Emerging strategies in the sustainable removal of antibiotics using semiconductor-based photocatalysts

• Yunus Ahmed,
• Keya Rani Dutta,
• Parul Akhtar,
• Md. Arif Hossen,
• Md. Jahangir Alam,
• Obaid A. Alharbi,
• Hamad AlMohamadi and
• Abdul Wahab Mohammad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 264–285, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.21

• of O2 (O2/O2•− = −0.33 V vs NHE). Diverse approaches have been suggested to enhance its photocatalytic activity. For example, g-C3N4-WO3 [115], rGO/WO3 [116], and multi-wall carbon nanotubes-WO3 [118] were found to photodegrade SMX under 300 W xenon arc solar simulator light. These three catalysts

Radiosensitizing properties of dual-functionalized carbon nanostructures loaded with temozolomide

• Radmila Milenkovska,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Petre Makreski,
• Dushko Lukarski,
• Igor Stojkovski,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska and
• Kristina Mladenovska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 229–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.18

• , temozolomide (TMZ), a drug used for the treatment of anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), was incorporated into multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and a MWCNTs–graphene (MWCNTs-G) hybrid compound, covalently functionalized with polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 and folic acid (FA), with an

• nanostructures; cytotoxicity; glioblastoma multiforme; radiosensitizing properties; temozolomide; Introduction Carbon-based nanostructures (CNs) such as graphene and its derivatives, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), fullerenes, carbon quantum dots, carbon nanohorns and nanodiamonds (NDs), and their hybrids are becoming

• photodynamic therapy can be obtained [1][2][3][4][5]. It has been shown that CNs have an anti-amyloid aggregation activity, and some of them (i.e., carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene) are able to interface with neurons and neuronal circuits and play an important role in the modulation of neurobiological

Recent advances in photothermal nanomaterials for ophthalmic applications

• Jiayuan Zhuang,
• Linhui Jia,
• Chenghao Li,
• Rui Yang,
• Jiapeng Wang,
• Wen-an Wang,
• Heng Zhou and
• Xiangxia Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 195–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.16

• heat (see below in Figure 2d) [57]. The presence of a high density of loosely bound electrons and the narrow energy level spacing of the π electrons endow carbon materials (such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon quantum dots, and fullerenes) and polymer materials (like polydopamine, polyaniline

Modeling and simulation of carbon-nanocomposite-based gas sensors

• Roopa Hegde,
• Punya Prabha V,
• Shipra Upadhyay and
• Krishna S B

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 90–96, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.9

• sensor using COMSOL Multiphysics whose active sensing material used is a carbon nanocomposite (i.e., 0.1 wt % of single-walled carbon nanotubes along with PEDOT:PSS (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)) in an equal volume ratio of 1:1. Given the high cost associated with the

• nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, and carbon black, embedded within a polymer matrix [1]. The distinctive properties of carbon nanocomposites have positioned them as promising candidates for various applications, particularly in the development of advanced sensors. The small amounts of

Electrochemical nanostructured CuBTC/FeBTC MOF composite sensor for enrofloxacin detection

• Thi Kim Ngan Nguyen,
• Tien Dat Doan,
• Huy Hieu Luu,
• Hoang Anh Nguyen,
• Thi Thu Ha Vu,
• Quang Hai Tran,
• Ha Tran Nguyen,
• Thanh Binh Dang,
• Thi Hai Yen Pham and
• Mai Ha Hoang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1522–1535, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.120

• , respectively [31]. In addition, the coupling of MOFs with conducting polymers was investigated to modulate their electrical properties. Conducting poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanotubes were coated with porphyrin-based MOFs to detect dopamine in the range of 2 × 10−6 to 270 × 10−6 M with a LOD of 0.04 × 10

Integrating high-performance computing, machine learning, data management workflows, and infrastructures for multiscale simulations and nanomaterials technologies

• Fabio Le Piane,
• Mario Vozza,
• Matteo Baldoni and
• Francesco Mercuri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1498–1521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.119

• structures, including nanotubes, nanocones, and fullerenes. The software generates precise xyz coordinates for these molecular models. Users can visualize the resulting structures using either the built-in viewer or by exporting the data to their preferred visualization software [74][75]. Infrastructures for

