Changes of structural, magnetic and spectroscopic properties of microencapsulated iron sucrose nanoparticles in saline

• Sabina Lewińska,
• Pavlo Aleshkevych,
• Roman Minikayev,
• Anna Bajorek,
• Mateusz Dulski,
• Krystian Prusik,
• Tomasz Wojciechowski and
• Anna Ślawska-Waniewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 762–784, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.59

• the FS0 and FST spectra become evident in two key regions: 3000–2800 cm−1 and 1750–1400 cm−1 (see Figure 10). In the former, the bands related to methyl and methylene groups overlap with the more intense polysaccharide features in the FTIR spectrum of FS0. On the other hand, the infrared spectrum of

• possible explanation for the observed changes in both regions could be a structural reorganization or a conformational effect of the polysaccharide molecules, possibly driven by the structural ordering of the vitamin, as suggested by FTIR spectra, or the formation of alginate–cellulose microcapsules [66

• + ions and magnetite with mixed Fe2+ and Fe3+ valency creates a polysaccharide-stabilized colloid with polysaccharide chains, preventing the aggregation of colloidal species and keeping the nanoparticles within the hydrogel matrix [80][81][82][83][84][85][86]. Raman studies provided information

Synthesis of a multicomponent cellulose-based adsorbent for tetracycline removal from aquaculture water

• Uyen Bao Tran,
• Ngoc Thanh Vo-Tran,
• Khai The Truong,
• Dat Anh Nguyen,
• Quang Nhat Tran,
• Huu-Quang Nguyen,
• Jaebeom Lee and
• Hai Son Truong-Lam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 728–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.56

• . For instance, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), an anionic derivative of cellulose, is a linear polysaccharide consisting of anhydroglucose units linked by β-1,4-glycosidic bonds. The key distinction between CMC and cellulose is that some hydroxy groups in cellulose are replaced by carboxymethyl

Development of a mucoadhesive drug delivery system and its interaction with gastric cells

• Ahmet Baki Sahin,
• Serdar Karakurt and
• Deniz Sezlev Bilecen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 371–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.28

• , hydrogen bonding, disulfide bond formation, or physical entanglement of polymers within the mesh-like mucus structure [9][10]. Sodium alginate is a linear polysaccharide composed of 1,4-linked β-ᴅ-mannuronic acid and α-ʟ-guluronic acid residues. Alginate can be used to form porous matrix-type drug delivery

• alginate was blended with a plant-based polysaccharide [12] or used together with carboxymethylcellulose [25] to improve the mucoadhesion of the designs. To our knowledge, there are not many studies that use the properties of alginate and Eudragit RS100 polymer in a mucoadhesive gastroretentive delivery

Nanocarriers and macrophage interaction: from a potential hurdle to an alternative therapeutic strategy

• Naths Grazia Sukubo,
• Paolo Bigini and
• Annalisa Morelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 97–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.10

Natural nanofibers embedded in the seed mucilage envelope: composite hydrogels with specific adhesive and frictional properties

• Agnieszka Kreitschitz and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1603–1618, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.126

• mucilaginous seeds of Ocimum basilicum and Salvia hispanica to study the 3D organisation of mucilage (called there molecular gel). The lyophilisation allowed for carefully removing the water from the mucilage while preserving the polysaccharide fibrils in the extended state. SEM imagining of S. hispanica

• friction coefficient of dry seeds was ten times larger (0.02) than that of hydrated seeds with mucilage (0.002). The ultralow friction coefficient of basil mucilage was explained by the specific mucilage composition, that is, the presence of abundant OH groups in the polysaccharide molecules, a 3D network

• ultralow friction. Zhang et al. [94] assumed that with an increasing shear rate the viscosity decreases, and the polysaccharide organisation in the mucilage becomes more ordered. This presumably causes easy sliding of Ocimum basilicum mucilage. It can be summarised that different factors influence the

Enhanced catalytic reduction through in situ synthesized gold nanoparticles embedded in glucosamine/alginate nanocomposites

• Chi-Hien Dang,
• Le-Kim-Thuy Nguyen,
• Minh-Trong Tran,
• Van-Dung Le,
• Nguyen Minh Ty,
• T. Ngoc Han Pham,
• Hieu Vu-Quang,
• Tran Thi Kim Chi,
• Tran Thi Huong Giang,
• Nguyen Thi Thanh Tu and
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1227–1237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.99

