Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

• disulfide (FeS2)) nanoparticles (NPs) of different morphologies using pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) in different organic solvents. The impact of the solvent on the morphological, compositional, and optical properties of the synthesized NPs is investigated by techniques such as transmission electron

• nanocolloid in this work. The optical properties of nanocolloids and their thin films were evaluated using UV–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy. The nanoparticle characterization and surface morphology were studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the

• experimental variables that cause the kinetics of the nanoparticles formation to change, resulting in nanoparticles with different sizes and morphologies [40]. Thermodynamic properties such as density, dielectric constant, viscosity, vapor pressure, and optical properties of the solvents are some of the

Efficiency of single-pulse laser fragmentation of organic nutraceutical dispersions in a circular jet flow-through reactor

• Tina Friedenauer,
• Maximilian Spellauge,
• Alexander Sommereyns,
• Verena Labenski,
• Tuba Esatbeyoglu,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Heinz P. Huber and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 711–727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.55

• colloids, for example, to increase their defect density in favor of electrocatalytic or optical properties without changing their size [6][7][8]. In addition, the acronym PUDEL has recently been used for pulsed laser diffusion enhancement in liquids, which refers to an increase in diffusion without

Nanostructured materials characterized by scanning photoelectron spectromicroscopy

• Matteo Amati,
• Alexey S. Shkvarin,
• Alexander I. Merentsov,
• Alexander N. Titov,
• María Taeño,
• David Maestre,
• Sarah R. McKibbin,
• Zygmunt Milosz,
• Ana Cremades,
• Rainer Timm and
• Luca Gregoratti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 700–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.54

• imaging modes. Figure 3 shows Ni 3p, O 1s, and valence band XPS spectra from samples annealed at diverse temperatures, which exhibit variable morphological, crystallographic, and optical properties. Regarding the Ni 3p signal, less-explored so far, four main bands were observed after signal deconvolution

A formulation containing Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oil: improvement of biochemical parameters and oxidative stress in diabetic rats

• Ailton Santos Sena-Júnior,
• Cleverton Nascimento Santana Andrade,
• Pedro Henrique Macedo Moura,
• Jocsã Hémany Cândido dos Santos,
• Cauãn Torres Trancoso,
• Eloia Emanuelly Dias Silva,
• Deise Maria Rego Rodrigues Silva,
• Ênio Pereira Telles,
• Luiz André Santos Silva,
• Isabella Lima Dantas Teles,
• Sara Fernanda Mota de Almeida,
• Daniel Alves de Souza,
• Jileno Ferreira Santos,
• Felipe José Aidar Martins,
• Ana Mara de Oliveira e Silva,
• Sandra Lauton-Santos,
• Guilherme Rodolfo Souza de Araujo,
• Cristiane Bani Correa,
• Rogéria De Souza Nunes,
• Lysandro Pinto Borges and
• Ana Amélia Moreira Lira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 617–636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.48

• characterizing nanostructured systems such as MEs, including droplet size, optical properties, and rheological profile. M7-EOCF therefore underwent tests to investigate these parameters. First, the M7-EOCF sample was analyzed by dynamic light scattering, which showed that the system had an average hydrodynamic

• of this system. The literature reports that a PDI below 0.5 also indicates greater physical stability of the obtained formulation [20][21]. The M7-EOCF sample was also examined using polarized light microscopy to investigate its optical properties. Isotropic behavior was observed (Supporting

• Information File 1, Figure S1) through the visualization of a dark field. In general, microemulsions do not deflect the plane of polarized light since their optical properties are constant in all directions [18]. Rheology is the science that studies the flow characteristics and deformation of matter when

Polyurethane/silk fibroin-based electrospun membranes for wound healing and skin substitute applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Ahsan Nazir and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 591–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.46

• to create and analyze SF films with various nanostructures that exhibit tunable optical properties depending on the structure. When combined with silicon photodiodes, the power conversion efficiency increased by 6.96% with flat SF films and 14.9% with nanopatterned SF films. This demonstrates the

