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Search for "solvent" in Full Text gives 629 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.

Crystalline and amorphous structure selectivity of ignoble high-entropy alloy nanoparticles during laser ablation in organic liquids is set by pulse duration

  • Robert Stuckert,
  • Felix Pohl,
  • Oleg Prymak,
  • Ulrich Schürmann,
  • Christoph Rehbock,
  • Lorenz Kienle and
  • Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1141–1159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.84

Graphical Abstract
  • colloids (LSPC) [41][42][43][44] provides nanoparticles dispersed in liquids without the addition of common additives (e.g., citrate [45], tensides [46], polymers [47]) or support material to stabilize the particles with high variability on the used solvent, yielding colloidal nanoparticles with
  • shown to be less expensive than wet chemically produced NPs after a break-even-point of 550 mg/h. Thus, it makes the laser system to be of low cost in large-scale processes [61]. Furthermore, procedures for LAL are usually not bound to strict limitations when it comes to pressure and solvent, as for
  • . Furthermore, metalloid elements, such as phosphorous, silicon, boron, and carbon were shown to retard crystallization and favor the formation of long-range disordered structures. Organic solvent molecules used in LSPC can serve as a carbon source which strongly affects the stabilization of amorphous
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Published 17 Jul 2025

Fabrication of metal complex phthalocyanine and porphyrin nanoparticle aqueous colloids by pulsed laser fragmentation in liquid and their potential application to a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy

  • Taisei Himeda,
  • Risako Kunitomi,
  • Ryosuke Nabeya,
  • Tamotsu Zako and
  • Tsuyoshi Asahi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1088–1096, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.80

Graphical Abstract
  • nanoparticles and nanomicelle encapsulation have been used to disperse them in water [2][3][4][5][6][7]. For example, AlClPc has been loaded into nanoemulsions using castor oil and Cremophor ELP® [5]. ZnPc was dispersed in unilamellar liposomes by a solvent exchange method [7][8], and its photocytotoxicity
  • suspended in a poor solvent is fragmented into nanoparticles by intense pulsed laser irradiation, and the sample suspension is directly converted in to a colloidal dispersion without any chemical additives in one step. It has been demonstrated that several hydrophobic dyes such as metal complex Pcs (MPcs
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Published 11 Jul 2025

Single-layer graphene oxide film grown on α-Al2O3(0001) for use as an adsorbent

  • Shiro Entani,
  • Mitsunori Honda,
  • Masaru Takizawa and
  • Makoto Kohda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1082–1087, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.79

Graphical Abstract
  • drop-casting technique, wherein GO flakes dispersed in a solvent are cast onto a substrate [16][17]. This technique does not allow for the control of number of layers. Consequently, studies have been conducted to synthesize large-area and single-layer GO (SLGO) films. As mentioned above, GO films have
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Published 10 Jul 2025

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

  • Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

Graphical Abstract
  • integrated with the solvent [279][280][281]. Furthermore, gel materials with excellent stimuli responsiveness and biocompatibility have also been widely developed. As the nanoarchitectonics of the polymers and molecular aggregates that constitute gels evolve, the design and functionality of gels are becoming
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Published 04 Jul 2025

A calix[4]arene-based supramolecular nanoassembly targeting cancer cells and triggering the release of nitric oxide with green light

  • Cristina Parisi,
  • Loredana Ferreri,
  • Tassia J. Martins,
  • Francesca Laneri,
  • Samantha Sollima,
  • Antonina Azzolina,
  • Antonella Cusimano,
  • Nicola D’Antona,
  • Grazia M. L. Consoli and
  • Salvatore Sortino

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1003–1013, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.75

Graphical Abstract
  • compound 1b, in which four terminal chloromethyl groups are tethered to the calixarene upper rim by amide bonds. The subsequent treatment with N,N-dimethylethanolamine in THF as a solvent, produced compound 1 bearing choline-like moieties. Compound 1 and its precursor 1b were characterized by 1D and 2D NMR
  • , and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure at 35 °C. The resulting film was rehydrated with an aqueous solution of 1 (50 μM) by stirring overnight at room temperature. The final solution was left to equilibrate and filtered. Encapsulation efficiency (EE %) was calculated using the formula
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Published 03 Jul 2025

Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids

  • Maximilian Spellauge,
  • David Redka,
  • Mianzhen Mo,
  • Changyong Song,
  • Heinz Paul Huber and
  • Anton Plech

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74

Graphical Abstract
  • absorption signal near the bleached region, signifying the broadening. The decay dynamics of these signals are dictated by electron–phonon coupling within the particle and phonon–solvent interaction at the particle surface, hence informing about the overall energy relaxation timescales. The application of
  • within the particle. It was proposed that the solvent molecules directly interact with non-thermal electrons at the particle surface, particularly in very small particles. In fact, the relatively well-defined geometry of NP colloids that leads to excitation localization and uniformity as well as the
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Published 02 Jul 2025

Heat-induced transformation of nickel-coated polycrystalline diamond film studied in situ by XPS and NEXAFS

  • Olga V. Sedelnikova,
  • Yuliya V. Fedoseeva,
  • Dmitriy V. Gorodetskiy,
  • Yuri N. Palyanov,
  • Elena V. Shlyakhova,
  • Eugene A. Maksimovskiy,
  • Anna A. Makarova,
  • Lyubov G. Bulusheva and
  • Aleksandr V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 887–898, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.67

Graphical Abstract
  • ]. The obtained films were about 500 μm thick. Synthetic SCD were produced using high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) method on a BARS apparatus [54]. The starting materials included a graphite rod (99.99% purity), a Ni0.7Fe0.3 alloy as a solvent catalyst, and a synthetic diamond (≈0.5 mm) as a seed
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Published 12 Jun 2025

Synthesis and magnetic transitions of rare-earth-free Fe–Mn–Ni–Si-based compositionally complex alloys at bulk and nanoscale

  • Shabbir Tahir,
  • Tatiana Smoliarova,
  • Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
  • Michael Farle,
  • Natalia Shkodich and
  • Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 823–836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.62

Graphical Abstract
  • segregation due to differences in precursor reduction temperatures [38]. Other techniques such as laser scanning ablation [39] and Joule heating [40] have also been employed to generate CCAs, but they often involve costly precursors and lengthy solvent screening processes. Among the various techniques
  • 2.8 J·cm−2 [41]. Additionally, to increase the NP concentration and reduce the organic solvent use, a closed loop liquid flow system was employed. Size distribution, morphology, elemental composition, and crystal structure of the NPs from both CCA targets were examined using transmission electron
  • suggests that PLAL influences the resulting crystal structure, paving the way to control the material phase by modifying the laser synthesis conditions such as pulse duration, intensity, or solvent, which would drastically affect temperature, pressure, and cooling rate conditions during NP synthesis [64
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Published 05 Jun 2025

Supramolecular hydration structure of graphene-based hydrogels: density functional theory, green chemistry and interface application

  • Hon Nhien Le,
  • Duy Khanh Nguyen,
  • Minh Triet Dang,
  • Huyen Trinh Nguyen,
  • Thi Bang Tam Dao,
  • Trung Do Nguyen,
  • Chi Nhan Ha Thuc and
  • Van Hieu Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 806–822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.61

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  • stacking in natural multilayer graphite [28]. Production processes convert multilayer graphite into single-layer graphene sheets dispersed in solvent medium. However, after the drying process, solvation shells of graphene sheets are removed, resulting in smaller distances between graphene sheets and larger
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Published 04 Jun 2025

Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

  • Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
  • Bindu Krishnan,
  • Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
  • David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
  • Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
  • Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

Graphical Abstract
  • disulfide (FeS2)) nanoparticles (NPs) of different morphologies using pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) in different organic solvents. The impact of the solvent on the morphological, compositional, and optical properties of the synthesized NPs is investigated by techniques such as transmission electron
  • microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. The morphology of the NPs in different solvents varied from spherical, rice-like to rod-like particles which demonstrates the effect of the solvent on the morphology/composition of NPs
  • film deposition technique where a substrate surface can be uniformly coated by spreading an evenly distributed layer of a desired material ink (in this case, NPs in a solvent) across the surface of the rotating substrate [30]. With these benefits, EPD and spin coating can be described as
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Published 03 Jun 2025