• particular, have demonstrated significant control over the nucleation and growth of metallic nanoparticles. Utilizing polysaccharide-mediated procedures for AuNP synthesis offers several advantages over conventional methods, including cost-effectiveness, energy efficiency, low toxicity, and eco-friendliness

• absorbance declines again at higher temperatures (80 and 90 °C). This decrease in AuNP concentration in the colloidal solution is attributed to nanoparticle aggregation. Elevated temperatures can cause the detachment of the polysaccharide chains from the surface of the AuNPs, promoting the collision and

• reduction of 4-NiP (2.05 × 10−3 s−1, R2 = 0.995). This variance may stem from the hindrance caused by the interaction between the hydroxy group in 4-NiP and functional groups in the polysaccharide chains, impeding the adsorption/desorption dynamics on the surface of the AuNPs. The rate constant for MO

Nanotechnological approaches in the treatment of schistosomiasis: an overview

• Lucas Carvalho,
• Michelle Sarcinelli and
• Beatriz Patrício

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 13–25, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.2

• activity of the sulfated polysaccharide α-ᴅ-glucan, a polysaccharide naturally found in extracts of lichen from Ramalina celastri. This work shows that liposomes with this carbohydrate could eliminate adult worms from infected mice 56 days post-infection when it was administered by the intraperitoneal

• route. The results also show that the nanoformulation reduced the number of eggs in feces of infected mice and hepatic granuloma in the liver. However, no difference between the nanoformulation and the controls was observed (sulfated polysaccharide α-ᴅ-glucan administered alone and empty liposomes

• ). Furthermore, mice treated with sulfated polysaccharide α-ᴅ-glucan presented granulomas with histochemical markers, which could mean that this molecule stimulates the immunological system causing changes in membrane carbohydrates. Moreover, it raises the hypothesis that this change in the membrane molecule

Silver nanoparticles loaded on lactose/alginate: in situ synthesis, catalytic degradation, and pH-dependent antibacterial activity

• Nguyen Thi Thanh Tu,
• T. Lan-Anh Vo,
• T. Thu-Trang Ho,
• Kim-Phuong T. Dang,
• Van-Dung Le,
• Phan Nhat Minh,
• Chi-Hien Dang,
• Vinh-Thien Tran,
• Van-Su Dang,
• Tran Thi Kim Chi,
• Hieu Vu-Quang,
• Radek Fajgar,
• Thi-Lan-Huong Nguyen,
• Van-Dat Doan and
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 781–792, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.64

• have shown significant improvement in stabilization because of the hydroxy groups in the sugar molecules of the polysaccharide chain, which can form strong associations with AgNPs [13][14][15]. Previous studies have reported that metallic nanoparticles can be easily incorporated into polysaccharides by

• . This accounts for the low activity of the nanocomposite in highly basic media. Conclusion A lactose/alginate nanocomposite was successfully employed for the in situ synthesis of AgNPs. This study presents a novel polysaccharide-based nanocomposite with a straightforward synthesis approach. The AgNPs

Quercetin- and caffeic acid-functionalized chitosan-capped colloidal silver nanoparticles: one-pot synthesis, characterization, and anticancer and antibacterial activities

• Akif Hakan Kurt,
• Elif Berna Olutas,
• Fatma Avcioglu,
• Hamza Karakuş,
• Mehmet Ali Sungur,
• Cansu Kara Oztabag and
• Muhammet Yıldırım

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 362–376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.31

• treatment, nanoparticles have an important place to overcome the physiological limitations and to improve therapeutic efficiency [8][9]. Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide biopolymer of different molecular weights bearing amino and hydroxy functional groups [10]. It is the main component of shellfish such

Single-step extraction of small-diameter single-walled carbon nanotubes in the presence of riboflavin

• Polina M. Kalachikova,
• Anastasia E. Goldt,
• Eldar M. Khabushev,
• Timofei V. Eremin,
• Timofei S. Zatsepin,
• Elena D. Obraztsova,
• Konstantin V. Larionov,
• Liubov Yu. Antipina,
• Pavel B. Sorokin and
• Albert G. Nasibulin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1564–1571, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.130

• broad diameter distribution. The single-step extraction procedure is based on the gel filtration of SWCNTs dispersions, where manifold interactions between SWCNTs, surfactant molecules, and the polysaccharide gel govern the separation of nanotubes [22]. The classical route of gel filtration utilizes SDS

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

• Aisha Kanwal,
• Naheed Bibi,
• Sajjad Hyder,
• Arif Muhammad,
• Hao Ren,
• Jiangtao Liu and
• Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

