Simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid and hypoxanthine at a TiO₂/graphene quantum dot-modified electrode

• Vu Ngoc Hoang,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Le Vu Truong Son,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Vo Thang Nguyen,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Ly Hoang Diem,
• Kieu Chan Ly,
• Ho Sy Thang and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 719–732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.60

• composite (TiO2/GQDs) obtained by in situ synthesis of GQDs, derived from coffee grounds, and peroxo titanium complexes was used as electrode modifier in the simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid and hypoxanthine. The TiO2/GQDs material was characterized by photoluminescence, X-ray

• urine samples with acceptable recovery rates. Keywords: graphene quantum dots; hypoxanthine; peroxo titanium complexes; uric acid; Introduction Uric acid (7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione, URI) is the primary final product of the purine metabolism in humans. High concentrations of URI in serum

• electrodes used in electrochemical analysis. To the best of our knowledge, there are only few reports on TiO2/GQDs for electrochemical analysis. In the present work, TiO2/GQDs were prepared from coffee grounds and peroxo titanium complexes by a hydrothermal process. The simultaneous determination of URI and