Heat-induced transformation of nickel-coated polycrystalline diamond film studied in situ by XPS and NEXAFS

• Olga V. Sedelnikova,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva,
• Dmitriy V. Gorodetskiy,
• Yuri N. Palyanov,
• Elena V. Shlyakhova,
• Eugene A. Maksimovskiy,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva and
• Aleksandr V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 887–898, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.67

• (Figure 1a). In the AEY spectra of both films, the smoother shape of the σ*(sp3) resonance and the shallower dip suggest to the presence of structural disorders on the surface of diamond films (Figure 1b). The amount of these disorders in Ni-PCD is higher than that in PCD. This result confirms previous

• a high degree of local crystallinity (i.e., high ordering of carbon atoms in the honeycomb network) and their C K-edge spectra contain a narrow and intense π*(sp2)-resonance [41][42]. However, the rather low intensity of the π*(sp2)-resonance in the spectrum of the annealed Ni-PCD film indicates

• that annealing of polycrystalline films on average leads to the formation of structurally highly disordered forms of sp2 carbon layers. The AEY spectra of the annealed PCD and Ni-PCD films exhibit an additional pronounced feature at about 284.0 eV, which can also be assigned to π*(sp2)-resonance and

Insights into the electronic and atomic structures of cerium oxide-based ultrathin films and nanostructures using high-brilliance light sources

• Paola Luches and
• Federico Boscherini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 860–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.65

• configurations at 110 and 125 eV, respectively [23][25][26][27][28]. Figure 1 reports valence band spectra from an ultrathin cerium oxide film before and after ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) annealing at 600 °C, acquired at the two resonant energies. Using a photon energy at the Ce4+-related resonance (110 eV), the

•  3a shows a sequence of μ-XPS valence band spectra acquired using a photon at the Ce3+-related Ce 4d→Ce 4f1 resonance (hν = 120.8 eV) on a Ce0.4Zr0.6O2−x film upon removal and reintroduction of oxygen (PO2 = 1 × 10−7 mbar) in the experimental chamber. When oxygen is removed (red spectrum in Figure 3b

• N4,5 XANES acquired using synchrotron radiation on the composite film and two reference spectra of Ce4+ and Ce3+ from literature [64]. Also, it evidences the photon energies used for the pump–probe FEL measurements. The transient XANES intensity after pumping the Ag plasmonic resonance, exhibits an

Synchrotron X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of sodium adsorption on vertically arranged MoS₂ layers coated with pyrolytic carbon

• Alexander V. Okotrub,
• Anastasiya D. Fedorenko,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Veronica S. Sulyaeva,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva and
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 847–859, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.64

• 291.8 eV (Figure 2b), which are attributed to the electron transitions from the C 1s core levels to the π* and σ* C=C states in the graphitic structure, respectively [42]. The rather sharp shape of the π* resonance indicates the graphitic-like structure of the PyC film. Weak features appearing between

• the π* and σ* resonances suggest that the PyC film is slightly functionalized with oxygen- and/or hydrogen-containing groups. The spectrum of the PyC-MoS2 film almost repeats the shape of the spectrum of the PyC film. A slight decrease in the intensity of the π* resonance and an increase in the

• intensity in the regions before and after the π* resonance at 284–285 eV and 286–289 eV can be associated with the interaction between PyC and MoS2 components [43]. The shift of the C K-edge spectrum of the PyC-MoS2 film toward lower photon energies corresponds to the electron density transfer from the

Changes of structural, magnetic and spectroscopic properties of microencapsulated iron sucrose nanoparticles in saline

• Sabina Lewińska,
• Pavlo Aleshkevych,
• Roman Minikayev,
• Anna Bajorek,
• Mateusz Dulski,
• Krystian Prusik,
• Tomasz Wojciechowski and
• Anna Ślawska-Waniewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 762–784, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.59

• the dissolution time. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies performed on the completely dissolved sample revealed that some of the Fe3+ ions became paramagnetic, while the rest remained exchange coupled into clusters. The nonintentional manganese contamination was determined using EPR in the

• transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Composition studies using XRD, magnetic properties using dc and ac magnetometry, and extensive spectral analysis using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) were also performed. Considering that the AB-Fortis

Thickness dependent oxidation in CrCl₃: a scanning X-ray photoemission and Kelvin probe microscopies study

• Shafaq Kazim,
• Rahul Parmar,
• Maryam Azizinia,
• Matteo Amati,
• Muhammad Rauf,
• Andrea Di Cicco,
• Seyed Javid Rezvani,
• Dario Mastrippolito,
• Luca Ottaviano,
• Tomasz Klimczuk,
• Luca Gregoratti and
• Roberto Gunnella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 749–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.58