Serum heat inactivation diminishes ApoE-mediated uptake of D-Lin-MC3-DMA lipid nanoparticles

  • Demian van Straten,
  • Luuk van de Schepop,
  • Rowan Frunt,
  • Pieter Vader and
  • Raymond M. Schiffelers

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 740–748, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.57

Graphical Abstract
  • to a flowrate of 4 mL/min and a flow rate ratio of 3:1 (aqueous to solvent phase) to mix the phases. For C12 LNPs, the flow rate ratio was set to 2:1 with a total flow rate of 9 mL/min. After mixing, the LNP suspensions were dialyzed against PBS overnight using a dialysis cassette (Thermo Scientific
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Published 30 May 2025

Efficiency of single-pulse laser fragmentation of organic nutraceutical dispersions in a circular jet flow-through reactor

  • Tina Friedenauer,
  • Maximilian Spellauge,
  • Alexander Sommereyns,
  • Verena Labenski,
  • Tuba Esatbeyoglu,
  • Christoph Rehbock,
  • Heinz P. Huber and
  • Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 711–727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.55

Graphical Abstract
  • small peaks at higher retention times in the HPL chromatograms. The photochemical degradation could occur via two partially interacting pathways, namely, (I) direct damage by the particle fragmentation process or (II) indirect damage by ROS resulting either from the optical breakdown of the solvent or
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Published 26 May 2025

The impact of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane hole transport layer doping on interfacial charge extraction and recombination

  • Konstantinos Bidinakis and
  • Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 678–689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.52

Graphical Abstract
  • , with an oxygen flow of 10 L/min. Then, a 1 M methylammonium lead iodide (MAPI) precursor solution was prepared (lead iodide 99.99% trace metals basis from TCI, methylammonium iodide >99.99% from Greatcell solar) with the materials dissolved in a DMF/DMSO (4:1) solvent and spin-coated using a two-step
  • deposition method (500 rpm for 10 s and 4000 rpm for 25 s). A volume of 150 μL of toluene was used as anti-solvent 10 s into the second step. The perovskite was crystalized during a 100 °C annealing step for 30 min. For the cells that incorporated spiro-OMeTAD, we used a solution containing 72.3 mg spiro
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Published 21 May 2025

Aprepitant-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: a novel approach to enhance oral bioavailability

  • Mazhar Hussain,
  • Muhammad Farooq,
  • Muhammad Asad Saeed,
  • Muhammad Ijaz,
  • Sherjeel Adnan,
  • Zeeshan Masood,
  • Muhammad Waqas,
  • Wafa Ishaq and
  • Nabeela Ameer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 652–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.50

Graphical Abstract
  • as hot homogenization, cold homogenization, and solvent evaporation are used to prepare SLNs, but precipitation is the most compatible method for compound, polymer, and lipid. The precipitation method consists of dissolving the lipid with organic solvents and adding water to cause supersaturation of
  • dispersion. SEM studies Scanning electron micrographs of APT-CD-NP4 and APT-PX-NP8 shown in Figure 3 illustrate that polymeric content was deposited on the SLN surface because of organic solvents. After evaporation of the organic solvent, colloidal particles are closely packed. Dispersions in organic
  • continuous stirring at 1000 rpm for 1 h at 50 °C. From the suspension, the organic solvent was evaporated, and the suspension was frozen at −40 °C for 24 h and lyophilized at 1.1 mbar and −45 °C (FSF-10N-50A, China). The prepared APT-loaded SLNs were stored at 4 °C for further use [26]. The solubility of APT
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Published 15 May 2025

A formulation containing Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oil: improvement of biochemical parameters and oxidative stress in diabetic rats

