Efficiency of single-pulse laser fragmentation of organic nutraceutical dispersions in a circular jet flow-through reactor

• Tina Friedenauer,
• Maximilian Spellauge,
• Alexander Sommereyns,
• Verena Labenski,
• Tuba Esatbeyoglu,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Heinz P. Huber and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 711–727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.55

• yield of submicrometer particles and nanoparticles was quantified using UV–vis extinction spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and analytical centrifugation, while high-performance liquid chromatography determined degradation. We found improved fragmentation efficiency at lower mass

• concentrations. In all experiments, chemical degradation was minimal (<2%), and increased mass concentration of curcumin enabled ultralow by-product formation of 0.01%. The process selectivity against degradation was defined by the application-relevant descriptor of mole degradation per produced submicrometer

• lasers with a wavelength of 532 nm resulted in more degradation products compared to lasers with femtosecond pulse duration and a wavelength in the IR range [42]. Furthermore, using beclomethasone dipropionate as an example, it was also demonstrated that no submicrometer particles (SMPs) <1000 nm can be

Nanostructured materials characterized by scanning photoelectron spectromicroscopy

• Matteo Amati,
• Alexey S. Shkvarin,
• Alexander I. Merentsov,
• Alexander N. Titov,
• María Taeño,
• David Maestre,
• Sarah R. McKibbin,
• Zygmunt Milosz,
• Ana Cremades,
• Rainer Timm and
• Luca Gregoratti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 700–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.54

• working nanowire device under applied bias is desired. SPEM is an ideal tool for this task, as it provides topographic, chemical, and electronic information at the submicrometer scale with intrinsic surface sensitivity, even under electrical operando conditions [18]. While already conventional XPS can be

Vortex lattices of layered HTSCs at different vortex–vortex interaction potentials

• Valerii P. Lenkov,
• Anastasia N. Maksimova,
• Anna N. Moroz and
• Vladimir A. Kashurnikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 362–370, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.27

• qualitatively preserved. The obtained results can be useful for designing superconducting devices of micrometer and submicrometer size. For the potential from Equation 2, vortex lattice melting with increasing temperature was studied. For the potential from Equation 3, the formation of a vortex lattice was

Attempts to preserve and visualize protein corona on the surface of biological nanoparticles in blood serum using photomodification

• Julia E. Poletaeva,
• Anastasiya V. Tupitsyna,
• Alina E. Grigor’eva,
• Ilya S. Dovydenko and
• Elena I. Ryabchikova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1654–1666, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.130

• in their study since this method is the only method for direct visualization of submicrometer structures. We used negative staining of bio-NP samples, which allows one to see the particles and study their structure, as well as to assess the degree of contamination of the sample with impurities. The

Ultrablack color in velvet ant cuticle

• Vinicius Marques Lopez,
• Wencke Krings,
• Juliana Reis Machado,
• Stanislav Gorb and
• Rhainer Guillermo-Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1554–1565, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.122

• selected and may have evolved convergently across animal groups, including velvet ants. In addition to their role in color production, submicrometer-sized structures, when randomly distributed in size and position on (or in) a transparent material, can enhance light scattering. This scattering can

Laser synthesis of nanoparticles in organic solvents – products, reactions, and perspectives

• Theo Fromme,
• Sven Reichenberger,
• Katharine M. Tibbetts and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 638–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.54

• , and LRL yield nanoparticles as products, whereas LML creates submicrometer spheres. LAL, LFL, and LML process solids, whereas LRL employs solvates as precursors (Figure 1). In detail, LAL describes the laser irradiation of a macroscopic target and the subsequent removal of surface matter, which leads

Nanomedicines against Chagas disease: a critical review

• Maria Jose Morilla,
• Kajal Ghosal and
• Eder Lilia Romero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 333–349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.30

• self-nanoemulsified drug delivery systems (SNEDDSs). SNEEDSs provide a pediatric liquid formulation of BNZ, which is only marketed as solid tablets. SNEDDSs are isotropic mixtures of oil, surfactants, and co-surfactants that form submicrometer-droplet emulsions under agitation in water or

TEM sample preparation of lithographically patterned permalloy nanostructures on silicon nitride membranes

• Joshua Williams,
• Michael I. Faley,
• Joseph Vimal Vas,
• Peng-Han Lu and
• Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1–12, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.1

• submicrometer apertures were milled on SiN membranes using a focused ion beam. Furthermore, we have developed a new TEM sample preparation method, where we fabricated Py nanostructures on a bulk substrate with a SiN buffer layer and etched the substrate to create a thin SiN membrane under the Py nanostructure

• . Fences and edge roughness from the imperfect lift-off process were reported to influence the magnetic properties of nanostructures [22]. The third method, stencil lithography, makes use of a shadow mask, which was fabricated by milling submicrometer apertures on a conventional TEM grid using a focused

