Laser synthesis of nanoparticles in organic solvents – products, reactions, and perspectives

• Theo Fromme,
• Sven Reichenberger,
• Katharine M. Tibbetts and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 638–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.54

• conditions during LSPC in organic liquids are quite different. The solvent molecules themselves as well as the created hydrocarbons can adsorb on the nanoparticle surface and act as ligands. If a carbon shell is formed, it can be amorphous or onion-like graphitic. In addition, composites such as carbides

• /cavitation bubble phase in which the carbon-based solvent is decomposed, followed by an accumulation of the decomposition products on the metal surface and a final carbonization step to form carbon shells on the nanoparticle surface [101][148]. The latter were reported to undergo graphitization to onion-like

Fragmentation of metal(II) bis(acetylacetonate) complexes induced by slow electrons

• Janina Kopyra and
• Hassan Abdoul-Carime

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 980–987, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.81

• . Metal bis(acetylacetonate) complexes are of interest for many thin film fabrication techniques (e.g., chemical vapor deposition [9], atomic layer epitaxy [10], or atomic layer etching [11]) and as precursors for carbon materials, such as carbon nanotubes and carbon onion particles [12], or metal oxide

Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles toward highly efficient photocatalysis and antibacterial application

• Vo Thi Thu Nhu,
• Nguyen Duy Dat,
• Le-Minh Tam and
• Nguyen Hoang Phuong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1108–1119, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.94

• diameter. Furthermore, the results are in line with those reported by other studies. Stan et al. [31] used plant extracts (garlic, onion, and parsley) to synthesize ZnO NPs and made ZnO NPs of 20–70 nm in size. Hassan et al. [32] synthesized ZnO using Coriandrum sativum leaf extract and zinc acetate

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

• Aisha Kanwal,
• Naheed Bibi,
• Sajjad Hyder,
• Arif Muhammad,
• Hao Ren,
• Jiangtao Liu and
• Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

• as the precursor, including onion, ginger, garlic, and mackerel [113]. The sulfur content of the CDs based on onion and garlic was higher than that of the CDs derived from ginger and fish. Surprisingly, the onion-based CDs had the best antibacterial efficacy against Pseudomonas fragi, as well as good

Warped graphitic layers generated by oxidation of fullerene extraction residue and its oxygen reduction catalytic activity

• Machiko Takigami,
• Rieko Kobayashi,
• Takafumi Ishii,
• Yasuo Imashiro and
• Jun-ichi Ozaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1391–1400, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.137

• ORR activity of the WGLs was examined using onion-like carbon (OLC) produced by the heat treatment of a nanodiamond [39]. The results showed the highest ORR activity for OLC heat-treated at 1400 °C among the prepared samples (HTT = 1000 °C to 1800 °C). The material formed OLCs composed of WGLs, but

• material. WGLs started to appear in ONB-0.5, and they occupied the entire TEM field in ONB-1. Further increases in the oxidation time to 3 h did not yield noticeable changes in the structure of the graphitic layers. The 5 h oxidation resulted in thick graphitic layers forming multilayer onion-like carbons

Magnetic characterization of cobalt nanowires and square nanorings fabricated by focused electron beam induced deposition

• Federico Venturi,
• Gian Carlo Gazzadi,
• Amir H. Tavabi,
• Alberto Rota,
• Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski and
• Stefano Frabboni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1040–1049, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.97

• almost square hysteresis loops, with coercivities of ca. 10 mT. The nanorings show two different magnetization states: for low values of the applied in-plane field (0.02 T) a horseshoe state is observed using L-TEM, while for higher values of the applied in-plane field (0.3 T) an onion state is observed

• those previously observed, and is characterized by two pairs of consecutive domains running along the sides of the square symmetrically with respect to the diagonal. Such a magnetization arrangement is referred to as an “onion” state [43]. By carrying out a quantitative analysis on Figure 3e, a contrast

