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Search for "scales" in Full Text gives 373 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.

Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

  • Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
  • Bindu Krishnan,
  • Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
  • David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
  • Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
  • Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

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Published 03 Jun 2025

Efficiency of single-pulse laser fragmentation of organic nutraceutical dispersions in a circular jet flow-through reactor

  • Tina Friedenauer,
  • Maximilian Spellauge,
  • Alexander Sommereyns,
  • Verena Labenski,
  • Tuba Esatbeyoglu,
  • Christoph Rehbock,
  • Heinz P. Huber and
  • Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 711–727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.55

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  • parameters such as wavelength and pulse duration, fragmentation setups can also affect the fragmentation efficiency. A homogeneous fluence distribution is particularly relevant for sensitive organic materials, as the amount of degradation products scales with the laser intensity used [42], which is why
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Published 26 May 2025

Nanostructured materials characterized by scanning photoelectron spectromicroscopy

  • Matteo Amati,
  • Alexey S. Shkvarin,
  • Alexander I. Merentsov,
  • Alexander N. Titov,
  • María Taeño,
  • David Maestre,
  • Sarah R. McKibbin,
  • Zygmunt Milosz,
  • Ana Cremades,
  • Rainer Timm and
  • Luca Gregoratti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 700–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.54

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  • decades, many characterization tools used to investigate chemical, electronic, or structural properties of materials have been developed or upgraded to match the requirements imposed by nanotechnology. Imaging capabilities covering from meso- to atomic scales, spatially resolved spectroscopies with
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Published 23 May 2025

Nanoscale capacitance spectroscopy based on multifrequency electrostatic force microscopy

  • Pascal N. Rohrbeck,
  • Lukas D. Cavar,
  • Franjo Weber,
  • Peter G. Reichel,
  • Mara Niebling and
  • Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 637–651, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.49

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  • difference (CPD) [18]. Its exceptional spatial resolution, ranging from sub-micrometer [24][26] to atomic scales [27][28], makes AFM a powerful tool for nanoscale analysis. Scanning probe-based capacitance mapping methods can be divided into two categories: Methods measuring the tip–sample capacitance
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Published 08 May 2025

Electron beam-based direct writing of nanostructures using a palladium β-ketoesterate complex

  • Chinmai Sai Jureddy,
  • Krzysztof Maćkosz,
  • Aleksandra Butrymowicz-Kubiak,
  • Iwona B. Szymańska,
  • Patrik Hoffmann and
  • Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 530–539, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.41

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  • use of masks, achieving scales down to a few nanometers with various patterns and shapes, offers significant advantages for a wide range of technological applications. These include areas that require plasmonic [1][2][3], phononic [3][4], magnetic [5][6], optoelectronic [7][8][9], and mechanical [10
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Published 15 Apr 2025

Impact of adsorbate–substrate interaction on nanostructured thin films growth during low-pressure condensation

  • Alina V. Dvornichenko,
  • Vasyl O. Kharchenko and
  • Dmitrii O. Kharchenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 473–483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.36

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  • –substrate interactions on scales shorter than the diffusion length. The strength of adsorbate–substrate interaction is defined by both substrate and adsorbed material. Adsorbate–substrate interactions encompass a broad spectrum of physical and chemical phenomena that dictate the initial nucleation
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Published 28 Mar 2025

Biomimetics and bioinspired surfaces: from nature to theory and applications

  • Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira,
  • Thies H. Büscher,
  • Manuela Rebora,
  • Poramate Manoonpong,
  • Zhendong Dai and
  • Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 418–421, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.32

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  • environmental pressures. Such pressures involve intricate interactions between surface structures and the environment across different scales, including nano-, micro-, and macroscales. Biomimetics aims at making use of understanding how these adaptations and the particular material properties of these surfaces
  • . Bioinspired nanotechnology plays a crucial role by harnessing nanoscale properties and processes to create highly effective surfaces and interfaces at various scales. In May 2023, the Beilstein Nanotechnology Symposium “Functional Micro- and Nanostructured Surfaces: from Biology to Biomimetics” gathered
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Editorial
Published 26 Mar 2025

