primary rat astrocytes. Herein, the mitochondrial morphology was changed and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was reduced, suggesting

Functional fusion of living systems with synthetic electrode interfaces

• Oskar Staufer,
• Sebastian Weber,
• C. Peter Bengtson,
• Hilmar Bading,
• Joachim P. Spatz and
• Amin Rustom

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 296–301, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.27

• stage represents an individual multinucleated cell confined by one continuous plasma membrane, featuring complex membrane potential oscillations [2] correlated with problem solving strategies [3][4] and electrochemical reactions to varying environmental conditions, including light [5] and humidity [6

• ). The measurements from Physarum p. sandwiched between a PGE and an NEI resulted in two distinctive states. In a first set of experiments, a mean voltage of −40 ± 6 mV was detected (Figure 2c, red), corresponding to published estimates of membrane potential of Physarum p. plasmodia, ranging from −20 to

• of stable electrical access to the membrane potential of cells opens the door for various applications requiring direct or indirect access to the electrochemical machinery of biological structures. To demonstrate the capabilities of our NEI technology in view of typical sensor applications, we used

Carbon-based smart nanomaterials in biomedicine and neuroengineering

• Antonina M. Monaco and
• Michele Giugliano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1849–1863, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.196

• equivalent, as the input resistance, the membrane capacitance and the resting membrane potential) were comparable to the control conditions [118][119][121][122] (Figure 3d). Ultimately, the increase in spontaneous activity, exhibited by neurons in the presence of CNTs, was not a result of an altered cell

• notable potential drop between the extra- and intracellular compartment, can be used as nanoscopic magnetic sensors of spin labels. Considering the typical values of membrane thickness and membrane potential, the order of magnitude for the expected electric fields is 107 V·m−1, which can allow for the

Manipulation of isolated brain nerve terminals by an external magnetic field using D-mannose-coated γ-Fe₂O₃ nano-sized particles and assessment of their effects on glutamate transport

• Tatiana Borisova,
• Natalia Krisanova,
• Arsenii Borуsov,
• Roman Sivko,
• Ludmila Ostapchenko,
• Michal Babic and
• Daniel Horak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 778–788, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.90

• (synaptosomes). Also, the membrane potential of synaptosomes and acidification of synaptic vesicles was not changed as a result of the application of D-mannose-coated γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles. This was demonstrated with the potential-sensitive fluorescent dye rhodamine 6G and the pH-sensitive dye acridine orange

• uptake and release; manipulation by an external magnetic field; D-mannose; membrane potential; nanoparticles; rat brain nerve terminals; synaptic vesicle acidification; Introduction Nanoparticles have great biotechnological potential opening a wide range of new applications. Properties of nanomaterials

• uptake of glutamate by rat brain nerve terminals via specific high-affinity Na+-dependent plasma membrane transporters by using radiolabeled L-[14C]glutamate; (2) the membrane potential (Em) of the plasma membrane of nerve terminals by using potential sensitive fluorescent dye rhodamine 6G; and (3) the