Hierarchically patterned polyurethane microgrooves featuring nanopillars or nanoholes for neurite elongation and alignment

• Lester Uy Vinzons,
• Guo-Chung Dong and
• Shu-Ping Lin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1157–1168, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.96

• alignment on the groove areas was observed. The enhanced neurite alignment on the hole–groove substrate could be due to the guidance effect of the submicrometer-wide spaces between the holes on the growth cone filopodia, amplifying the guidance effect of the steps on the groove areas (Figure 4J(iii

Biocatalytic synthesis and ordered self-assembly of silica nanoparticles via a silica-binding peptide

• Mustafa Gungormus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 280–290, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.25

• with NH3, the SiBP produces smaller and more uniformly distributed submicrometer particles. The SiBP also improves the long-range self-assembly of the as-grown particles into an opal-like structure by changing the surface charge, without any need for further modification or processing of the particles

• possible that SiBP binding to the particles results in the negligible effect on reaction rate and yield. All groups containing NH3 yielded spherical submicrometer particles characteristic to the Stöber method (Figure 3a–d). However, a decrease in average particle size and size distribution was observed

Hierachical epicuticular wax coverage on leaves of Deschampsia antarctica as a possible adaptation to severe environmental conditions

• Elena V. Gorb,
• Iryna A. Kozeretska and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 807–816, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.71

• prominent upper (outer) epicuticular wax layer composed of separate/interconnected wax projections of submicrometer size (ca. 0.8 μm long and ca. 40 nm thick), which are almost perpendicularly oriented to the epidermal surface, the distinctly furrowed leaf lamina surfaces of D. antarctica seem to be well

Micro- and nanotechnology in biomedical engineering for cartilage tissue regeneration in osteoarthritis

• Zahra Nabizadeh,
• Mahmoud Nasrollahzadeh,
• Hamed Daemi,
• Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad,
• Ali Akbar Shabani,
• Mehdi Dadashpour,
• Majid Mirmohammadkhani and
• Davood Nasrabadi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 363–389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.31

• different characteristics and kinds of behavior of compounds on submicrometer and nanometer scales and resulted in the development of new methods such as electrospinning, self-assembly, phase separation, nano-imprinting, and photolithography for the generation of new biomaterials with improved properties

A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment

• Senuri Kumarage,
• Imalka Munaweera and
• Nilwala Kottegoda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10

• particulate matter. Ge et al. developed an electrospun nanocomposite with rare earth-fused polyurethane to adsorb volatile organic compounds, which are air pollutants [16]. Al-Attabi et al. fabricated a nanohybrid for the submicrometer aerosol particle size filtration by doping wrinkled silica into PAN via

• application as an oil–water separators, owing to the high surface porosity, submicrometer pore sizes, high permeability, and the ability to control the membrane hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity effortlessly. The nanoscale surface roughness of the nanofibers of the membrane has a direct impact on the wetting

A photonic crystal material for the online detection of nonpolar hydrocarbon vapors

• Evgenii S. Bolshakov,
• Aleksander V. Ivanov,
• Andrei A. Kozlov,
• Anton S. Aksenov,
• Elena V. Isanbaeva,
• Sergei E. Kushnir,
• Aleksei D. Yapryntsev,
• Aleksander E. Baranchikov and
• Yury A. Zolotov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 127–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.9

• are a CCA of polystyrene submicrometer particles embedded in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer. The matrix interaction was responsible for the main mechanism, which was monitored by configuration changes of the photonic bandgap using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Results and Discussion

• electron microscopy. The investigated samples have an ordered lattice structure similar to crystals; therefore, the Bragg equation has been applied for the analysis. Since the diameter of particles in the lattice is in the submicrometer region, diffraction occurs in the visible spectrum, and it becomes

• exposed to aromatic solvents, sensor degradation is observed, but its linear direction should be noted. Experimental Materials Submicrometer particles from linear polystyrene have been synthesized in the Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies RTU MIREA [42]. The sensor matrix has been developed from PDMS

Bacterial safety study of the production process of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers

• Axel Steffen,
• Yu Xiong,
• Radostina Georgieva,
• Ulrich Kalus and
• Hans Bäumler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 114–126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.8

• of the salt template by adding ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) results in submicrometer hemoglobin particles. The resulting particles have an advantageous oxygen affinity and show a narrow size distribution of approx. 700 nm. In the first pre-clinical investigations it was shown that HbMP meet

The role of convolutional neural networks in scanning probe microscopy: a review

• Ido Azuri,
• Irit Rosenhek-Goldian,
• Neta Regev-Rudzki,
• Georg Fantner and
• Sidney R. Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 878–901, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.66

• videos approximately matched the experimental parameters for tracking submicrometer-scale particles in videos recorded from a light microscope [100][101]. A generative adversarial network (GAN) [102] comprises two adversarial networks, namely a generator network, which generates fake images that look