• imperfection caused by the limitations of our scanning setup. This flaw is similar to the one previously mentioned, and can be regarded as a small magnetic nanopillar causing a local magnetization rearrangement along the side [44]. This, however, does not seem to perturb the overall magnetic onion state, which

Carbon nano-onions as fluorescent on/off modulated nanoprobes for diagnostics

• Stefania Lettieri,
• Marta d’Amora,
• Adalberto Camisasca,
• Alberto Diaspro and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1878–1888, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.188

• fluorescent CNOs is fast and reversible both in solution and in vitro, making this nanomaterial suitable as pH-dependent probes for diagnostic applications. Keywords: carbon nanomaterials; fluorescence; imaging; nanomedicine; nano-onion; Introduction Nanomaterial-based probes (nano-probes) that are able to

Effect of the fluorination technique on the surface-fluorination patterning of double-walled carbon nanotubes

• Lyubov G. Bulusheva,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva,
• Emmanuel Flahaut,
• Jérémy Rio,
• Christopher P. Ewels,
• Victor O. Koroteev,
• Gregory Van Lier,
• Denis V. Vyalikh and
• Alexander V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1688–1698, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.169

• DWCNTs with different fluorination patterns, which should in turn be distinct in electronic properties and reactivity. Similar results are expected for other closed-shell carbon structures such as single- and multi-walled CNTs, nanohorns and onion-like carbon. Experimental Materials DWCNTs were produced

Process-specific mechanisms of vertically oriented graphene growth in plasmas

• Subrata Ghosh,
• Shyamal R. Polaki,
• Niranjan Kumar,
• Sankarakumar Amirthapandian,
• Mohamed Kamruddin and
• Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1658–1670, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.166

• growth is initiated with a buffer layer consisting of amorphous carbon and carbon onion structures, nanographitic (NG) island formation, or through carbide formation. The factors responsible for the vertical growth are stress relaxation through NG islands, inherent electric field and thermophoretic force

Hierarchically structured nanoporous carbon tubes for high pressure carbon dioxide adsorption

• Julia Patzsch,
• Deepu J. Babu and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1135–1144, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.115

• areas (Figure 3c,d). These are typical for glassy carbon related materials as well as carbon structures containing fullerene- or carbon-onion-like fragments [41][42][43][44]. Figure 4 shows the Raman spectra of the carbon tubes (4) carbonized at different temperatures. The D-band at 1345 cm−1 is

• pore width distribution around 1 nm [46] in comparison to high temperature glassy carbons with mesopores in the range of 5 nm [41]. This difference of the two materials processed under different temperature conditions might be due an increase of graphitic onion-like substructures which form under the

• , the lowered D/G signal ratio indicates an increase in sp2 centers due to the growth of closed graphitic structures (onion-like or fullerene-type structures). SEM measurements have indicated that the tube morphology is still intact and unchanged after the CO2 adsorption cycling (not shown). Conclusion

Templated green synthesis of plasmonic silver nanoparticles in onion epidermal cells suitable for surface-enhanced Raman and hyper-Raman scattering

• Marta Espina Palanco,
• Klaus Bo Mogensen,
• Marina Gühlke,
• Zsuzsanna Heiner,
• Janina Kneipp and
• Katrin Kneipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 834–840, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.75

• environment supports the generation of silver nanostructures in two ways. The plant tissue delivers reducing chemicals for the initial formation of small silver clusters and their following conversion to plasmonic particles. Additionally, the natural morphological structures of the onion layers, in particular

• the extracellular matrix provides a biological template for the growth of plasmonic nanostructures. This is indicated by red glowing images of extracellular spaces in dark field microscopy of onion layers a few hours after AgNO3 exposure due to the formation of silver nanoparticles. Silver

• nanostructures generated in the extracellular space of onion layers and within the epidermal cell walls can serve as enhancing plasmonic structures for one- and two-photon-excited spectroscopy such as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and surface enhanced hyper-Raman scattering (SEHRS). Our studies