N₂⁺-implantation-induced tailoring of structural, morphological, optical, and electrical characteristics of sputtered molybdenum thin films

• Usha Rani,
• Kafi Devi,
• Divya Gupta and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 495–509, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.38

• resistivity of Mo thin films makes them desirable for integrated circuits, where they contribute to the efficient flow of electrical current [3]. Furthermore, their optical properties make them well suited for a use as a protective coating in energy storage and electronic devices [4][5]. Mo films deposited on

• + implantation and thickness of films significantly influence the surface morphology of Mo thin films. Optical properties Spectroscopic ellipsometry Figure 6 depicts the fit of the spectroscopic ellipsometry data in which the parameters of the Drude–Lorentz oscillator model were adjusted. In ellipsometry, the

• curves derived from the fit process validate the results and offer a theoretical framework for understanding the optical properties of molybdenum thin films. Absorbance spectra The absorption spectra of Mo thin films in Figure 7 show the effects of nitrogen ion implantation and film thickness on the

Performance optimization of a microwave-coupled plasma-based ultralow-energy ECR ion source for silicon nanostructuring

• Joy Mukherjee,
• Safiul Alam Mollick,
• Tanmoy Basu and
• Tapobrata Som

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 484–494, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.37

• pre- and post-bombardment changes in optical properties, resulting from nanopatterned surfaces, are investigated using UV–vis reflectivity measurements and correlated with the dimensions of the nanopatterns. This manuscript highlights the potential applications arising from these findings, emphasizing

Effect of additives on the synthesis efficiency of nanoparticles by laser-induced reduction

• Rikuto Kuroda,
• Takahiro Nakamura,
• Hideki Ina and
• Shuhei Shibata

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 464–472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.35

• applications. Keywords: laser-induced reduction; laser synthesis and processing of colloidal nanoparticles; production efficiency; Introduction Metal nanoparticles exhibit unique chemical, physical and optical properties that are not found in their bulk materials, and are used in a variety of fields

• solutions with concentrations of 5.0 × 10−3 and 1.0 × 10−2 mol/dm3 (Figure 5b, yellow and green) were almost the same as that of the solution with a concentration of 5.0 × 10−4 mol/dm3 (Figure 5b, blue). This indicates that gold nanoparticles with similar optical properties were formed in both cases

Quantification of lead through rod-shaped silver-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles using an electrochemical approach

• Ravinder Lamba,
• Gaurav Bhanjana,
• Neeraj Dilbaghi,
• Vivek Gupta and
• Sandeep Kumar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 422–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.33

• activity, and semiconductor properties. By doping ZnO nanoparticles with transition metals, we can alter their electrical, optical, and magnetic properties by introducing new electronic states into the band structure. Herein, Ag is added to ZnO nanostructures to improve their optical properties to detect

• they were fabricated using a low-temperature co-precipitation method. The resulting Ag@ZnO NRs had good optical properties, nanorod morphologies, and high crystallinity with no impurities. Technological advancements are leading people to use lightweight electronics and affordable sensors

• synthesized nanorods possess a crystalline structure, specifically a wurtzite hexagonal phase structure (space group: 186: P63mc) and exhibit advantageous optical properties. The integration of Ag into ZnO nanostructures enhances their optical characteristics and improves their ability to detect heavy metal

Engineered PEG–PCL nanoparticles enable sensitive and selective detection of sodium dodecyl sulfate: a qualitative and quantitative analysis

• Soni Prajapati and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 385–396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.29

• reagent). This interaction disrupts the local environment around the dye molecules, changing the optical properties of the PEG–PCL NPs–Bradford reagent complex. The ionic interactions cause the G-250 dye (from the Bradford reagent), which originally exhibits a brownish color, to change into a blue color

Tailoring of physical properties of RF-sputtered ZnTe films: role of substrate temperature

• Kafi Devi,
• Usha Rani,
• Arun Kumar,
• Divya Gupta and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 333–348, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.25

• ) compounds have numerous applications in optoelectronic devices such as light-emitting diodes [1], display devices [2], infrared detectors [3], and terahertz emitters [4]. Owing to their suitable physical properties (deposition at low temperatures and good thermal stability) and unique optical properties due

