Enhancing mechanical properties of chitosan/PVA electrospun nanofibers: a comprehensive review

• Nur Areisman Mohd Salleh,
• Amalina Muhammad Afifi,
• Fathiah Mohamed Zuki and
• Hanna Sofia SalehHudin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 286–307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.22

• measures the maximum stress a material can withstand while being stretched before breaking and is one of the most critical mechanical properties of nanofibers. Tensile strength is usually tested using a universal testing machine (UTM), also known as tensile testing machine or tensile strength instrument

• and mounted between the grips of the UTM. The force is applied until the material ruptures, and the tensile strength is calculated based on the force per unit area. Unlike testing of bulk materials, tensile testing of electrospun materials with the characteristics of a thin, porous, and soft fibrous

• can be derived from the area under the stress–strain curve obtained during tensile testing. The tensile strength values can vary depending on the composition, polymer concentration, and electrospinning parameters. Different studies in the literature have shown inconsistent effects of chitosan-to-PVA

Electrospun polysuccinimide scaffolds containing different salts as potential wound dressing material

• Veronika Pálos,
• Krisztina S. Nagy,
• Rita Pázmány,
• Krisztina Juriga-Tóth,
• Bálint Budavári,
• Judit Domokos,
• Dóra Szabó,
• Ákos Zsembery and
• Angela Jedlovszky-Hajdu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 781–796, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.65

• (Bluehill 2, USA) were used to examine the mechanical properties of the electrospun scaffolds. The tensile testing was conducted at room temperature. The cut samples were 6 cm long and 1.5 cm wide, and a 1 mm/min pulling speed was applied in each case. The specific load capacity (Equation 1) and the

Wet-spinning of magneto-responsive helical chitosan microfibers

• Dorothea Brüggemann,
• Johanna Michel,
• Naiana Suter,
• Matheus Grande de Aguiar and
• Michael Maas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 991–999, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.83

• nanoparticles agglomerated into clusters inside the fiber matrix. The helical constructs exhibited a diameter of approximately 500 µm with one to two windings per millimeter. Due to their ferromagnetic properties they are easily attracted to a permanent magnet. The results from the tensile testing show that the

• distribution and on the overall scaffold magnetization. Subsequently, we analyzed the mechanical properties of our manually prepared helical fibers in a customized tensile testing machine, which was adapted for fiber testing under tensile loads. A representative force (N) vs deformation (nm) curve is shown in

• data were analyzed using the EasyVSM software, both embedded into the EZ9 device. Mechanical characterization of helical fibers Single filament tensile tests were performed according to the norms DIN EN 1007-4 and 1007-6. The fibers were tested in a self-made tensile testing machine equipped with a 1 N

Graphene composites with dental and biomedical applicability

• Sharali Malik,
• Felicite M. Ruddock,
• Adam H. Dowling,
• Kevin Byrne,
• Wolfgang Schmitt,
• Ivan Khalakhan,
• Yoshihiro Nemoto,
• Hongxuan Guo,
• Lok Kumar Shrestha,
• Katsuhiko Ariga and
• Jonathan P. Hill

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 801–808, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.73

• specimen was determined from three measurements taken using a digital micrometer accurate to 10 μm (Mitutoyo, Kawasaki, Japan). The compressive fracture strength of each specimen was made by applying a compressive load to the long axis of the specimen at a cross-head speed of 1 mm/min using a tensile

• testing apparatus (Instron Model 5565, High Wycombe, England). In order to mimic the oral environment, wet filter paper was placed on the flat ends of the specimen prior to testing [19]. The compressive fracture strength P (MPa) was calculated using Equation 1 [19], where Ff was the load at fracture (N

Single-step process to improve the mechanical properties of carbon nanotube yarn

• Maria Cecilia Evora,
• Xinyi Lu,
• Nitilaksha Hiremath,
• Nam-Goo Kang,
• Kunlun Hong,
• Roberto Uribe,
• Gajanan Bhat and
• Jimmy Mays

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 545–554, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.52

• ). CNT yarn is cylindrical and the diameter ranges between 50 a 60 µm. The tensile testing of the yarn samples were kept constant in terms of length of 25.4 mm. The morphology of CNT yarns was investigated using a Zeiss Auriga dual beam focused ion beam (FIB) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) in

Humidity-dependent wound sealing in succulent leaves of Delosperma cooperi – An adaptation to seasonal drought stress

• Olga Speck,
• Mark Schlechtendahl,
• Florian Borm,
• Tim Kampowski and
• Thomas Speck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 175–186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.20