• learning and linear programming (an optimization method) for tracking single cells in live-cell imaging of both fluorescent and bright-field images of the cell cytoplasm [112]. Newby et al. developed a CNN for fully automated submicrometer-scale localization of particles such as viruses, proteins, and drug

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

A review of defect engineering, ion implantation, and nanofabrication using the helium ion microscope

• Frances I. Allen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 633–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.52

Electrochemical nanostructuring of (111) oriented GaAs crystals: from porous structures to nanowires

• Elena I. Monaico,
• Eduard V. Monaico,
• Veaceslav V. Ursaki,
• Shashank Honnali,
• Vitalie Postolache,
• Karin Leistner,
• Kornelius Nielsch and
• Ion M. Tiginyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 966–975, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.81

• Electrochemical technology became an established and cost-effective approach for the preparation of porous semiconductor matrices and arrays of nanowires with tailored architecture at the submicrometer scale [1][2][3]. Semiconductor nanotemplates provide many possibilities for nanofabrication through

Four self-made free surface electrospinning devices for high-throughput preparation of high-quality nanofibers

• Yue Fang and
• Lan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2261–2274, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.218

• high-throughput tipless electrospinning via a circular cylindrical electrode. Shin et al. [19] used a multiple vertical rod setup for needleless ES to fabricate submicrometer polymer fibers. Moon et al. developed a syringeless electrospinning technique with a helically probed rotating cylinder for

BergaCare SmartLipids: commercial lipophilic active concentrates for improved performance of dermal products

• Florence Olechowski,
• Rainer H. Müller and
• Sung Min Pyo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2152–2162, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.208

• temperature (Figure 5, lower row), and 65–70% at a stress temperature of 40 °C (Figure 5, upper row). More complex particle structures of SmartLipids lead to better incorporation and protection of active agents. Size of SmartLipids submicrometer particles – legal aspects By definition, nanoparticles possess a

• the number distribution. To avoid the linguistic confusions: technically the particles are nanoparticles but at the same time are legally not nanoparticles. Those particle populations should be classified as “submicrometer particles”. Submicrometer particles are in the size range between 100 nm and

• 1000 nm, nanoparticles are smaller than 100 nm. Hence, SmartLipids are submicrometer particles. Industrial production of SmartLipids - standard & customized products The production of SmartLipids is identical to that of SLNs and NLCs [22]. The lipid mixture is heated to approximately 5–10 °C above the

Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond for nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging applications

• Alberto Boretti,
• Lorenzo Rosa,
• Jonathan Blackledge and
• Stefania Castelletto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2128–2151, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.207

• NV magnetometer and the related MRI contrast. MRI contrast is thus correlated to submicrometer resolution and nanotesla sensitivity magnetic field measurements in biological samples. Molecular-imaging agents such as iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) can strongly influence MRI images with their

Lipid nanostructures for antioxidant delivery: a comparative preformulation study

• Elisabetta Esposito,
• Maddalena Sguizzato,
• Markus Drechsler,
• Paolo Mariani,
• Federica Carducci,
• Claudio Nastruzzi,
• Giuseppe Valacchi and
• Rita Cortesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1789–1801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.174

• acronyms are reported in Table 3. Photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) analysis Submicrometer particle analysis was performed using a Zetasizer Nano S90 device (Malvern Instruments, Malvern, England) equipped with a 5 mW helium neon laser with a wavelength output of 633 nm. The glassware was cleaned of

Precise local control of liquid crystal pretilt on polymer layers by focused ion beam nanopatterning

• Maxim V. Gorkunov,
• Irina V. Kasyanova,
• Vladimir V. Artemov,
• Alena V. Mamonova and
• Serguei P. Palto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1691–1697, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.164

• particular microscopic mechanism of this transformation is yet to be revealed, it is hard to underestimate the emerging application prospects. Modern FIB devices of deeply submicrometer resolution are digitally controlled with preprogrammed raster templates and can straightforwardly “imprint” arbitrary high

• formally infinite number of oscillating harmonics that are localized near the patterned substrate and exponentially decay at a distance of a fraction of the pattern period P, i.e., on the submicrometer scale. Consider now the two orthogonal linearly polarized light eigenstates propagating along the z-axis

• Equation 1 for the homogeneous background yields Above a stripe pattern, the first term in Equation 2, which is independent of x, provides the main contribution to the integral in Equation 4 while the remaining terms oscillating with x are negligible as they are localized in a submicrometer-thin surface

Influence of dielectric layer thickness and roughness on topographic effects in magnetic force microscopy

• Alexander Krivcov,
• Jasmin Ehrler,
• Marc Fuhrmann,
• Tanja Junkers and
• Hildegard Möbius

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1056–1064, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.106

• structures with submicrometer resolution [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Although the MFM signals in the so-called interleave mode are taken at a certain distance (lift height) from the sample, following the topography of the sample measured in a first scan, a total force is measured with unknown contributions