• polysaccharide, that is, raw cashew gum. Through the autohydrolysis of cashew gum, some monomer units are produced in the first phase (partial depolymerization in solution), and a trace amount of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural can be produced. The formation of a polyfuranic structure through polycondensation and

• polymerization is followed by aromatization, carbonization, and nuclear fusion in the second phase. As a result, a composite of partially depolymerized cashew gum and CDs was produced [129]. Wu and co-workers used Schisandra chinensis polysaccharide as carbon source that also has a naturally nitrogen-containing

Micro- and nanotechnology in biomedical engineering for cartilage tissue regeneration in osteoarthritis

• Zahra Nabizadeh,
• Mahmoud Nasrollahzadeh,
• Hamed Daemi,
• Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad,
• Ali Akbar Shabani,
• Mehdi Dadashpour,
• Majid Mirmohammadkhani and
• Davood Nasrabadi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 363–389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.31

• slow and plays a critical role in cartilage functionality and homeostasis. Therefore, any degradation would result in the damage and failure of cartilage to withstand mechanical loads. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is an unbranched polysaccharide with a high molecular weight, which plays a major role in

• . Heparin is a highly attractive natural polysaccharide for incorporation in scaffolds and NPs. Its highly negative charges enable heparin to form an electrostatic interaction with growth factors. Therefore, heparin can be employed as an essential component of NPs to develop a controlled release platform

Polarity in cuticular ridge development and insect attachment on leaf surfaces of Schismatoglottis calyptrata (Araceae)

• Venkata A. Surapaneni,
• Tobias Aust,
• Thomas Speck and
• Marc Thielen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1326–1338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.98

• ][41][42]. Moreover, the amount of polysaccharide and cutin components present in the cuticle probably influences the stiffness and elastic behavior of the cuticle–cell wall interface [43] and certainly affects ridge formation. The thickened cuticle provides structural support to the growing epidermal

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

Preparation and in vivo evaluation of glyco-gold nanoparticles carrying synthetic mycobacterial hexaarabinofuranoside

• Gennady L. Burygin,
• Polina I. Abronina,
• Nikita M. Podvalnyy,
• Sergey A. Staroverov,
• Leonid O. Kononov and
• Lev A. Dykman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 480–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.39

• recently been reviewed. Glyco-gold nanoparticles (glyco-GNPs) bearing residues of tumor-associated monosaccharide Tn [37] or disaccharide Thomsen–Friedenreich (TF) [35] antigens, a tetrasaccharide of the Streptococcus pneumonia type-14 capsular polysaccharide [33][34][47], or lipopolysaccharides of

The different ways to chitosan/hyaluronic acid nanoparticles: templated vs direct complexation. Influence of particle preparation on morphology, cell uptake and silencing efficiency

• Arianna Gennari,
• Julio M. Rios de la Rosa,
• Erwin Hohn,
• Maria Pelliccia,
• Enrique Lallana,
• Roberto Donno,
• Annalisa Tirella and
• Nicola Tirelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2594–2608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.250

• point indicates a quantitative displacement of TPP by HA, the driving force of which is the higher avidity of the polysaccharide. For example, the individual phosphate groups of siRNA have most likely the same affinity for chitosan as those of TPP, but siRNA has surely a larger avidity due to its

Scavenging of reactive oxygen species by phenolic compound-modified maghemite nanoparticles

• Małgorzata Świętek,
• Yi-Chin Lu,
• Rafał Konefał,
• Liliana P. Ferreira,
• M. Margarida Cruz,
• Yunn-Hwa Ma and
• Daniel Horák

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1073–1088, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.108

• formed, the AA/H2O2 redox system is convenient for chitosan degradation [19][20]. Hydroxyl radicals attack the polysaccharide, forming macroradicals, which are then prone to covalently bind phenolic compounds. According to the ATR-FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy results, the structural similarity between CS

• phenolic compounds and allow for the attachment of the cationic polymer (chitosan). Heparin is a polysaccharide, containing glycosaminoglycan with densely repeated O-(α-L-iodopyranosyluric acid 2-sulfate)-(1→4)-2-sulfoamino-2-deoxy-D-glucose 6-sulfate sequences obtained from the mucosal tissue of animals

• augment particle internalization compared to heparin modification alone. Previous studies have suggested that electrostatic interactions, oxidation-dependent conjugation, and hydrogen bonds between the phenolic OH groups and polysaccharide moieties and/or amino acid residues of the cell membrane may