• tests performed on a modified custom-made micro-tensile-testing device (Technical Workshop, Institute of Biology II/III, University of Freiburg, Germany, for details see [22]). The device was equipped with microstep motors with an accuracy of ±3 µm, a high precision linear table, a compression–tension

High-stress study of bioinspired multifunctional PEDOT:PSS/nanoclay nanocomposites using AFM, SEM and numerical simulation

• Alfredo J. Diaz,
• Hanaul Noh,
• Tobias Meier and
• Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2069–2082, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.207

• discussion of their relative properties and changes. Figure 2 shows a summary of the mechanical parameters for thick and thin samples using the same cantilever and characterizing the samples in a random sequence. It is known, from macroscopic tensile testing, that the addition of nanoclays increases the

Biomechanics of selected arborescent and shrubby monocotyledons

• Tom Masselter,
• Tobias Haushahn,
• Samuel Fink and
• Thomas Speck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1602–1619, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.154

• two aluminium plates (Figure 2C) at a distance of roughly 10 mm with all-purpose glue (Blitzschnelle Pipette, UHU, GmbH & Co KG, Bühl, Germany). Samples were kept in a box with wet paper tissue until testing to prevent the samples from drying. The tensile testing of the samples was performed at a

Determination of Young’s modulus of Sb₂S₃ nanowires by in situ resonance and bending methods

• Liga Jasulaneca,
• Raimonds Meija,
• Alexander I. Livshits,
• Juris Prikulis,
• Subhajit Biswas,
• Justin D. Holmes and
• Donats Erts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 278–283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.25

• curvature of the NW may result in additional errors. Bending methods using the AFM may suffer from slippage of the AFM tip over NW and the effects arising from the induced force in axial direction in case of double clamped NWs [21][22]. For in situ tensile testing precise alignment of the NW is a crucial

Tattoo ink nanoparticles in skin tissue and fibroblasts

• Colin A. Grant,
• Peter C. Twigg,
• Richard Baker and
• Desmond J. Tobin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1183–1191, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.120

• . Not only can the AFM be used to visualise the surfaces of a wide range of materials (under various environmental conditions and over a large temperature range) the probe can also be used as a nano-indenter to ascertain mechanical properties [20] or even to carry out tensile testing of fibrils [21] or

Deformation-induced grain growth and twinning in nanocrystalline palladium thin films

• Aaron Kobler,
• Jochen Lohmiller,
• Jonathan Schäfer,
• Michael Kerber,
• Anna Castrup,
• Ankush Kashiwar,
• Patric A. Gruber,
• Karsten Albe,
• Horst Hahn and
• Christian Kübel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 554–566, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.64

• , SXRD) experiments. Keywords: ACOM-TEM; deformation mechanism; nanostructured metals; tensile testing; XRD; Introduction Nanocrystalline (nc) metals and alloys exhibit different mechanical behavior compared to their coarse-grained counterparts [1]. They show extraordinary strength but often lack

• . However, this can be improved by sputtering onto compliant polyimide substrates to stabilize the specimens and to avoid strain localization during tensile testing [20][21][22]. Such samples were successfully used in the present work. The goal of the present work is to investigate the deformation processes

Plasticity of nanocrystalline alloys with chemical order: on the strength and ductility of nanocrystalline Ni–Fe

• Jonathan Schäfer and
• Karsten Albe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 542–553, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.63

• atomic scale computer simulations. By using a combination of Monte-Carlo and molecular dynamics methods we find that solutes have an ordering tendency even if grain sizes are in the nanometer regime, where the phase field of the ordered state is widened as compared to larger grain sizes. Tensile testing

Mechanical and thermal properties of bacterial-cellulose-fibre-reinforced Mater-Bi^® bionanocomposite

• Hamonangan Nainggolan,
• Saharman Gea,
• Emiliano Bilotti,
• Ton Peijs and
• Sabar D. Hutagalung

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 325–329, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.37

• and width of 2.95 mm and a gauge length of 30 mm, following the ASTM D638 method. Tensile tests were performed by using an Instron tensile testing machine according to ASTM D638 equipped with a 1 kN static load cell. The tests were used to measure Young’s modulus, tensile strength and elongation at

Plasticity of Cu nanoparticles: Dislocation-dendrite-induced strain hardening and a limit for displacive plasticity

• Antti Tolvanen and
• Karsten Albe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 173–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.17

• , where dislocation activity is suppressed, this path should dominate. Also in the tensile testing of twinned fcc Fe nanowires, a phase-transition path was reported as the dislocation activity is suppressed by the dense twin boundaries [6]. These findings raise a question: could there also be a size limit