Development of a mucoadhesive drug delivery system and its interaction with gastric cells

• Ahmet Baki Sahin,
• Serdar Karakurt and
• Deniz Sezlev Bilecen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 371–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.28

• nanoparticles Morphology of nanoparticles The morphological characterization of nanoparticles was done via scanning electron microscopy (SEM, Zeiss, GeminiSEM500) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM, Ziess, GeminiSEM500). For SEM analysis, nanoparticles were air-dried on SEM stabs and coated

Pulsed laser in liquid grafting of gold nanoparticle–carbon support composites

• Madeleine K. Wilsey,
• Teona Taseska,
• Qishen Lyu,
• Connor P. Cox and
• Astrid M. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 349–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.26

• , rapid, scalable, acid-free process to make carbon fiber paper hydrophilic without destroying the carbon network, as other carbon fiber paper oxidation methods do [22], evident from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging (Figure 2A). Hydrophilicity was achieved by graphitic edge carbon oxygenation

• custom-made Teflon tub, in 2.0 mL of commercially available aqueous colloid of citrate-capped gold nanoparticles (100 nm, nanoComposix), followed by drying under a heat lamp at 60 °C for 20 min. Physical characterization Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were obtained at UR-Nano. A Zeiss Auriga

Enhancing mechanical properties of chitosan/PVA electrospun nanofibers: a comprehensive review

• Nur Areisman Mohd Salleh,
• Amalina Muhammad Afifi,
• Fathiah Mohamed Zuki and
• Hanna Sofia SalehHudin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 286–307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.22

• electron microscopy (SEM) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) are more commonly used to analyze the fiber diameter, distribution, and overall surface morphology [144]. Microscopic images obtained from these techniques help to identify defects such as beading or non-uniformity in fibers

• not impossible. This was demonstrated by Olvera Bernal et al. [58] who employed differentially interferential contrasting to accentuate the color contrast for the fiber diameter measurements of electrospun chitosan/PVA. Imaging techniques based on the principles of electron beams such as scanning

Radiosensitizing properties of dual-functionalized carbon nanostructures loaded with temozolomide

• Radmila Milenkovska,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Petre Makreski,
• Dushko Lukarski,
• Igor Stojkovski,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska and
• Kristina Mladenovska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 229–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.18

Synthesis and the impact of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on the viability and activity of rhizobacteria

• Bedah Rupaedah,
• Indrika Novella,
• Atiek Rostika Noviyanti,
• Diana Rakhmawaty Eddy,
• Anna Safarrida,
• Abdul Hapid,
• Zhafira Amila Haqqa,
• Suryana Suryana,
• Irwan Kurnia and
• Fathiyah Inayatirrahmi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 216–228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.17

• . The morphology of the analyzed sample, observed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at magnifications of 15,000× and 50,000× are depicted in Figure 3. Figure 3 provides a clear view of the sample demonstrating spherical shapes with a consistent particle size distribution. The SEM analysis

A review of metal-organic frameworks and polymers in mixed matrix membranes for CO₂ capture

• Charlotte Skjold Qvist Christensen,
• Nicholas Hansen,
• Mahboubeh Motadayen,
• Nina Lock,
• Martin Lahn Henriksen and
• Jonathan Quinson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 155–186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.14

• MMMs Material characterization techniques are pivotal for the assessment of novel MOF-based MMMs structures. Electron microscopy enables direct imaging of a sample with up to sub-nanometer resolution [139]. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a popular and straightforward method to obtain images of

TiO₂ immobilized on 2D mordenite: effect of hydrolysis conditions on structural, textural, and optical characteristics of the nanocomposites

• Marina G. Shelyapina,
• Rosario Isidro Yocupicio-Gaxiola,
• Gleb A. Valkovsky and
• Vitalii Petranovskii

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 128–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.12

• studied composites. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of the initial lamellar mordenite sample MOR-L is also shown for comparison. As can be seen, MOR-L exhibits elongated plates up to 1 μm long and 0.1 μm wide, combined into stacks. After introduction of TEOT followed by hydrolysis and

Bioinspired nanofilament coatings for scale reduction on steel

• Siad Dahir Ali,
• Mette Heidemann Rasmussen,
• Jacopo Catalano,
• Christian Husum Frederiksen and
• Tobias Weidner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 25–34, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.3

• shear stress at the plate is reported in Figure 2D for different angular velocities and corresponding volumetric flow rates. Super-hydrophobicity of SNF coatings on steel Figure 3A shows a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of a stainless-steel surface coated with SNFs. The wire-type structures