• ] carried out studies on the structure and temperature-dependent optical properties of magnetron-sputtered ZnTe films. Bacaksiz et al. [15] reported the effect of substrate temperature (−123 and 27 °C) on structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties of ZnTe films deposited by evaporation

• , Kurukshetra University. The grazing incidence angle was fixed at 0.5°. The diffraction pattern was recorded in the 2θ range of 20°–70° with a step increment of 0.07°. The optical properties of ZnTe/Qz films were analysed from transmittance spectra obtained using a Shimadzu UV–vis–NIR spectrophotometer (UV

Graphene oxide–chloroquine conjugate induces DNA damage in A549 lung cancer cells through autophagy modulation

• Braham Dutt Arya,
• Sandeep Mittal,
• Prachi Joshi,
• Alok Kumar Pandey,
• Jaime E. Ramirez-Vick,
• Govind Gupta and
• Surinder P. Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 316–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.24

• -via reflex spectrometer, Tokyo, Japan) with a 514 nm Nd:Yag laser as the excitation source. The optical properties were measured employing a UV–vis spectrophotometer (Cary 5000 UV-VIS-NIR, Agilent, CA, USA) in the 200–800 nm range. The morphology of GO nanosheets was analyzed employing a high

• formation of GO–Chl nanoconjugates was confirmed by investigating the optical, functional, structural, and morphological properties employing standard analytical characterization techniques. The optical properties of GO and GO–Chl were assessed using UV–vis spectroscopy (Supporting Information File 1

TiO₂ immobilized on 2D mordenite: effect of hydrolysis conditions on structural, textural, and optical characteristics of the nanocomposites

• Marina G. Shelyapina,
• Rosario Isidro Yocupicio-Gaxiola,
• Gleb A. Valkovsky and
• Vitalii Petranovskii

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 128–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.12

• , texture, and optical properties of TiO2/2D mordenite nanocomposites. Results and Discussion TiO2/2D mordenite compounds were synthetized from the parent layered MOR-L by introduction of TEOT, its further hydrolysis, and calcination. Further details are given in the Experimental section. The calcined (C

• should also be noted that TiO2/zeolite composites that were obtained by either incorporating the presynthesized zeolite in the synthesis medium of TiO2 or incorporating presynthesized TiO2 in the synthesis medium of ZSM-5 [27] exhibit optical properties very similar to those found in our work. Conclusion

Theoretical study of the electronic and optical properties of a composite formed by the zeolite NaA and a magnetite cluster

• Joel Antúnez-García,
• Roberto Núñez-González,
• Vitalii Petranovskii,
• H’Linh Hmok,
• Armando Reyes-Serrato,
• Fabian N. Murrieta-Rico,
• Mufei Xiao and
• Jonathan Zamora

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 44–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.5

• Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C., Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Col. Lomas 4, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P. 78216, México 10.3762/bjnano.16.5 Abstract The electronic and optical properties of a composite created by introducing a magnetite cluster into NaA zeolite have been investigated in this work

• using DFT calculations. The results obtained indicate that the electronic and optical properties of the composite are enhanced because of the cluster. However, the properties exhibited by the cluster outside the zeolite differ from those it presents when it is part of the composite. It is noteworthy

• that the composite exhibits magnetic properties of a half-semiconductor and a strong optical response within the visible and ultraviolet regions of the spectrum. Keywords: magnetic cluster; NaA zeolite; optical properties; Introduction Zeolites are crystalline materials made up of aluminosilicates

Orientation-dependent photonic bandgaps in gold-dust weevil scales and their titania bioreplicates

• Norma Salvadores Farran,
• Limin Wang,
• Primoz Pirih and
• Bodo D. Wilts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1–10, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.1

• complex biological structures and obtaining photonic crystals with desired optical properties [23][24]. In this work, we characterized natural photonic crystals found in the scales of the gold-dust weevil, Hypomeces squamosus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae; Herbst 1795), a pest of several crops [25][26][27