Green synthesis of carbon dot structures from Rheum Ribes and Schottky diode fabrication

• Muhammed Taha Durmus and
• Ebru Bozkurt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1369–1375, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.110

• single-walled carbon nanotubes in 2004. They are crystalline materials with dimensions between 1 and 10 nm, whose degree of carbonization can be changed, and exhibit many functional groups on the surface. CDs have attracted great attention because of their optical and chemical properties and have a wide

New design of operational MEMS bridges for measurements of properties of FEBID-based nanostructures

• Bartosz Pruchnik,
• Krzysztof Kwoka,
• Ewelina Gacka,
• Dominik Badura,
• Piotr Kunicki,
• Andrzej Sierakowski,
• Paweł Janus,
• Tomasz Piasecki and
• Teodor Gotszalk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1273–1282, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.103

• of the nanostructures into larger devices remains one of the major challenges, especially when non-silicon materials (such as carbon nanotubes or multimaterial nanowires) are used [8][9][10]. Among the fabrication methods, particle beam-based methods offer the greatest versatility for rapid

Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications

• Shakhzodjon Uzokboev,
• Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov,
• Ra’no Nuritdinova,
• Salah M. Tawfik and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88

• include conductive polymers, enzymes, carbon nanotubes, and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). MIPs function similarly to enzymes, producing polymeric cross-linked active sites for certain analytes. MIPs were initially used in optical sensing, but they have lately been examined in electrochemical

• TiO2 nanotubes inside the alginate sensing scaffold. In this experiment, the physiological range of glucose from 10 to 1000 µM was tested using colorimetry (Figure 8). A chrono-sampling microfluidic device was used to detect the change of glucose levels over time. This new device based on alginate

Effect of wavelength and liquid on formation of Ag, Au, Ag/Au nanoparticles via picosecond laser ablation and SERS-based detection of DMMP

• Sree Satya Bharati Moram,
• Chandu Byram and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1054–1069, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.86

• acoustic wave (SAW) sensors, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), carbon nanotubes, and chemiresistive sensors. SERS-active substrates encounter obstacles in translation toward practical applications, primarily due to the difficulty of sample collection. As a result, there is a persistent need for

Interface properties of nanostructured carbon-coated biological implants: an overview

• Mattia Bartoli,
• Francesca Cardano,
• Erik Piatti,
• Stefania Lettieri,
• Andrea Fin and
• Alberto Tagliaferro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1041–1053, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.85

• nanostructured carbon coatings (nanodiamonds, carbon nanotubes, and graphene-related materials) for the improvement of the overall properties of medical implants. We are focusing on biological interactions, improved corrosion resistance, and overall mechanical properties, trying to provide a complete overview

• within the field. Keywords: biocompatibility; carbon nanotubes; coatings; graphene; nanodiamonds; surfaces; Introduction For centuries, the simple manipulation of natural resources has represented the only available strategy for the realization of artifacts, buildings, and innovations, until the

• applications [4] as active species or as drug delivery platforms using tailored carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [5][6], fullerenes [7][8], carbon dots (CDs) [9][10], and graphene-related materials (i.e., graphene oxide (GO) [11], reduced graphene oxide (rGO) [12], and nanographite (nG) [13]). Furthermore, the

Bolometric IR photoresponse based on a 3D micro-nano integrated CNT architecture

• Yasameen Al-Mafrachi,
• Sandeep Yadav,
• Sascha Preu,
• Jörg J. Schneider and
• Oktay Yilmazoglu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1030–1040, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.84

• for non-cryogenic IR microbolometer technology, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have emerged as highly promising candidates [2] with broadband blackbody absorption [3], high resistance perpendicular to the CNT orientation [4], low lateral thermal conductivity [5], a high temperature coefficient of resistance

• nanoparticles at ≈750 °C. Finally, the samples were synthesized by water-assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at 800 °C, similar to the CVD process presented in [13][14], to achieve a crystalline graphitic nature of the carbon nanotubes. Argon was used as the carrier gas and ethylene as the carbon source. A

• from similar CNT growth conditions have been published in previous works [7][15]. It was shown that more than 90% of the CNTs grown on the Si wafer were double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs). The new TEM micrograph in Figure 3a shows the DWCNTs. Diameter and chirality of the carbon nanotubes are