  • Ailton Santos Sena-Júnior,
  • Cleverton Nascimento Santana Andrade,
  • Pedro Henrique Macedo Moura,
  • Jocsã Hémany Cândido dos Santos,
  • Cauãn Torres Trancoso,
  • Eloia Emanuelly Dias Silva,
  • Deise Maria Rego Rodrigues Silva,
  • Ênio Pereira Telles,
  • Luiz André Santos Silva,
  • Isabella Lima Dantas Teles,
  • Sara Fernanda Mota de Almeida,
  • Daniel Alves de Souza,
  • Jileno Ferreira Santos,
  • Felipe José Aidar Martins,
  • Ana Mara de Oliveira e Silva,
  • Sandra Lauton-Santos,
  • Guilherme Rodolfo Souza de Araujo,
  • Cristiane Bani Correa,
  • Rogéria De Souza Nunes,
  • Lysandro Pinto Borges and
  • Ana Amélia Moreira Lira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 617–636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.48

Graphical Abstract
  • , 0.25 μm film thickness) was used for compound separation, with helium as a 99.999% pure carrier gas (White Martins SA) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min and a split/splitless autoinjector. For the analysis, a solution of EOCF was prepared at a concentration of approximately 10 mg/mL using hexane as a solvent
  • 220 °C, detector temperature 240 °C, solvent cut-off time 2 min, electron ionization (EI) mode at 70 eV with a mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) range of 40 to 350 Da. The components of the essential oil were identified using their retention indices (RI), calculated for each constituent by injecting a series
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Published 07 May 2025

Polyurethane/silk fibroin-based electrospun membranes for wound healing and skin substitute applications

  • Iqra Zainab,
  • Zohra Naseem,
  • Syeda Rubab Batool,
  • Muhammad Waqas,
  • Ahsan Nazir and
  • Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 591–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.46

Graphical Abstract
  • hemostatic agent for trauma treatment [107]. Patil et al. explored three types of silk forms, namely, regular film, lamellar porous film, and electrospun silk nanofibers for wound dressings. Factors such as solvent solution, electric field intensity, spinning distance, and SF concentration affected the
  • and environmentally friendly PU synthesis route by replacing the common process of solvent-based PU synthesis. The emission of volatile organic compounds in synthesis and application can be avoided by adopting water-based PUs [147]. This has brought a shift in urethane research. WPUs have emerged as a
  • . They adjusted the electrospinning parameters, such as solvent ratios and polymer concentration, to produce homogenous
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Published 24 Apr 2025

Effect of additives on the synthesis efficiency of nanoparticles by laser-induced reduction

  • Rikuto Kuroda,
  • Takahiro Nakamura,
  • Hideki Ina and
  • Shuhei Shibata

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 464–472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.35

Graphical Abstract
  • produced by the breakdown of solvent molecules in a high-intensity reaction field near the focus of the laser. This unique reaction has the characteristic of being able to synthesize non-equilibrium solid–solution alloy nanoparticles. On the other hand, it is necessary to improve the synthesis efficiency
  • of various materials [18][19][20][21][22][23][24] using different mechanisms [25][26][27][28] have been conducted via LRL. High-energy ultrashort pulses focused and irradiated into a solution cause the breakdown of solvent molecules. Then, produced solvated electrons among reactive species reduce the
  • complete even after 30 min of laser irradiation, which was longer than the case without IPA. This is thought to be based on the fact that the relative permittivity of IPA (20.18) is lower than that of water (80.1) [35]. Then the efficiency of radical generation accompanying the decomposition of the solvent
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Published 27 Mar 2025

Engineered PEG–PCL nanoparticles enable sensitive and selective detection of sodium dodecyl sulfate: a qualitative and quantitative analysis

  • Soni Prajapati and
  • Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 385–396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.29

Graphical Abstract
  • release kinetics. After copolymerization, the reaction is terminated by dissolving the resulting copolymer in DCM, a solvent that allows the copolymer to remain in solution. The solution is then precipitated in cold diethyl ether, which helps to remove unreacted monomers and other impurities. This
  • 48.3 ± 16.4 nm (Figure 2d). The slight discrepancy in size measurements between TEM, SEM, and DLS can be attributed to the different operational principles of these techniques. DLS measures the hydrodynamic diameter, including the particle core and the layer of solvent molecules attached, leading to a
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Published 20 Mar 2025

