Enhancing mechanical properties of chitosan/PVA electrospun nanofibers: a comprehensive review

• Nur Areisman Mohd Salleh,
• Amalina Muhammad Afifi,
• Fathiah Mohamed Zuki and
• Hanna Sofia SalehHudin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 286–307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.22

A review of metal-organic frameworks and polymers in mixed matrix membranes for CO₂ capture

• Charlotte Skjold Qvist Christensen,
• Nicholas Hansen,
• Mahboubeh Motadayen,
• Nina Lock,
• Martin Lahn Henriksen and
• Jonathan Quinson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 155–186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.14

Green synthesis of biomass-derived carbon quantum dots for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue

• Dalia Chávez-García,
• Mario Guzman,
• Viridiana Sanchez and
• Rubén D. Cadena-Nava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 755–766, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.63

• autoclave was allowed to cool and the solution was retrieved. After the synthesis, the solutions were filtered through a Büchner funnel equipped with a 200 nm nylon membrane (Whatman) [30] and centrifuged at 15000 rpm for 20 min. The process previously described was repeated modifying the chemical condition

Assessing phytotoxicity and tolerance levels of ZnO nanoparticles on Raphanus sativus: implications for widespread adoptions

• Pathirannahalage Sahan Samuditha,
• Nadeesh Madusanka Adassooriya and
• Nazeera Salim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 115–125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.11

• Thermo Scientific iCE 3500 AAS using air-dried seedlings (until obtaining a constant mass). Plants were digested with acid using 7.5 mL of 65% HNO3 for 3 h at 90 °C [65]. Finally, 2.5 mL of distilled water was added and filtered with nylon syringe filters (0.2 μm). Data analysis One-way ANOVA followed by

Study of the reusability and stability of nylon nanofibres as an antibody immobilisation surface

• Inés Peraile,
• Matilde Gil-García,
• Laura González-López,
• Nushin A. Dabbagh-Escalante,
• Juan C. Cabria-Ramos and
• Paloma Lorenzo-Lozano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 83–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.8

• devices are able to respond to these needs. In the design of these immunological devices, surface antibody immobilisation is crucial. Nylon nanofibres have been described as a very good option because they allow for an increase in the surface-to-volume ratio, leading to an increase in immunocapture

• efficiency. In this paper, we want to deepen the study of other key points, such as the reuse and stability of these nanofibres, in order to assess their profitability. On the one hand, the reusability of nanofibres has been studied using different stripping treatments at different pH values on the nylon

• stability of the nylon nanofibres. To achieve this, we analysed any loss of immunocapture ability of well-oriented antibodies anchored both to the nylon nanofibres and to a specialised surface with high protein binding capacity. The nanofibre immunocapture system maintained an unchanged immunocapture

Microneedle-based ocular drug delivery systems – recent advances and challenges

• Piotr Gadziński,
• Anna Froelich,
• Monika Wojtyłko,
• Antoni Białek,
• Julia Krysztofiak and
• Tomasz Osmałek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1167–1184, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.98

• of a light processing-based 3D printing technique. Then its shape was imprinted in the elastomer (Sylgard® 184) and the prepared form was used to obtain the final microneedles by molding. The in vitro tests with the use of a Parafilm/polyethylene/nylon membrane equivalent and a fluid mimicking

A stretchable triboelectric nanogenerator made of silver-coated glass microspheres for human motion energy harvesting and self-powered sensing applications

• Hui Li,
• Yaju Zhang,
• Yonghui Wu,
• Hui Zhao,
• Weichao Wang,
• Xu He and
• Haiwu Zheng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 402–412, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.32

• procedure of the TENG devices. More recently, Qian et al. proposed a nylon-regulated TENG in contact-separated working mode, whose open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current can reach up to 1.17 kV and 138 µA, respectively [16]. Although this is a tremendous advancement in output performance, the

Toward graphene textiles in wearable eye tracking systems for human–machine interaction

• Ata Jedari Golparvar and
• Murat Kaya Yapici

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 180–189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.14

• technologies. Materials and Methods Synthesis of graphene textiles and electrode preparation The developed process to synthesize conductive graphene textiles is based on a low-cost and scalable, three-step approach in which conformal layers of graphene were formed on various fabrics including nylon, polyester