Facile synthesis of water-soluble carbon nano-onions under alkaline conditions

• Gaber Hashem Gaber Ahmed,
• Rosana Badía Laíño,
• Josefa Angela García Calzón and
• Marta Elena Díaz García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 758–766, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.67

• morphology, as can be observed in Figure 2a,b for carrots and tree leaves, respectively. C-dots with no well-defined structure were obtained, in which a crystal order could be observed. In the case of tomatoes as carbon source, C-NPs clearly show an onion-like structure (Figure 3a) for which the interlayer

Carbon nano-onions (multi-layer fullerenes): chemistry and applications

• Juergen Bartelmess and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1980–1998, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.207

• , Daniel Ugarte refers to CNOs as onion-like graphitic particles, which display a wide range of structures, explicitly including polyhedral to nearly spherical morphologies in his definition of CNOs [19]. It is worth to mention, that in some reports the authors utilize the term onion-like carbons (OLCs

• permission from [60]. Copyright 2013 Elsevier. Note: The authors of the original report refer to CNOs as onion-like carbon (OLC) (a) Schematic diagram of the synthesis procedure of the core–leaf OLC–MnO2 hybrid nano-urchins. Scanning electron micrographs of (b) pure OLC, (c) intermediate product, and (d

Synthesis, characterization, and growth simulations of Cu–Pt bimetallic nanoclusters

• Subarna Khanal,
• Ana Spitale,
• Nabraj Bhattarai,
• Daniel Bahena,
• J. Jesus Velazquez-Salazar,
• Sergio Mejía-Rosales,
• Marcelo M. Mariscal and
• Miguel José-Yacaman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1371–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.150

• are good catalysts for the ORR. Yun and co-workers [34] developed a unified embedded atom model to investigate the most energetically favorable atomic arrangements of Pd–Pt, Cu–Pt, Au–Pt and Ag–Pt nanoalloys using Monte Carlo simulations, obtaining intermetallic compounds for the Pd–Pt system, onion

Synthesis of boron nitride nanotubes from unprocessed colemanite

• Saban Kalay,
• Zehra Yilmaz and
• Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 843–851, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.95

• the BNNT synthesis consists of the clustered structures composed of boron nitride (BN) and iron atoms. The initial BN-Fe complex shown with arrows in Figure 3a has onion-shaped round structures at the bottom. The base growth BNNT formation mechanism proposes that the BNNTs are formed on the surface of

Effect of spherical Au nanoparticles on nanofriction and wear reduction in dry and liquid environments

• Dave Maharaj and
• Bharat Bhushan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 759–772, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.85

• ], spherical MoS2 (15–60 nm) in poly-alpha-olefin (PAO) and 150 SN [18], spherical WS2 nanoparticles (50–350 nm) in SN 150 and SN 190 [19], spheroidal carbon-nano-onion nanoparticles (<10 nm) in PAO [20], WS2 nanoparticles (120 nm) in paraffin oil [21], MoS2 spheres (0.5–3 µm) in 500 SN oil [22] and carbon

Structural and magnetic properties of ternary Fe_1–xMn_xPt nanoalloys from first principles

• Markus E. Gruner and
• Peter Entel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 162–172, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.20

• below. In the case of magic number Fe–Pt clusters with up to seven close geometric shells, the most favorable morphology found so far has been identified as an icosahedron with onion-ring-like alternating Fe and Pt shells and Pt covered (111) facets. The arrangement of the atomic species within the

• cluster can also be understood as an individual L11 ordering of the twins. The bulk L11 order is characterized by an alternation of close packed 3d and 5d layers along the space diagonal (in contrast to the layering along the c axis in L10). This is found in bulk only for CuPt [57]. The onion-ring

• greater in CoPt, the second candidate discussed in the introduction. Here, segregated core–shell structures are the dominating lowest energy morphologies for N = 561 being up to 120 meV/atom lower than the L10 ordered isomers. Also the aforementioned onion-ring structure turns out to be much more