Advanced atomic force microscopy techniques V

  • Philipp Rahe,
  • Ilko Bald,
  • Nadine Hauptmann,
  • Regina Hoffmann-Vogel,
  • Harry Mönig and
  • Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 54–56, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.6

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  • parameters can precisely be determined regardless of the oscillation amplitude. As the periodicity of the cavity light field scales with the length standard given by the laser light wavelength, this specifically facilitates a calibration of the oscillation amplitude with unprecedented accuracy and precision
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Published 21 Jan 2025

Orientation-dependent photonic bandgaps in gold-dust weevil scales and their titania bioreplicates

  • Norma Salvadores Farran,
  • Limin Wang,
  • Primoz Pirih and
  • Bodo D. Wilts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1–10, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.1

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  • 10.3762/bjnano.16.1 Abstract The scales of the gold-dust weevil Hypomeces squamosus are green because of three-dimensional diamond-type chitin–air photonic crystals with an average periodicity of about 430 nm and a chitin fill fraction of about 0.44. A single scale usually contains one to three
  • }-oriented domains exhibits polarization conversion, rotating the angle of linearly polarized light. The overall coloration, resulting from the reflections from many scales, is close to uniformly diffuse because of the random orientation of the domains. Using titania sol–gel chemistry, we produced negative
  • copolymers [10][11], lithography, or laser etching [12][13], but it can be routinely found in animal integuments. Biomimetic approaches using templates from natural structures offers a possible alternative. The scales of many beetles and weevils contain diamond photonic crystals [14][15][16] that may serve
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Published 02 Jan 2025

Heterogeneous reactions in a HFCVD reactor: simulation using a 2D model

  • Xochitl Aleyda Morán Martínez,
  • José Alberto Luna López,
  • Zaira Jocelyn Hernández Simón,
  • Gabriel Omar Mendoza Conde,
  • José Álvaro David Hernández de Luz and
  • Godofredo García Salgado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1627–1638, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.128

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  • instantaneous values within the reactor. The 0D model scales to a spatial 2D model. For the numerical solution, the following considerations are made: Molecular hydrogen behaves like an ideal gas in a two-dimensional model with position coordinates (x,y). The fluid is considered laminar and incompressible. The
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Published 17 Dec 2024

Ultrablack color in velvet ant cuticle

  • Vinicius Marques Lopez,
  • Wencke Krings,
  • Juliana Reis Machado,
  • Stanislav Gorb and
  • Rhainer Guillermo-Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1554–1565, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.122

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  • pigmentation originates from the interaction of light with arrays of microlenses on the cuticle or overlapping brush-like scales positioned just above a densely pigmented absorbing layer. Similar phenomena can be observed in butterflies [11][12], birds [13], and snakes [14][15]. This intricately structured
  • most probably coupled with melanin as in other velvet ants [24]. Similar cases of white–black structural colors can be observed in other insect groups. For instance, the tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) exhibits black and white scales with micro- and nanostructures that turn
  • transparent scales into superwhite and melanized scales into superblack [25]. Melanin pigments can produce a black color with visible reflections, such as in shiny fur and feathers. The degree of such visible reflections depends on the surface structure. Ultrablack color lacks this gloss and instead displays
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Published 02 Dec 2024

Integrating high-performance computing, machine learning, data management workflows, and infrastructures for multiscale simulations and nanomaterials technologies

  • Fabio Le Piane,
  • Mario Vozza,
  • Matteo Baldoni and
  • Francesco Mercuri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1498–1521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.119

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  • time and length scales, from atomic and molecular-level interactions to the macroscale, that govern the structural, mechanical, and thermal properties of materials [4][5]. More recently, data-driven approaches, such as machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI), are revolutionizing
  • of a broad range of advanced digital technologies (Figure 1). One significant area where these technologies can have a profound impact is in the design and development of advanced nanomaterials [15][16], where the relationship between structure and morphology at different scales, processing, and
  • materials across a broad range of length and time scales [4][18]. Furthermore, the development of user-friendly interfaces and visualization tools has improved the accessibility and usability of these advanced hardware and software technologies [19][20]. In parallel to the use of large-scale computing
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Perspective
Published 27 Nov 2024