• cantilever coated with Pt at the resonance frequency of 68 kHz with an elastic constant of 1–5 N/m (AppNano) and doped diamond tips with 120 kHz and 8 N/m elastic constant (ADAMA). Kelvin probe force microscopy images were taken via double passage before and after applying an electric field by elevating the

The impact of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane hole transport layer doping on interfacial charge extraction and recombination

• Konstantinos Bidinakis and
• Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 678–689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.52

• lock-in amplifier (Zurich Instruments), in an argon atmosphere glove box (less than 1% ppm O2 and negligible humidity). The cantilever used was SCM PIT V2 (resonance frequency: 75 kHz, spring constant: 3 N/m, Bruker). The scan rate of the measurement was 0.5 Hz. To increase the reliability of our data

Nanoscale capacitance spectroscopy based on multifrequency electrostatic force microscopy

• Pascal N. Rohrbeck,
• Lukas D. Cavar,
• Franjo Weber,
• Peter G. Reichel,
• Mara Niebling and
• Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 637–651, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.49

• method for nanoscale capacitance characterization at arbitrary frequencies above the second cantilever resonance. Besides a high spatial resolution, the key advantage of the multifrequency approach of MFH-EFM is that it measures the second-order capacitance gradient at almost arbitrary frequencies

• ][71] as well as a heterodyne-based EFM mode [59][72][73][78]. By using a low-frequency modulation of a high-frequency electrostatic drive, the response can be picked up either via a frequency shift or by an electrostatic response at one of the cantilever’s resonance frequencies. Thus, the dielectric

• arbitrary frequencies above the second cantilever resonance. Our approach measures the second capacitance gradient, enhancing localization by minimizing stray capacitance contributions [65]. This method enables high-frequency capacitance gradient spectroscopy without requiring specialized equipment beyond a

Nanomaterials in targeting amyloid-β oligomers: current advances and future directions for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and therapy

• Shiwani Randhawa,
• Trilok Chand Saini,
• Manik Bathla,
• Rahul Bhardwaj,
• Rubina Dhiman and
• Amitabha Acharya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 561–580, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.44

• ., CSF and blood tests [54]. Researchers have also employed the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of citric acid-coated AuNPs, to specifically detect and quantify Aβ40 oligomers, as the SPR absorption band of AuNPs was found to be sensitive to the presence of AβOs [55]. While exploring the range of AβO

N₂⁺-implantation-induced tailoring of structural, morphological, optical, and electrical characteristics of sputtered molybdenum thin films

• Usha Rani,
• Kafi Devi,
• Divya Gupta and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 495–509, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.38

• production of Mo nanoparticles and the subsequent increase in surface plasmon resonance or interband transitions. As-deposited molybdenum thin films deposited at room temperature typically exhibit a smooth surface and crystalline structure. The absorbance of molybdenum thin films increases with increasing

• film thickness and peaks between 300 and 700 nm, corresponding to the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of molybdenum nanoparticles [45][46]. The formation of defects through ion irradiation increased the scattering of light and absorption within the film, resulting in enhanced overall

• of the nanoparticles, influencing their resonance properties and, subsequently, the absorbance spectrum [49]. Furthermore, the alteration in peak location indicates an increased number of nanoparticles or a modification in their size distribution resulting from damage caused by ion implantation

Performance optimization of a microwave-coupled plasma-based ultralow-energy ECR ion source for silicon nanostructuring

• Joy Mukherjee,
• Safiul Alam Mollick,
• Tanmoy Basu and
• Tapobrata Som

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 484–494, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.37

• generating ion beams in a microwave-coupled plasma-based ultralow-energy electron cyclotron resonance ion source, generally used for nanostructuring solid surfaces. The investigation focuses on developing, accelerating, and extracting Ar ions from a magnetron-coupled plasma cup utilizing a three-grid ion

• various ions using gaseous plasma, the ion sources can be classified in direct current (DC)-operated ion sources, radio frequency discharge ion sources, and microwave-based electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion sources, as well as electron bombardment, charge exchange, and laser-driven ion sources [17

• spatial formation of silicon oxide changes the reflectivity. Also, nanopatterned silicon surfaces can be an alternative for memory devices. Conclusion In this manuscript, the intricacies of an ultralow-energy magnetron-based electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source are studied systematically by

Effect of additives on the synthesis efficiency of nanoparticles by laser-induced reduction

• Rikuto Kuroda,
• Takahiro Nakamura,
• Hideki Ina and
• Shuhei Shibata

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 464–472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.35

• the change in the absorption peak at 520 nm in the UV–vis absorption spectrum caused by the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the Au nanoparticles as a function of the laser irradiation time. The black line shows the change in absorbance for the solution without IPA, and the red line shows

ReactorAFM/STM – dynamic reactions on surfaces at elevated temperature and atmospheric pressure