A review on the structural characterization of nanomaterials for nano-QSAR models

• Salvador Moncho,
• Eva Serrano-Candelas,
• Jesús Vicente de Julián-Ortiz and
• Rafael Gozalbes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 854–866, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.71

• abundant families among the carbon-based NMs are nanotubes and fullerenes; they are also considered inorganic and have a simple chemical composition (mostly carbon). Hence, classical organic molecular descriptors are not commonly found in the core composition, although they are potentially applicable to

• common to find nano-QSAR models focused on groups of nanoforms that have different activity but are chemically homogeneous in their core, that is, which include NMs with the same or similar core composition (e.g., only nanotubes and fullerenes, or only metal oxides). One example is the use of the count

• , the nanoform identification of certain materials, such as pristine carbon nanoforms, does not really describe the composition (pure carbon) but the nanostructure (shape and composition of nanotubes or fullerenes) [40]. Otherwise, the single-formula representation of the chemical composition of a

AFM-IR investigation of thin PECVD SiO_x films on a polypropylene substrate in the surface-sensitive mode

• Hendrik Müller,
• Hartmut Stadler,
• Teresa de los Arcos,
• Adrian Keller and
• Guido Grundmeier

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 603–611, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.51

• work of Rosenberger et al. [27], where a polymeric substrate supports the sensitivity of AFM-IR detecting thin carbon nanotubes. Nevertheless, the system shown here is not completely transferable, as samples with a continuous coating were examined in this study. These results highlight the potential of

On the mechanism of piezoresistance in nanocrystalline graphite

• Sandeep Kumar,
• Simone Dehm and
• Ralph Krupke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 376–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.34

• strain or piezoresistivity in graphene is expected to be small because the displacement of the Dirac point occurs in continuous k space, and strain-induced lattice distortions do not change the local band structure up to 20% strain [4]. In contrast, because of the quantized k space in carbon nanotubes

Ultrasensitive and ultrastretchable metal crack strain sensor based on helical polydimethylsiloxane

• Shangbi Chen,
• Dewen Liu,
• Weiwei Chen,
• Huajiang Chen,
• Jiawei Li and
• Jinfang Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 270–278, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.25

• -dimensional Ti3C2Tx MXene nanostacks [23]. The sensor exhibited a high GF of 772.6 when subjected to a strain range of 40–70%, owing to the presence of cracks induced in the MXene layer and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) acting as bridges. In a separate study, Xin et al. reported the fabrication of highly sensitive

Multiscale modelling of biomolecular corona formation on metallic surfaces

• Parinaz Mosaddeghi Amini,
• Ian Rouse,
• Julia Subbotina and
• Vladimir Lobaskin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 215–229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.21

• (TiO2, SiO2, and Fe2O3), carbonaceous NPs (graphene, carbon nanotubes, and carbon black), semiconductors (CdSe) [26], and polymers [27], it lacks the set of short-range potentials required for calculating milk protein-aluminum adsorption energies. Here, we compute potentials of mean force (PMF) for Al

Graphene removal by water-assisted focused electron-beam-induced etching – unveiling the dose and dwell time impact on the etch profile and topographical changes in SiO₂ substrates

• Aleksandra Szkudlarek,
• Jan M. Michalik,
• Inés Serrano-Esparza,
• Zdeněk Nováček,
• Veronika Novotná,
• Piotr Ozga,
• Czesław Kapusta and
• José María De Teresa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 190–198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.18

• ][17] and all carbon allotropes, such as diamond [18][19] or carbon nanotubes [20]. Although the fundamentals of the FEBIE method are easily intelligible, the process includes complex surface kinetics phenomena occurring between electrons and adsorbed molecules [21]. Hence, the resolution of the method

Influence of conductive carbon and MnCo₂O₄ on morphological and electrical properties of hydrogels for electrochemical energy conversion

• Sylwia Pawłowska,
• Karolina Cysewska,
• Yasamin Ziai,
• Jakub Karczewski,
• Piotr Jasiński and
• Sebastian Molin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 57–70, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.6

• , drugs, metal nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, or biomolecules. This is a very important advantage that opens ways of designing composite hydrogels with various properties and applications such as biomedical [8][9][10], biosensors [11][12][13], wearable electronics [14][15][16