Natural nanofibers embedded in the seed mucilage envelope: composite hydrogels with specific adhesive and frictional properties

• Agnieszka Kreitschitz and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1603–1618, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.126

• its composition [14][15][16]. The nanoscale level of the spatial organisation of mucilage observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals the complexity of the mucilage with special features, such as 3D organisation of polysaccharides in a net-like structure [7][13]. In the last years, the

Ultrablack color in velvet ant cuticle

• Vinicius Marques Lopez,
• Wencke Krings,
• Juliana Reis Machado,
• Stanislav Gorb and
• Rhainer Guillermo-Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1554–1565, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.122

• of the ultrablack cuticle in Traumatomutilla bifurca, an enigmatic and visually striking species of velvet ants (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae). Using a combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and optical

• sunlight (personal observations). For subsequent analyses, we utilized female specimens collected from Caatinga regions in Pernambuco, Brazil (09°19’44.2’’S, 42°33’30’’W) in February 2022. The specimens were preserved in absolute alcohol. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) To investigate the internal

• to CC BY 4.0. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the cuticle surface of Traumatomutilla bifurca (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae). It exhibits a dense covering of spines and setae (A–F). The setae display an arrangement of slightly flattened filamentous structures (B, C, E, and F). The setae

Various CVD-grown ZnO nanostructures for nanodevices and interdisciplinary applications

• The-Long Phan,
• Le Viet Cuong,
• Vu Dinh Lam and
• Ngoc Toan Dang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1390–1399, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.112

• down to collect white products formed on Si substrates. They were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, JEOL-6330F) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. Renishaw’s RS and PL spectrometers operating with laser wavelengths of 488 and 325 nm were also employed to study phonon

Green synthesis of carbon dot structures from Rheum Ribes and Schottky diode fabrication

• Muhammed Taha Durmus and
• Ebru Bozkurt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1369–1375, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.110

• electron microscopy (SEM), I–V/C–V measurements, UV–vis spectroscopy, and steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy, respectively. CDs synthesis 2.5 g of the powdered Rheum ribes plant was placed in an autoclave bottle, and 50 mL of pure water was added to the bottle. This aqueous solution was placed in an

• Cary Eclipse fluorescence spectrophotometer were used for transmission electron microscopy (TEM), zeta potential measurements, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), micro-Raman spectroscopy, PVD thermal evaporation, scanning

Out-of-plane polarization induces a picosecond photoresponse in rhombohedral stacked bilayer WSe₂

• Guixian Liu,
• Yufan Wang,
• Zhoujuan Xu,
• Zhouxiaosong Zeng,
• Lanyu Huang,
• Cuihuan Ge and
• Xiao Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1362–1368, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.109

• . To enrich the basic characterizations of WSe2, we conducted Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements (Supporting Information File 1, Note 5). The broken symmetry leads to an asymmetric distribution of photogenerated carriers, resulting in a non-zero photocurrent even

Hymenoptera and biomimetic surfaces: insights and innovations

• Vinicius Marques Lopez,
• Carlo Polidori and
• Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1333–1352, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.107

Mn-doped ZnO nanopowders prepared by sol–gel and microwave-assisted sol–gel methods and their photocatalytic properties

• Cristina Maria Vlăduț,
• Crina Anastasescu,
• Silviu Preda,
• Oana Catalina Mocioiu,
• Simona Petrescu,
• Jeanina Pandele-Cusu,
• Dana Culita,
• Veronica Bratan,
• Ioan Balint and
• Maria Zaharescu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1283–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.104

• morphologies and the compositions of the calcined samples were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS), using a FEI Quanta 3D FEG instrument equipped with the Octane Elect EDS system. The powder samples were placed on double-sided carbon tape and recorded without coating at accelerating voltages of

Functional morphology of cleaning devices in the damselfly Ischnura elegans (Odonata, Coenagrionidae)

• Silvana Piersanti,
• Gianandrea Salerno,
• Wencke Krings,
• Stanislav Gorb and
• Manuela Rebora

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1260–1272, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.102

• used to clean the head and, especially, the eyes and the antennae. The microstructures were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the presence and distribution of resilin, an elastomeric protein that enhances cuticle deformability and flexibility (review in [36]), were analyzed using

Dual-functionalized architecture enables stable and tumor cell-specific SiO₂NPs in complex biological fluids

• Iris Renata Sousa Ribeiro,
• Raquel Frenedoso da Silva,
• Romênia Ramos Domingues,
• Adriana Franco Paes Leme and
• Mateus Borba Cardoso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1238–1252, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.100