Pulsed laser in liquid grafting of gold nanoparticle–carbon support composites

  • Madeleine K. Wilsey,
  • Teona Taseska,
  • Qishen Lyu,
  • Connor P. Cox and
  • Astrid M. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 349–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.26

Graphical Abstract
  • synthesis–attachment are long preparation times, the generation of hazardous organic solvent and ligand waste [15], and poor electrical contact at the nanoparticle–support interface, particularly for nanoparticles with surfactant-terminated surfaces [16]. Conventionally made nanoparticles rely on
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Published 07 Mar 2025

Fabrication and evaluation of BerNPs regarding the growth and development of Streptococcus mutans

  • Tuyen Huu Nguyen,
  • Hong Thanh Pham,
  • Kieu Kim Thanh Nguyen,
  • Loan Hong Ngo,
  • Anh Ngoc Tuan Mai,
  • Thu Hoang Anh Lam,
  • Ngan Thi Kim Phan,
  • Dung Tien Pham,
  • Duong Thuy Hoang,
  • Thuc Dong Nguyen and
  • Lien Thi Xuan Truong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 308–315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.23

Graphical Abstract
  • inhibitory activity against pathogenic bacteria have been reported. In 2022, Nguyen et al. fabricated berberine nanoparticles (BerNPs) by antisolvent precipitation (ASP) using glycerol as a safe organic solvent and evaluated their antibacterial activity on S. aureus and E. coli O157:H7 [12]. Additionally
  • demonstrated superior efficiency in producing nanoscale berberine. Tran et al. employed the ball milling technique to produce BerNPs, achieving a particle size of 570.7 nm [23]. Piri et al. utilized the anti-solvent precipitation method, yielding BerNPs with an average particle size of 75 nm [24]. BerNPs were
  • synthesized by ASP using glycerol as a safe organic solvent, resulting in BerNPs with a narrow size distribution and an average diameter of 156 nm [12]. Additionally, the high-pressure homogenization method reduced the average size of BerNPs to approximately 72.4 nm [25]. Numerous studies showed that smaller
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Published 27 Feb 2025

Enhancing mechanical properties of chitosan/PVA electrospun nanofibers: a comprehensive review

  • Nur Areisman Mohd Salleh,
  • Amalina Muhammad Afifi,
  • Fathiah Mohamed Zuki and
  • Hanna Sofia SalehHudin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 286–307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.22

Graphical Abstract
  • , and environment. For electrospinning, factors such as applied electric field, distance between the needle and collector, flow rate, and needle diameter affect the fabrication of the nanofibrous sample. Solution parameters include the types of solvent, polymer concentration, viscosity, and solution
  • electrospinning, and some of the important parameters to take into consideration are the molecular weight of each component, solubility of the solvents, temperature, and the polymer blend ratio [79]. The straightforward approach in preparing the solution is by directly mixing both polymers in the solvent system
  • , which can be either a single solvent [57] or a mixture of solvents [80][81] (Figure 5a). The polymers can also be prepared separately in separate solvent systems [82][83], and the solutions are subsequently mixed to form the final solution before electrospinning (Figure 5b). The latter involves more
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Published 26 Feb 2025

Preferential enrichment and extraction of laser-synthesized nanoparticles in organic phases

  • Theo Fromme,
  • Maximilian L. Spiekermann,
  • Florian Lehmann,
  • Stephan Barcikowski,
  • Thomas Seidensticker and
  • Sven Reichenberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 254–263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.20

Graphical Abstract
  • properties and surface chemistry of the gained colloids. The use of organic solvents as liquid may result in reactive LAL processes [1][10] that cause elements from the solvent molecules (and solutes) to be part of the final nanoparticle’s composition. The solvent decomposition induced by laser-based
  • liquid hydrocarbons such as pyrolysis products [15][16][17][18], polyynes [19][20][21], and dimers [13][22][23]. Furthermore, depending on the solvent and ablated material pairing, carbon may be “harvested” from the solvent forming crystalline carbides [24][25][26][27], amorphous carbon dopant [28][29
  • ], and/or carbon shells on the nanoparticle surface [7]. These carbon shells are either amorphous or graphitic [7][8][30], while doping of the shells [31] is also possible. Besides carbon formation, the choice of organic solvent influences the properties of the generated nanoparticles and process
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Published 20 Feb 2025