Lithium niobate on insulator: an emerging nanophotonic crystal for optimized light control

  • Midhun Murali,
  • Amit Banerjee and
  • Tanmoy Basu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1415–1426, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.114

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  • "super-emission" scales with the system size, meaning larger systems shine brighter. The reverse phenomenon (i.e., superabsorption [35][36]) enhances light absorption for larger systems and holds promise for creating high-performance quantum batteries. However, directly observing superabsorption is
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Published 14 Nov 2024

Interaction of graphene oxide with tannic acid: computational modeling and toxicity mitigation in C. elegans

  • Romana Petry,
  • James M. de Almeida,
  • Francine Côa,
  • Felipe Crasto de Lima,
  • Diego Stéfani T. Martinez and
  • Adalberto Fazzio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1297–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.105

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  • on larger scales [4]. Nowadays, there is an increasing commercial availability of graphene-related products and companies with large-scale production capabilities of these materials, which includes GO as an intermediate or final product [5][6][7]. Because of the growing industrial and technological
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Published 30 Oct 2024

A low-kiloelectronvolt focused ion beam strategy for processing low-thermal-conductance materials with nanoampere currents

  • Annalena Wolff,
  • Nico Klingner,
  • William Thompson,
  • Yinghong Zhou,
  • Jinying Lin and
  • Yin Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1197–1207, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.97

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  • plotted after an irradiation time of 990 ns. The color scales are fixed to 340 K max for better comparison. SEM micrographs showing cross sections that were cut into collagen using (A) 30 keV gallium ions with 1 nA beam current and 1.4 × 1013 ions·cm−2 and (B) 5 keV gallium ions with 1.4 nA beam current
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Published 27 Sep 2024

Atomistic insights into the morphological dynamics of gold and platinum nanoparticles: MD simulations in vacuum and aqueous media

  • Evangelos Voyiatzis,
  • Eugenia Valsami-Jones and
  • Antreas Afantitis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 995–1009, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.81

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  • experimental techniques by providing insights into phenomena occurring at time and length scales that are challenging to capture experimentally. Methods We performed atomistic MD simulations of spherical Au and Pt NPs in vacuum and in aqueous media. The considered NP diameters and the number of atoms in each
  • ° and 78°, for the Pt NPs at approximately 41° and 76°. These peaks appear also in diffraction patterns of bulk Au and Pt materials [81]. There are no persistent features in the diffraction patterns, such as peaks at multiples of characteristic length scales, and the profiles validate the notion that
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Published 07 Aug 2024

Exploring surface charge dynamics: implications for AFM height measurements in 2D materials

  • Mario Navarro-Rodriguez,
  • Andres M. Somoza and
  • Elisa Palacios-Lidon

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 767–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.64

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  • depends on the free oscillation amplitude. In contrast to the voltage-independent contribution mediated by capillary forces [38][63], the voltage-dependent dissipation contribution perfectly scales with the free oscillation amplitude. This scaling suggests that, for low to moderate amplitudes, this
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Published 01 Jul 2024

Functional fibrillar interfaces: Biological hair as inspiration across scales

  • Guillermo J. Amador,
  • Brett Klaassen van Oorschot,
  • Caiying Liao,
  • Jianing Wu and
  • Da Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.55

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  • length scales. Keywords: adhesion; fibers; fluid–structure interactions; mastigonemes; mechanosensing; setae; wettability; Introduction Given the bottom-up approach that biology uses to create materials, fibrous structures formed by molecular chains are found everywhere. For example, internally in the
  • review include the hair and fur of mammals, the feathers of birds, the trichomes of plants, the setae of arthropods, and the ultrastructures of single-celled organisms. Figure 1A shows how the total hair mass mh scales with body mass mb. For mh, a material density of 1 g·cm−3 was assumed. A relationship
  • help to protect organisms and to promote homeostasis, strategically placed arrays of hairs are crucial for locomotion through various mediums, such as granular soil, air, and water. By possessing hairs on appendages, organisms across wide length scales are capable of enhancing their locomotory
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Published 06 Jun 2024

On the additive artificial intelligence-based discovery of nanoparticle neurodegenerative disease drug delivery systems