Topochemical engineering of composite hybrid fibers using layered double hydroxides and abietic acid

• Liji Sobhana,
• Lokesh Kesavan,
• Jan Gustafsson and
• Pedro Fardim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 589–605, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.60

• disintegrated individual fibers, leading to a homogenous distribution of LDH particles on the surface of the fibers. These LDH particles completely cover the underlying fiber (polysaccharide material), which usually tend to form strong hydrogen bonds with other fiber strands. This direct hydrogen bonding from

Size-selected Fe₃O₄–Au hybrid nanoparticles for improved magnetism-based theranostics

• Maria V. Efremova,
• Yulia A. Nalench,
• Eirini Myrovali,
• Anastasiia S. Garanina,
• Ivan S. Grebennikov,
• Polina K. Gifer,
• Maxim A. Abakumov,
• Marina Spasova,
• Makis Angelakeris,
• Alexander G. Savchenko,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia L. Klyachko,
• Alexander G. Majouga and
• Ulf Wiedwald

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2684–2699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.251

• shown in the corresponding agarose samples in Figure 6B. Agarose is a polysaccharide matrix, widely accepted as an excellent phantom system since, with respect to its concentration, it may mimic both soft and hard tissues. From the initial heating rates ΔT/Δt we determine the SLP for NPs of a certain

Nanocellulose: Recent advances and its prospects in environmental remediation

• Katrina Pui Yee Shak,
• Yean Ling Pang and
• Shee Keat Mah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2479–2498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.232

• not penetrate the cellulose chains to undergo efficient cellulose hydrolysis. Hemicellulose is a common component found in cellulose sources which hampers the separation of cellulose nanofibrils. Recently, Hu et al. [86] combined the use of endogluconase, lytic polysaccharide monoxygenase (LPMO), and

Bi-layer sandwich film for antibacterial catheters

• Gerhard Franz,
• Florian Schamberger,
• Hamideh Heidari Zare,
• Sara Felicitas Bröskamp and
• Dieter Jocham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1982–2001, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.199

• of bacteria can be fought relatively easily. Once the invasion is permitted and the small islands have grown to a highly structured biofilm with a protecting polysaccharide, the prospects for an effective attack are severely diminished [7]. Because catheterization was a giant step towards a better

Uptake and intracellular accumulation of diamond nanoparticles – a metabolic and cytotoxic study

• Antonín Brož,
• Lucie Bačáková,
• Pavla Štenclová,
• Alexander Kromka and
• Štěpán Potocký

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1649–1657, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.165

• within phospholipids, proteins, and their polysaccharide conjugates [43]. Thus, we can expect similar zeta potential values for SAOS-2 cells, which are comparable with HPHT NDs and annealed DNDs, (i.e., negatively charged nanoparticles). It is known that negatively charged nanoparticles are less

Development of polycationic amphiphilic cyclodextrin nanoparticles for anticancer drug delivery

• Gamze Varan,
• Juan M. Benito,
• Carmen Ortiz Mellet and
• Erem Bilensoy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1457–1468, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.145

• of the polymer/polysaccharide used to prepare the nanoparticles. Therefore, in order to determine the effect of surface charge on drug loading capacity of nanoparticles, PCX was chosen as a model anticancer drug frequently used in chemotherapy for patients with breast cancer. The encapsulation

• bioactive cationic polysaccharide derived from deacetylation of chitin and is well-characterized for its mucosal penetration enhancer property and apoptotic activity against cancer cells [42]. To alter the surface charge of nanomaterials, chitosan can be used as coating material in nanoparticles [43][44

Cationic PEGylated polycaprolactone nanoparticles carrying post-operation docetaxel for glioma treatment

• Cem Varan and
• Erem Bilensoy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1446–1456, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.144

• polymer with optimal results. CS, which is produced commercially by deacetylation of chitin, is a linear polysaccharide. It is a biocompatible and nontoxic natural polymer [33][34][35][36][37][38][39] which is known to act as a penetration enhancer, mucoadhesive [40], antitumor [41] and immune-adjuvant

“Sticky invasion” – the physical properties of Plantago lanceolata L. seed mucilage

• Agnieszka Kreitschitz,
• Alexander Kovalev and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1918–1927, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.183

• can stick to the feet of the animals, the fur or the bird plumage enabling further dispersal (epizoochory) [8]. P. lanceolata seed mucilage was identified as an acid polysaccharide complex containing, in addition to pectins, different sugars, e.g., pentose, galactose, xylose [10][11]. The mucilage