• Tycho Roorda,
• Hamed Achour,
• Matthijs A. van Spronsen,
• Marta E. Cañas-Ventura,
• Sander B. Roobol,
• Willem Onderwaater,
• Mirthe Bergman,
• Peter van der Tuijn,
• Gertjan van Baarle,
• Johan W. Bakker,
• Joost W. M. Frenken and
• Irene M. N. Groot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 397–406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.30

• scanning cause shifts in resonance frequency, which could be misinterpreted as a force signal. A QTF’s resonance frequency changes with temperature according to the following equation: where Δf is the shift in resonance frequency, f0 is the natural resonance frequency of the tuning fork (with tip glued on

• larger. The QTF’s resonance frequency depends on pressure according to the following equation: where μ is the added mass due to the interaction with surrounding gas molecules, ρ is the density of the quartz tuning fork, and A is the area of the cross section [19]. Basically, the pressure dependence is

• signal analyzer. The tip motion and the feedback loop are controlled by electronics from RHK technology. A phase-locked loop is employed for locking the phase between the AC drive signal to the QTF and the signal input. When the phase is locked, the resonance frequency of the tuning fork will shift as

Engineered PEG–PCL nanoparticles enable sensitive and selective detection of sodium dodecyl sulfate: a qualitative and quantitative analysis

• Soni Prajapati and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 385–396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.29

• spectrophotometric methods. Specifically, when combined with the Bradford reagent, the PEG–PCL nanoparticles produced a distinct blue color, indicating a successful interaction. This interaction generated a sharp plasmon resonance peak with a maximum absorbance (λmax) at 620 nm. Further, the addition of SDS to PEG

• nanoparticles showed a selective response to SDS. Specifically, only in the presence of SDS a significant redshift of approximately 30 nm was observed in the plasmon resonance peak. This redshifting of absorbance maximum to a longer wavelength is a unique response not seen with the other tested ions or

• a plasmon resonance peak around 595 nm, forming a blue form of the dye–protein complex [37]. Furthermore, the quantification of SDS is not possible with a dye, only without involving protein. Therefore, the current study utilized NPs with PEG–PCL to detect SDS in the presence of the Bradford reagent

Pulsed laser in liquid grafting of gold nanoparticle–carbon support composites

• Madeleine K. Wilsey,
• Teona Taseska,
• Qishen Lyu,
• Connor P. Cox and
• Astrid M. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 349–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.26

• ns, 532 nm, and 87 mJ·cm−2 pulses. We employed 532 nm pulses because gold nanoparticle generation works well at that wavelength, as nanoparticle nucleation and growth take advantage of this laser wavelength being resonant with the surface plasmon resonance in gold nanoparticles [25]. For 532 nm

Emerging strategies in the sustainable removal of antibiotics using semiconductor-based photocatalysts

• Yunus Ahmed,
• Keya Rani Dutta,
• Parul Akhtar,
• Md. Arif Hossen,
• Md. Jahangir Alam,
• Obaid A. Alharbi,
• Hamad AlMohamadi and
• Abdul Wahab Mohammad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 264–285, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.21

• enable localized surface plasmonic resonance (LSPR). The second strategy focuses on the development of heterojunctions between two semiconductors that is activated by visible light [65][66]. These heterojunctions should have bandgaps and energy levels that match the valence and conduction bands

Preferential enrichment and extraction of laser-synthesized nanoparticles in organic phases

• Theo Fromme,
• Maximilian L. Spiekermann,
• Florian Lehmann,
• Stephan Barcikowski,
• Thomas Seidensticker and
• Sven Reichenberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 254–263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.20

• -spectroscopy (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1 and Figure S5) at the wavelength of the plasmon resonance peak (for Au and Ag) or at the wavelength of 550 nm (for Cu, Fe, Al, and Ti). The extinction at a wavelength of 550 nm for copper was used because the plasmon resonance peaks were not always

Recent advances in photothermal nanomaterials for ophthalmic applications

• Jiayuan Zhuang,
• Linhui Jia,
• Chenghao Li,
• Rui Yang,
• Jiapeng Wang,
• Wen-an Wang,
• Heng Zhou and
• Xiangxia Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 195–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.16

• categorized into three distinct types based on their different photothermal conversion mechanisms, which arise from their unique electronic structures [23][24]. The types include metals exhibiting localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), carbon and polymer materials undergoing molecular thermal vibration

• triggers a rapid, collective resonance among them [44]. This resonance leads to interactions between the excited free electrons and other electrons, lattice phonons, and surface ligands, converting the kinetic energy of these electrons into thermal energy through the Joule mechanism, an exceptionally

• materials initiate photothermal conversion through localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), characterized by absorption at a single wavelength [48][49][50]. The therapeutic process involves mechanical forces generated by the rupture of vapor nanobubbles, effectively treating tissues or cells. (d–f

A review of metal-organic frameworks and polymers in mixed matrix membranes for CO₂ capture