  • Shan He,
  • Julen Segura Abarrategi,
  • Harbil Bediaga,
  • Sonia Arrasate and
  • Humberto González-Díaz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 535–555, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.47

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  • purpose of this function is to increase the effect of certainty and maintain the homogeneity of scales. Once the PTOs were obtained, we applied ML methods so as to fit f(vij, vnj)obs and to achieve the IFPTML models. As indicated in the previous section, we classified the preclinical NDD assays, cdj, onto
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Published 15 May 2024

Ultrasensitive and ultrastretchable metal crack strain sensor based on helical polydimethylsiloxane

  • Shangbi Chen,
  • Dewen Liu,
  • Weiwei Chen,
  • Huajiang Chen,
  • Jiawei Li and
  • Jinfang Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 270–278, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.25

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  • microcracks in the Au thin film. The resistance of the sensor is altered when strain is applied because of the separation of overlapping scales and the generation of cracks in the gold thin film. The strain sensor is fabricated through a straightforward preparation method, resulting in an exceptionally high
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Published 01 Mar 2024

Multiscale modelling of biomolecular corona formation on metallic surfaces

  • Parinaz Mosaddeghi Amini,
  • Ian Rouse,
  • Julia Subbotina and
  • Vladimir Lobaskin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 215–229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.21

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  • , which scales as (N2) for N adsorbed particles. Moreover, in this original form of the model, a single adsorbed lactose molecule inhibits the adsorption of a large protein, no matter how strongly the protein may adsorb. To counteract these issues, the following features were added to the new version of
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Published 13 Feb 2024

Exploring disorder correlations in superconducting systems: spectroscopic insights and matrix element effects

  • Vyacheslav D. Neverov,
  • Alexander E. Lukyanov,
  • Andrey V. Krasavin,
  • Alexei Vagov,
  • Boris G. Lvov and
  • Mihail D. Croitoru

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 199–206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.19

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  • . This is the hallmark of a scale-free distribution, which is typical of a fractal pattern where stripes with oxygen form a similar structure on all scales up to 400 μm. The exploration of superconductivity in the presence of spatially correlated disorder has recently been initiated, as evidenced by the
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Published 12 Feb 2024

Graphene removal by water-assisted focused electron-beam-induced etching – unveiling the dose and dwell time impact on the etch profile and topographical changes in SiO2 substrates

  • Aleksandra Szkudlarek,
  • Jan M. Michalik,
  • Inés Serrano-Esparza,
  • Zdeněk Nováček,
  • Veronika Novotná,
  • Piotr Ozga,
  • Czesław Kapusta and
  • José María De Teresa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 190–198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.18

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  • applied electron dose. The width of the AFM etch profiles is approximately 250 nm for dose D2, corresponding to the radius of backscattered electrons in Si (≈200 nm). The width scales up with the dose, and a correlation to the applied dwell time is evident. Notably, for the highest dose value, the width
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Published 07 Feb 2024

Spatial variations of conductivity of self-assembled monolayers of dodecanethiol on Au/mica and Au/Si substrates

  • Julian Skolaut,
  • Jędrzej Tepper,
  • Federica Galli,
  • Wulf Wulfhekel and
  • Jan M. van Ruitenbeek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1169–1177, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.97

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  • rather small length scales of tens of nanometers. The areas of high current appear to coincide with areas of lower topography, slightly skewed to the bottom right of areas with higher topography. This happens all over the image and indicates an effect of the probe influencing the occurrence of high
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Published 05 Dec 2023

A bifunctional superconducting cell as flux qubit and neuron

  • Dmitrii S. Pashin,
  • Pavel V. Pikunov,
  • Marina V. Bastrakova,
  • Andrey E. Schegolev,
  • Nikolay V. Klenov and
  • Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1116–1126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.92

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  • on small time scales near the moment of convergence tLZ. This allows us to use a linear approximation on time ε(tLZ + τLZ) ≈ ε′(tLZ)·τLZ and write the Hamiltonian of the system as: We assume that V(τLZ) = is small on the scale of the Landau–Zener transition time. This allows us to use the
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Published 21 Nov 2023
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