A review of metal-organic frameworks and polymers in mixed matrix membranes for CO2 capture

  • Charlotte Skjold Qvist Christensen,
  • Nicholas Hansen,
  • Mahboubeh Motadayen,
  • Nina Lock,
  • Martin Lahn Henriksen and
  • Jonathan Quinson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 155–186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.14

Graphical Abstract
  • , including regenerative solvent-based absorption [2][6], fixed-bed adsorption [7], cryogenic separation techniques [8], and membrane separation methods [9][10][11][12]. Of these, membrane technology offers advantages such as exceptional stability, high efficiency, low energy consumption, and ease of
  • enhancing CO2 capture in MOFs [55]. The formation of OMSs involves solvent removal upon activation, which establishes uncoordinated metal sites capable of adsorbing guest molecules reversibly [60]. A wide range of OMS-bearing MOFs, including NU-1000, MIL-101, and the M-MOF-74 isoreticular series (M = Mg, Ni
  • a thin layer atop a polymer support. Solvent removal following casting yields the finalized MOF-based MMM. This casting method is simple and cost-effective but is primarily relevant in small-scale applications. Asymmetric membranes can alternatively be prepared via phase inversion, where the
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Published 12 Feb 2025

Instance maps as an organising concept for complex experimental workflows as demonstrated for (nano)material safety research

  • Benjamin Punz,
  • Maja Brajnik,
  • Joh Dokler,
  • Jaleesia D. Amos,
  • Litty Johnson,
  • Katie Reilly,
  • Anastasios G. Papadiamantis,
  • Amaia Green Etxabe,
  • Lee Walker,
  • Diego S. T. Martinez,
  • Steffi Friedrichs,
  • Klaus M. Weltring,
  • Nazende Günday-Türeli,
  • Claus Svendsen,
  • Christine Ogilvie Hendren,
  • Mark R. Wiesner,
  • Martin Himly,
  • Iseult Lynch and
  • Thomas E. Exner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 57–77, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.7

Graphical Abstract
  • ). Transformation protocol nodes helped to understand which object (e.g., nanomaterial, biological test system, or solvent/medium) underwent a modification, but they made the separation between material and medium less obvious. These circumstances also raised the question as to whether materials and medium always
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Published 22 Jan 2025

A nanocarrier containing carboxylic and histamine groups with dual action: acetylcholine hydrolysis and antidote atropine delivery

  • Elina E. Mansurova,
  • Andrey A. Maslennikov,
  • Anna P. Lyubina,
  • Alexandra D. Voloshina,
  • Irek R. Nizameev,
  • Marsil K. Kadirov,
  • Anzhela A. Mikhailova,
  • Polina V. Mikshina,
  • Albina Y. Ziganshina and
  • Igor S. Antipin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 11–24, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.2

Graphical Abstract
  • added to the solution, and it was homogenized for 10 min in an ultrasonic bath. The solvent was then removed under reduced pressure. Then, solutions of Hist-RA (4 mM, 0.5 mL, PB, pH 8.5), CA-RA (8.8 mM, 0.5 mL, PB, pH 8.5), and BA (1.25 mM, 4 mL, PB, pH 8.5) were added, and then the synthesis was
  • Aesar, Acros, and Aldrich, respectively) were used for column calibration. The data was analyzed by Agilent GPC/SEC software. Synthesis of Hist-RA Histamine dihydrochloride (Hist×HCl, 0.66 g, 4.47 mmol) was dissolved in 10 mL of double-distilled water and adjusted to pH 10.75. The solvent was evaporated
  • stirred at 90 °C for 4 h. The solution was then cooled to room temperature, and 30 mL of chloroform was added. After evaporating the solvent under reduced pressure, 30 mL of diethyl ether was introduced, and the mixture was sonicated for 30 min. The product was subsequently filtered and washed with
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Published 09 Jan 2025
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