• or multiple crystallites with varying lattice orientations under a structured enveloping cortex. Each crystallite contributes to the overall optical properties of the scale (Figure 3). The crystallites can feature different orientations, which has strong consequences for interference and, thus, the

• with length scales found in nature. The observed redshift in the replicas indicates the possibility of tuning optical properties by varying the replication material. Optimizing the existing sol–gel procedures using, for example, (i) a double inversion process, (ii) other materials that would produce a

Fabrication of hafnium-based nanoparticles and nanostructures using picosecond laser ablation

• Abhishek Das,
• Mangababu Akkanaboina,
• Jagannath Rathod,
• R. Sai Prasad Goud,
• Kanaka Ravi Kumar,
• Raghu C. Reddy,
• Ratheesh Ravendran,
• Katia Vutova,
• S. V. S. Nageswara Rao and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1639–1653, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.129

• optical properties [1][2][3][4]. Hf and its alloys are used in nuclear reactors because of their large neutron absorption cross sections and high melting points [5]. They are also used in submarines because of their corrosion resistance [6][7]. The high refractoriness of some Hf compounds [2][4] allows

• determines the electrical and optical properties, which can vary depending on the synthesis technique [19]. Among the methods mentioned above, laser ablation in liquids (LAL) is a clean and single-step synthesis method used for obtaining nanomaterials from a bulk source [11][16][17][18][20]. It produces NPs

• may affect the optical properties of the NPs. Figure 9a–c shows the PL emission spectra of the NPs laser-ablated in DW, toluene, and anisole, respectively. Emission peaks were observed for each of the NPs (Figure 9). The presence of emission peaks indicates the presence of defects in the NPs [57]. The

Ultrablack color in velvet ant cuticle

• Vinicius Marques Lopez,
• Wencke Krings,
• Juliana Reis Machado,
• Stanislav Gorb and
• Rhainer Guillermo-Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1554–1565, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.122

• spectroscopy, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the cuticle to elucidate its unique optical properties. SEM imaging provided a detailed surface morphology, while TEM provided insights into the internal structure. CLSM showed that the cuticle exhibits no autofluorescence. Our findings reveal a highly

Lithium niobate on insulator: an emerging nanophotonic crystal for optimized light control

• Midhun Murali,
• Amit Banerjee and
• Tanmoy Basu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1415–1426, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.114

• electromagnetic simulation. The forbidden-frequency region indifferent from the bulk material has been observed around 1.55 µm. A high refractive index and non-linear optical and electro-optical properties enable LN to be used for more efficient manipulation of light. The highly reflective quarternary stack can

• modulation capabilities of lithium niobate coupled with transparency and high refractive index of titanium dioxide, offer a versatile platform for designing devices with controlled polarization, tunable modulation, and well-defined photonic bandgaps [9][13][24]. The complementary nonlinear optical properties

• functionalities. However, it introduces challenges in fabrication complexity, interface effects, and material compatibility [26][27]. Lithium niobate film on insulator (LNOI) is a promising photonic platform due to its large transparency window, strong second-order nonlinear optical properties, and ultralow-loss

Nanotechnological approaches for efficient N2B delivery: from small-molecule drugs to biopharmaceuticals

• Selin Akpinar Adscheid,
• Akif E. Türeli,
• Nazende Günday-Türeli and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1400–1414, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.113

• therapeutic applications. For example, polymeric NPs exhibit easily tunable surface properties [117], lipid NPs offer high bioavailability and -compatibility [118], and inorganic NPs provide unique magnetic or optical properties [119]. Moreover, DDSs can be conjugated with ligands and coated with mucoadhesive

Mn-doped ZnO nanopowders prepared by sol–gel and microwave-assisted sol–gel methods and their photocatalytic properties

• Cristina Maria Vlăduț,
• Crina Anastasescu,
• Silviu Preda,
• Oana Catalina Mocioiu,
• Simona Petrescu,
• Jeanina Pandele-Cusu,
• Dana Culita,
• Veronica Bratan,
• Ioan Balint and
• Maria Zaharescu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1283–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.104