• Charlotte Skjold Qvist Christensen,
• Nicholas Hansen,
• Mahboubeh Motadayen,
• Nina Lock,
• Martin Lahn Henriksen and
• Jonathan Quinson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 155–186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.14

• formed may not fully represent the structure of the fabricated MOF-based MMMs. While electron microscopy offers a highly detailed qualitative analysis of specific regions within the membrane, methods such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy

TiO₂ immobilized on 2D mordenite: effect of hydrolysis conditions on structural, textural, and optical characteristics of the nanocomposites

• Marina G. Shelyapina,
• Rosario Isidro Yocupicio-Gaxiola,
• Gleb A. Valkovsky and
• Vitalii Petranovskii

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 128–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.12

• . Figure 2 shows the 27Al magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) spectra of the parent compound MOR-L and the TiO2-loaded samples. They confirm the regularity of the zeolite frameworks of the as-prepared samples. The spectrum consists of only one line at 54 ppm, which corresponds to

• spectrometer (operating with Topspin version 3.2) using a double-resonance 4 mm MAS probe with a rotor speed of 12.5 kHz. XPS spectra of the samples were taken using a Thermo Fisher Scientific Escalab 250Xi spectrometer with non-monochromatic Al Kα radiation (photon energy 1486.6 eV). Bandgaps energies were

Mechanistic insights into endosomal escape by sodium oleate-modified liposomes

• Ebrahim Sadaqa,
• Satrialdi,
• Fransiska Kurniawan and
• Diky Mudhakir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1667–1685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.131

Liver-targeting iron oxide nanoparticles and their complexes with plant extracts for biocompatibility

• Shushanik A. Kazaryan,
• Seda A. Oganian,
• Gayane S. Vardanyan,
• Anatolie S. Sidorenko and
• Ashkhen A. Hovhannisyan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1593–1602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.125

• Fe3O4 NPs have great potential for commercial use and have already found applications in biomedicine, such as magnetic resonance imaging (as contrast enhancement agents), targeted drug or gene delivery, tissue engineering, biological fluid detoxification, hyperthermia, biological sensing, nanozymes, and

Facile synthesis of size-tunable L-carnosine-capped silver nanoparticles and their role in metal ion sensing and catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar,
• Ridhima Chadha,
• Abhishek Das,
• Nandita Maiti and
• Rayavarapu Raja Gopal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1576–1592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.124

• properties [3][11][12]. These include localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), which can be utilized to detect heavy metal ions. The catalytic properties can be applied to degrade nitrophenolic compounds such as P-NP. Also, it is well documented that the properties of silver nanoparticles can be modulated

• degradation demonstrates the catalytic prowess of ʟ-car-AgNPs and highlights their potential in environmental remediation applications. The successful synthesis of ʟ-car-AgNPs with tunable plasmon resonance has paved the way for their application as colorimetric sensors for heavy metal detection and as

Lithium niobate on insulator: an emerging nanophotonic crystal for optimized light control

• Midhun Murali,
• Amit Banerjee and
• Tanmoy Basu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1415–1426, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.114

• resonant wavelength of the DBR can be selectively enhanced without increasing the CQD film thickness, thereby overcoming the inherent tradeoff in these devices. The combination of FP resonance and DBR increases the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PbS CQD solar cells by 54% and enables a very thin PbS

Nanoarchitectonics with cetrimonium bromide on metal nanoparticles for linker-free detection of toxic metal ions and catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1312–1332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.106

• and complex operational procedures [21]. Colorimetric detection of heavy metals and catalytic conversion of 4-nitrophenol can be achieved using CTAB-capped gold or silver nanoparticles because of their unique surface plasmon resonance (SPR) properties, allowing for a colorimetric analysis through a

• change in surface plasmon resonance of the metal nanostructures. A single absorbance peak correlates to the symmetrical shape and collective oscillation of free electrons on the nanoparticle surface. This phenomenon is known as localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), a characteristic feature of

• nanoparticles of the same concentration and size were evaluated to understand the impact of washing. As-prepared AuNR1 at 0.5 and 1 OD did not detect any metal through significant changes in color or plasmon resonance (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S15 and Figure S16). However, a slight blueshift of as

New design of operational MEMS bridges for measurements of properties of FEBID-based nanostructures

• Bartosz Pruchnik,
• Krzysztof Kwoka,
• Ewelina Gacka,
• Dominik Badura,
• Piotr Kunicki,
• Andrzej Sierakowski,
• Paweł Janus,
• Tomasz Piasecki and
• Teodor Gotszalk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1273–1282, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.103

• [38], but this technique is difficult to apply in SEM chambers (the ultimate working environment for opMEMS) because of the difficulty of obtaining a controlled magnetic field inside. In the experiments, the resonance of the opMEMS was measured outside the vacuum chamber using a SIOS nano vibration