• tailored explicitly to EOG-based human–computer/robot interaction (HCI/HRI). (a) Schematic of the three-step process to obtain conformal graphene coatings on a variety of textiles including nylon, cotton, and polyester; (b) image of the graphene textile “active” electrode with integrated buffer circuitry

Paper-based triboelectric nanogenerators and their applications: a review

• Jing Han,
• Nuo Xu,
• Yuchen Liang,
• Mei Ding,
• Junyi Zhai,
• Qijun Sun and
• Zhong Lin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 151–171, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.12

• power sources or self-powering strategies. Chen et al. showed the construction of origami P-TENGs as a self-powered paper interface (SPIN) to harvest mechanical energy from contact–separation movements [132] (Figure 6b). The SPIN unit is made of copper tape electrodes, PTFE, and nylon sheet friction

Effect of different silica coatings on the toxicity of upconversion nanoparticles on RAW 264.7 macrophage cells

• Cynthia Kembuan,
• Helena Oliveira and
• Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 35–48, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.3

• (pore size: 0.2 µm, Rotilab). Nylon filters were used for particles dispersed in cyclohexane and ethanol, whereas regenerated cellulose filters were used for particles dispersed in water or DMEM. Zeta potential measurements of the dispersions in ethanol and water were carried out using capillary zeta

• until analysis. At the time of analysis, cells were centrifuged at 300g for 5 min, resuspended in PBS, and filtered through a 50 µm nylon mesh to separate aggregates. Cells were then incubated with 50 µL of propidium iodide (1 mg/mL), a DNA intercalating fluorochrome, and 50 µL of RNase (1 mg/mL) for 20

Extracting viscoelastic material parameters using an atomic force microscope and static force spectroscopy

• Cameron H. Parvini,
• M. A. S. R. Saadi and
• Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 922–937, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.77

• handling outlined in the section immediately afterward. For clarity, a specific example is then provided in the “Results and Discussion” section, showing how to extract viscoelastic parameters using AFM-SFS data collected from hollow nylon 6,6 tubing. Theoretical Background To understand the analytical

• literature it remains difficult to discard parameter sets based upon their harmonic quantities. The following section examines the fit procedure applied to nylon, and the effects of experimental settings on the quality of fit provided by the presented methodology. Extracting viscoelastic parameters from

• experimental data for nylon A hollow nylon tube (source: McMaster-Carr, P/N 8628K48, Grade 6/6) was cut, ground smooth with a hand-held rotary tool, and cleaned in isopropyl alcohol (IPA) followed by a bath in deionized (DI) water. The sample was then allowed to dry sufficiently and mounted on an AFM metal

Coating of upconversion nanoparticles with silica nanoshells of 5–250 nm thickness

• Cynthia Kembuan,
• Maysoon Saleh,
• Bastian Rühle,
• Ute Resch-Genger and
• Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2410–2421, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.231

• (pore size: 0.2 µm; materials: nylon or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) for particles dispersed in cyclohexane and nylon or regenerated cellulose for particles dispersed in ethanol, Rotilab). Zeta potential measurements of the aqueous dispersions were carried out with a Zetasizer Nano ZS in capillary

Four self-made free surface electrospinning devices for high-throughput preparation of high-quality nanofibers

• Yue Fang and
• Lan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2261–2274, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.218

• contains a nylon cone-shaped air nozzle with a height of 28 mm and a bottom diameter of 36 mm. The solution reservoir of the MFSE device is a similar copper cylinder with a height of 30 mm and an outer diameter of 40 mm, in which a cylindrical groove with a radius of 18 mm and a height of 5 mm is dug from

Flexible freestanding MoS₂-based composite paper for energy conversion and storage

• Florian Zoller,
• Jan Luxa,
• Thomas Bein,
• Dina Fattakhova-Rohlfing,
• Daniel Bouša and
• Zdeněk Sofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1488–1496, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.147

• mg of SWCNTs were added to 80 mL of Ar-purged NMP. The suspension was then exfoliated under Ar atmosphere for 2 h at 16,000 rot/min using a high-energy shear-force disperser. After that, the mixture was vacuum-filtered on top of a nylon filter and washed with methanol several times. The use of

In situ AFM visualization of Li–O₂ battery discharge products during redox cycling in an atmospherically controlled sample cell