• ), SiO2NPs-ZW-NH2 (with ZW + APTES), and SiO2NPs-ZW-FO (with ZW + APTES + folate). Characterization of SiO2NPs Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs were obtained in a high-resolution FEI Inspect F50 microscope. A NP suspension (7 μL) was deposited directly onto a copper substrate, dried, and

Enhanced catalytic reduction through in situ synthesized gold nanoparticles embedded in glucosamine/alginate nanocomposites

• Chi-Hien Dang,
• Le-Kim-Thuy Nguyen,
• Minh-Trong Tran,
• Van-Dung Le,
• Nguyen Minh Ty,
• T. Ngoc Han Pham,
• Hieu Vu-Quang,
• Tran Thi Kim Chi,
• Tran Thi Huong Giang,
• Nguyen Thi Thanh Tu and
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1227–1237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.99

• a Bruker Tensor 27 FTIR spectrophotometer, which scanned wavelengths from 500 to 4000 cm−1. KBr pellets were used for the measurements. For morphological investigations of the nanocomposites, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed using a SEM-S4800 instrument; transmission electron

Synthesis, characterization and anticancer effect of doxorubicin-loaded dual stimuli-responsive smart nanopolymers

• Ömür Acet,
• Pavel Kirsanov,
• Burcu Önal Acet,
• Inessa Halets-Bui,
• Dzmitry Shcharbin,
• Şeyda Ceylan Cömert and
• Mehmet Odabaşı

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1189–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.96

• . Scanning electron microscopy (SEM, Leo 440) was utilized for morphological characterizations of the SNPs; lyophilized SNPs were coated with gold, and the samples were placed in the SEM. The zeta potential the of DOX-SNPs was measured by using a Nano Zetasizer (NanoS, Malvern Instruments, London, UK

Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications

• Shakhzodjon Uzokboev,
• Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov,
• Ra’no Nuritdinova,
• Salah M. Tawfik and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88

• scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The shape and size of the nanoparticles can be determined by these two methods [59]. TEM is extensively utilized and can differentiate between nanocapsules and nanospheres, as well as measure the thickness of the nanocapsule

Therapeutic effect of F127-folate@PLGA/CHL/IR780 nanoparticles on folate receptor-expressing cancer cells

• Thi Ngoc Han Pham,
• Phuong-Thao Dang-Luong,
• Hong-Phuc Nguyen,
• Loc Le-Tuan,
• Xuan Thang Cao,
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen,
• Vy Tran Anh and
• Hieu Vu_Quang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 954–964, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.78

• scattering (DLS) and zeta potential spectra measurements were carried out in three replicates on a nanoPartica Horiba SZ-100 (Japan) with a scattering angle of 90° at 25 °C to determine the size distribution and stability of the nanocomposites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) The F127-folate@PLGA/CHL

Facile synthesis of Fe-based metal–organic frameworks from Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles and their application for CO₂/N₂ separation

• Van Nhieu Le,
• Hoai Duc Tran,
• Minh Tien Nguyen,
• Hai Bang Truong,
• Toan Minh Pham and
• Jinsoo Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 897–908, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.74

• and yield of the as-prepared MIL-100(Fe) materials, including thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) measurements, determination of textural properties, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

The effect of age on the attachment ability of stick insects (Phasmatodea)

• Marie Grote,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Thies H. Büscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 867–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.72

• projections. 8 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) For inspection of the tarsal morphology of different age groups, samples were chosen after CLSM to compare regions of interest, such as altered autofluorescence or damage. Selected tarsi were transferred from glycerin into 50% ethanol via a gradual series of

Intermixing of MoS₂ and WS₂ photocatalysts toward methylene blue photodegradation

• Maryam Al Qaydi,
• Nitul S. Rajput,
• Michael Lejeune,
• Abdellatif Bouchalkha,
• Mimoun El Marssi,
• Steevy Cordette,
• Chaouki Kasmi and
• Mustapha Jouiad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 817–829, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.68

• binding energies). This means there is no chemical shift in the compounds, implying that the intermixing of Mo and W did not disturb the chemical environment, and the elements retained a stable chemical bond. Microstructure analysis Figure 4 shows scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of all

Electrospun polysuccinimide scaffolds containing different salts as potential wound dressing material

• Veronika Pálos,
• Krisztina S. Nagy,
• Rita Pázmány,
• Krisztina Juriga-Tóth,
• Bálint Budavári,
• Judit Domokos,
• Dóra Szabó,
• Ákos Zsembery and
• Angela Jedlovszky-Hajdu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 781–796, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.65

• scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), mechanical tests, investigation of salt dissolution from the scaffolds, examination of their antibacterial activity against four different bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, and