• continuously evaluating the as-synthesized materials. The present paper presents a comparative study of Mn-doped ZnO nanopowders prepared by both sol–gel and microwave-assisted sol–gel methods. The structural, morphological, and optical properties of the as-obtained powders were established and correlated with

AI-assisted models to predict chemotherapy drugs modified with C₆₀ fullerene derivatives

• Jonathan-Siu-Loong Robles-Hernández,
• Dora Iliana Medina,
• Katerin Aguirre-Hurtado,
• Marlene Bosquez,
• Roberto Salcedo and
• Alan Miralrio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1170–1188, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.95

• in pharmacy and medicine is carbon-based nanomaterials because of their physicochemical, mechanical, electrical, thermal, and optical properties [19][20], as well as their capacity to modify existing drugs. Fullerene derivatives have been proposed recently, particularly those obtained from fullerene

Quantum-to-classical modeling of monolayer Ge₂Se₂ and its application in photovoltaic devices

• Anup Shrivastava,
• Shivani Saini,
• Dolly Kumari,
• Sanjai Singh and
• Jost Adam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1153–1169, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.94

• astonishing device performance. We use ab initio modeling for the material prediction, while classical drift–diffusion drives the device simulations. Hybrid functionals calculate electronic and optical properties to maintain high accuracy. The structural stability has been verified using phonon spectra. The E

• theory; hole transport layer; optical properties; solar cells; Introduction Reducing fossil fuels and their harmful environmental impact requires improvements in green, sustainable energy sources. Among the various sources of green energy generation, solar energy has been identified as the most

• 3.873 eV, respectively, which are comparable with previously reported values of 3.39 eV and 3.9 eV [46][47]. A high degree of agreement for all estimated electronic parameters with earlier reported values validates the accuracy of our computation. Optical properties As discussed in the previous section

Photocatalytic methane oxidation over a TiO₂/SiNWs p–n junction catalyst at room temperature

• Qui Thanh Hoai Ta,
• Luan Minh Nguyen,
• Ngoc Hoi Nguyen,
• Phan Khanh Thinh Nguyen and
• Dai Hai Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1132–1141, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.92

• forces generated charge carriers to move in opposite directions and suppresses charge recombination. Besides, surface morphology and optical properties of the the p–n TiO2/SiNWs catalyst are also beneficial for the photocatalytic activity. It is expected that the results of this study will provide

• well prepared with an average length of 4 µm. Moreover, the surface of the SiNWs was fully decorated by the TiO2 passivation layer and became blurry. The active pure 25 nm TiO2 layer exhibits flake-like morphology as displayed in Figure 2c,d. Optical properties Nanowire arrays offer a better optical

Effect of wavelength and liquid on formation of Ag, Au, Ag/Au nanoparticles via picosecond laser ablation and SERS-based detection of DMMP

• Sree Satya Bharati Moram,
• Chandu Byram and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1054–1069, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.86

• , and aggregation variations, ultimately impacting their optical properties [53]. Also, from absorbance studies, it is observed that the ablation rate is higher for the Au target than for Ag because of the hardness variation observed in an earlier report by Solati et al. [54]. In another study by Bae et

Intermixing of MoS₂ and WS₂ photocatalysts toward methylene blue photodegradation

• Maryam Al Qaydi,
• Nitul S. Rajput,
• Michael Lejeune,
• Abdellatif Bouchalkha,
• Mimoun El Marssi,
• Steevy Cordette,
• Chaouki Kasmi and
• Mustapha Jouiad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 817–829, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.68

• ) equipped with a monochromatic and microfocused Al Kα X-ray source (1486.6 eV). During the experiment, an E-neutralizer (1 V) was implemented. The XPS spectra were calibrated using the C 1s peak position at 284.6 eV as a reference. The CasaXPS software was subsequently used for data processing. The optical

• properties and photodegradation experiments were conducted on a UV–vis–near IR spectrometer (JASCO V-670) and using solar simulator excitation for the PD monitoring using 10 mL of MB dye solution with a concentration of 5 mg/L (10−5 M) and 1 mg of exfoliated photocatalyst. The intensity of the optical