• Kumar Virwani,
• Younes Ansari,
• Khanh Nguyen,
• Francisco José Alía Moreno-Ortiz,
• Jangwoo Kim,
• Maxwell J. Giammona,
• Ho-Cheol Kim and
• Young-Hye La

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 930–940, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.94

• moisture and oxygen exposure. The cell components were held together using Nylon screws outside of the glassy carbon discs, preventing any contact between screws and the electrolyte. It should be noted that the cell design was optimized to allow for the in situ study of the Li/O2 electrochemical reaction

Removal of toxic heavy metals from river water samples using a porous silica surface modified with a new β-ketoenolic host

• Said Tighadouini,
• Smaail Radi,
• Abderrahman Elidrissi,
• Khadija Haboubi,
• Maryse Bacquet,
• Stéphanie Degoutin,
• Mustapha Zaghrioui and
• Yann Garcia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 262–273, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.25

• in-field metal ion removal. Two samples were selected from Morocco rivers: (i) Ghiss (Al Hoceima), (ii) Touissit-bou-bekker (Jerada-Oujda). All samples were collected with a polyethylene bottle and used without storage. The river water was filtered through a 0.45 μm nylon membrane. The ability of

Graphene composites with dental and biomedical applicability

• Sharali Malik,
• Felicite M. Ruddock,
• Adam H. Dowling,
• Kevin Byrne,
• Wolfgang Schmitt,
• Ivan Khalakhan,
• Yoshihiro Nemoto,
• Hongxuan Guo,
• Lok Kumar Shrestha,
• Katsuhiko Ariga and
• Jonathan P. Hill

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 801–808, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.73

• covered with an acetate strip and aligned using nylon wedges and a locating pin. The hand-mixed GI restorative plastic mass was applied to one side of the split-mould immediately after mixing using the stainless steel spatula and allowed to flow into the mould to minimise air bubble incorporation in the

Heavy-metal detectors based on modified ferrite nanoparticles

• Urszula Klekotka,
• Ewelina Wińska,
• Elżbieta Zambrzycka-Szelewa,
• Dariusz Satuła and
• Beata Kalska-Szostko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 762–770, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.69

• dissolution in ethanol were drop-cast on a carbon-covered 400 mesh Cu grid. The XRD apparatus requires the placement of a small amount of powder on a nylon loop coated with high-viscosity synthetic oil. Infrared spectra (IR) were collected in a spectral range between 400 and 4000 cm−1 and were attained by a

Engineering of oriented carbon nanotubes in composite materials

• Razieh Beigmoradi,
• Abdolreza Samimi and
• Davod Mohebbi-Kalhori

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 415–435, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.41

• field emitters [6][27][28][31][33][37][38][39]. In recent research, fracture and stretching processes have jointly been used to align CNTs in a controlled manner [40]. In this process, functionalized CNTs were initially well-dispersed in water using ultrasound and then were sprayed on a nylon membrane

• seconds at a temperature of 100–120 °C and pressure of 106 Pa. Lastly, the composite sheet was carefully peeled off to form two uniform layers of PSF/nylon/CNTs (Figure 5). In fact, compression under heat treatment leads to a strong interaction between the membrane surface and CNTs. Because of the angle

• ], copyright 2002 AIP publishing LLC. Fracture stretching method containing two steps, hot press and peel off, to align CNTs. (a) The hot press of the polysulfone (PSF) layer on the composite film of embedded CNTs on a nylon polymer membrane by spraying suspension until dry, (b,c) peel off the PSF layers from

Advances and challenges in the field of plasma polymer nanoparticles

• Andrei Choukourov,
• Pavel Pleskunov,
• Daniil Nikitin,
• Valerii Titov,
• Artem Shelemin,
• Mykhailo Vaidulych,
• Anna Kuzminova,
• Pavel Solař,
• Jan Hanuš,
• Jaroslav Kousal,
• Ondřej Kylián,
• Danka Slavínská and
• Hynek Biederman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2002–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.200

• a result of plasma polymerization of n-hexane and hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) [53] or as a result of RF magnetron sputtering of nylon [54] and poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) [55]. One can readily judge the diversity of shape and morphology of the NPs with diameters ranging from tens to hundreds