• appropriate electrical conductivity [22]. Suspension of conductive fillers in the hydrogel structure, such as metallic particles (gold nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles) [23][24][25], carbon-based materials (GO graphene oxide, CNT carbon nanotubes) [26][27][28], and conductive polymers (polyaniline

Determination of the radii of coated and uncoated silicon AFM sharp tips using a height calibration standard grating and a nonlinear regression function

• Perawat Boonpuek and
• Jonathan R. Felts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1200–1207, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.99

• nanostructured materials, for example, graphene, carbon nanotubes, nanoscale semiconductors, biomaterials, and molecules. Mechanical properties such as surface stiffness, adhesion, friction, electrostatics, and electrowetting can be measured [1][2][3][4]. In contact mode scanning, the contact area between the

A combined gas-phase dissociative ionization, dissociative electron attachment and deposition study on the potential FEBID precursor [Au(CH₃)₂Cl]₂

• Elif Bilgilisoy,
• Ali Kamali,
• Thomas Xaver Gentner,
• Gerd Ballmann,
• Sjoerd Harder,
• Hans-Peter Steinrück,
• Hubertus Marbach and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1178–1199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.98

• nanotechnology. These include, but are not limited to electronic interconnects [5], metamaterials [6], growth substrates for nanowires and nanotubes [7], and complex plasmonic structures [8][9]. For the latter application, mastery over the shape as well as accurate control of the distribution of the

Hierarchically patterned polyurethane microgrooves featuring nanopillars or nanoholes for neurite elongation and alignment

• Lester Uy Vinzons,
• Guo-Chung Dong and
• Shu-Ping Lin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1157–1168, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.96

• positively affect neural functions and neurite outgrowth [3]. Studies on in vitro models for peripheral neurons show promising results for such structures, to wit, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanotubes and SU-8 nanoholes resulted in significantly longer neurites in pheochromocytoma 12 (PC12) cells [5][6

Properties of tin oxide films grown by atomic layer deposition from tin tetraiodide and ozone

• Kristjan Kalam,
• Peeter Ritslaid,
• Tanel Käämbre,
• Aile Tamm and
• Kaupo Kukli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1085–1092, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.89

• nanocomposite layer. ZrO2–SnO2 stacked layers have been shown to perform as mechanically elastic and magnetizable films [6]. SnO2-coated carbon nanotubes have been studied as catalysts [7] and ZnO–SnO2 as functional composite in Li-ion batteries [8]. A recent review article from 2022 lists 27 different

Experimental investigation of usage of POE lubricants with Al₂O₃, graphene or CNT nanoparticles in a refrigeration compressor

• Kayhan Dağıdır and
• Kemal Bilen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1041–1058, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.86

• nanotubes (CNTs) at different mass fractions in a refrigeration compressor was experimentally investigated. The required electrical power of the compressor was measured to determine the effect of the use of nanolubricants. Nanoparticles used in the preparation of nanolubricants were gradually added to the

• : Al2O3; carbon nanotubes; graphene; nanolubricant; polyolester oil; refrigeration compressor; Introduction Compressor performance is directly related to the thermophysical properties of the lubricant. Improving the thermophysical properties of lubricants can be tried as a method to improve compressor

• hexagonal graphite peak for the carbon nanotubes (JCPDS No. 41-1487). These peak placements correspond nicely with previous studies in the literature. Lubricant In this study, nanoparticles were added to the compressor lubricant. The lubricant of the compressor in the test installation was an EMKARATE RL

Nanoarchitectonics of photothermal materials to enhance the sensitivity of lateral flow assays

• Elangovan Sarathkumar,
• Rajasekharan S. Anjana and
• Ramapurath S. Jayasree

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 988–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.82

• properties, that is, plasmonic materials (e.g., Au, Ag, and Pt), semiconductor materials (e.g., transition metal oxides, transition metal chalcogenides, and transition metal dichalcogenides), carbon-based nanomaterials (such as graphene oxide and carbon nanotubes), and polymer nanomaterials [33][34] (Figure

• because of their remarkable ability to absorb light across a broad spectrum and their high PCE. The main classes of photothermal carbon-based nanomaterials are carbon nanotubes, graphene-based nanomaterials, carbon quantum dots, and carbon-based composite materials. Among these, carbon nanotubes have the