• arrangement used for the production of NPs by RF magnetron sputtering of nylon [66]. Here, photos of glass substrates taken after the depositions with or without the electrostatic field applied are shown. The nylon-sputtered NPs produce a circular deposit opposing the exit orifice when no voltage is applied

• pass through. One can obtain the ratio between the neutral, the positively and the negatively charged NPs by measuring their mass fluxes with opposing voltages on the central grid. The calculations performed for the PTFE-sputtered NPs [55] support the qualitative data obtained for nylon sputtering and

Carbon nano-onions as fluorescent on/off modulated nanoprobes for diagnostics

• Stefania Lettieri,
• Marta d’Amora,
• Adalberto Camisasca,
• Alberto Diaspro and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1878–1888, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.188

• h. The oxi-CNOs were separated from the reaction mixture by centrifugation (15 min at 1800 rpm) and filtered off on a nylon filter membrane (pore size 0.2 µm) and washed with dH2O, DMF, methanol and acetone. After drying overnight at RT, 51.2 mg of oxi-CNOs were obtained as a black powder. fluo-CNOs

• (0.0044 mmol) of BODIPY 3, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 h under di-nitrogen atmosphere. The fluo-CNOs were filtered off thought a nylon membrane (pore size 0.2 µm) and washed with fresh DMF, THF and MeOH to remove the unreacted dye and the remaining reagents. 9.7 mg of fluo-CNOs

Characterization of ferrite nanoparticles for preparation of biocomposites

• Urszula Klekotka,
• Magdalena Rogowska,
• Dariusz Satuła and
• Beata Kalska-Szostko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1257–1265, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.127

• micro-focused source (Kα2 = 0.713067 Å). For structural characterization, the nanoparticle powder was placed onto a nylon loop fixed to a proper pin with the help of a high viscous synthetic oil. The FTIR spectra were collected in reflection mode on a Nicolet Magna IR 550 Series II spectrometer in the

Study of the correlation between sensing performance and surface morphology of inkjet-printed aqueous graphene-based chemiresistors for NO₂ detection

• F. Villani,
• C. Schiattarella,
• T. Polichetti,
• R. Di Capua,
• F. Loffredo,
• B. Alfano,
• M. L. Miglietta,
• E. Massera,
• L. Verdoliva and
• G. Di Francia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1023–1031, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.103

• 10 min. Characterizations The concentration of the dispersed material soon after centrifugation has been determined by filtering a known volume of dispersion through a nylon membrane. The filter has been dried overnight in vacuum at 40 °C and the filtered mass was carefully measured, taking into

Vapor deposition routes to conformal polymer thin films

• Priya Moni,
• Ahmed Al-Obeidi and
• Karen K. Gleason

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 723–735, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.76

• polymers on nylon membranes to be used in membrane distillation [2]. Conformal film coverage of the membrane microstructure is essential to prevent the wetting of liquid water, a critical property for this application. As seen in Figure 7a and Figure 7b, the overall structure of a nylon membrane before and

• that controlled protein adsorption [16]. Martin et al. used iCVD deposited conformal coatings of poly(dimethylaminomethylstyrene) on nylon fabric as antimicrobial agents again E. Coli and B. subtilis, as shown in Figure 6f [27]. Xu et al. demonstrated the benefit of iCVD over plasma enhanced polymer

• ], copyright 2011 American Chemical Society. SEM images of iCVD pEGDA on micro-trenches with aspect ratios of a) 1.4 b) 3.5, c) 5.5 and d) 8.4. e) Cross-sectional SEM of 25 µm stainless-steel wire with 16 µm fluoropolymer coating formed via iCVD. f) iCVD pDMAMS on nylon fiber ion beam ablated to reveal

Copper atomic-scale transistors

• Fangqing Xie,
• Maryna N. Kavalenka,
• Moritz Röger,
• Daniel Albrecht,
• Hendrik Hölscher,
• Jürgen Leuthold and
• Thomas Schimmel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 530–538, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.57

• contact. Fabrication of copper atomic-scale transistors The copper atomic-scale transistor fabrication and operation experiments were performed in a Nylon electrochemical cell and observed in situ under a Leica confocal microscope. At the initial stage, a copper wire was employed as a counter electrode