Zeolite materials with Ni and Co: synthesis and catalytic potential in the selective hydrogenation of citral

• Inocente Rodríguez-Iznaga,
• Yailen Costa Marrero,
• Tania Farias Piñeira,
• Céline Fontaine,
• Lexane Paget,
• Beatriz Concepción Rosabal,
• Arbelio Penton Madrigal,
• Vitalii Petranovskii and
• Gwendoline Lafaye

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 520–529, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.40

• of the IE-prepared materials. The TPR profiles further revealed that the thermal reduction of isolated Co2+ and Ni2+ ions (compensation cations in extra-framework ionic positions) was facilitated in the bimetallic systems, likely because of the synergetic interaction of multiple species and a reduced

In situ magnesiothermic reduction synthesis of a Ge@C composite for high-performance lithium-ion batterie anodes

• Ha Tran Huu,
• Ngoc Phi Nguyen,
• Vuong Hoang Ngo,
• Huy Hoang Luc,
• Minh Kha Le,
• Minh Thu Nguyen,
• My Loan Phung Le,
• Hye Rim Kim,
• In Young Kim,
• Sung Jin Kim,
• Van Man Tran and
• Vien Vo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 751–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.62

• preparation routes, such as sputtering deposition [20], wet-chemical reduction [21][22], thermal reduction [23], colloidal synthesis [24], and molten-salt synthesis [25], metallothermic, especially magnesiothermic reduction, has been widely applied in the synthesis of group-IV elements to control the

A nonenzymatic reduced graphene oxide-based nanosensor for parathion

• Sarani Sen,
• Anurag Roy,
• Ambarish Sanyal and
• Parukuttyamma Sujatha Devi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 730–744, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.65

• excellent sensing matrices for detecting various analytes [11][21][22][23][28]. The "green synthesis" of graphene via electrochemical reduction is the most economical strategy for the mass production of graphene compared to chemical or thermal reduction of GO [27][29]. Since no hazardous chemicals (e.g

Influence of thickness and morphology of MoS₂ on the performance of counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells

• Lam Thuy Thi Mai,
• Hai Viet Le,
• Ngan Kim Thi Nguyen,
• Van La Tran Pham,
• Thu Anh Thi Nguyen,
• Nguyen Thanh Le Huynh and
• Hoang Thai Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 528–537, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.44

• investigated using various techniques such as chemical bath deposition [1], sputtering [2], hydrothermal synthesis [10][11][12][13], wet chemistry [14], thermal reduction [15], and electrodeposition (ED) [20]. Among these methods, ED shows many advances thank to its simplicity and rapidity. Additionally, it

Silver nanoparticles nucleated in NaOH-treated halloysite: a potential antimicrobial material

• Yuri B. Matos,
• Rodrigo S. Romanus,
• Mattheus Torquato,
• Edgar H. de Souza,
• Rodrigo L. Villanova,
• Marlene Soares and
• Emilson R. Viana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 798–807, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.63

• smaller than that of the silver peaks, suggesting no stacking of halloysite layers in the composite. Figure 4 shows TEM images of halloysite substrate samples and of samples that went through the thermal reduction of silver. Images of HNT-0, HNT-4, and HNT-8 (Figure 4a,c,e) show that the NaOH treatment

• opening of the nanotubes into nanosheets was a welcomed surprise, as it exposes the aluminol phase to silver nucleation. Thermal reduction of silver nanoparticles The TGA and DSC analysis results of HNT loaded with silver nitrate are presented in Figure 5. Since the by-products of silver nitrate reduction

• , while also highlighting the importance of controlling chemical affinity between surface and matrix of the nanoparticle, a fact often overlooked in nanoparticle research. The synthesis process presented in this work uses only common reactants, thermal reduction, and the inexpensive halloysite clay as

Nickel nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide/WO₃ nanocomposite – a promising candidate for gas sensing

• Ilka Simon,
• Alexandr Savitsky,
• Rolf Mülhaupt,
• Vladimir Pankov and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 343–353, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.28

• oxidation and thermal reduction process using natural graphite (type KFL 99.5 from AMG Mining AG, former Kropfmühl AG, Passau, Germany) as starting material. Graphite was oxidized according to [67]. Reduction of the graphite oxide was performed at 400 °C. Before using rGO in the nanoparticle synthesis, it

Electrochemically derived functionalized graphene for bulk production of hydrogen peroxide

• Munaiah Yeddala,
• Pallavi Thakur,
• Anugraha A and
• Tharangattu N. Narayanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 432–442, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.34

• be ≈45%. Hence such chemically modified graphene powders, which are proven to be dispersible in a variety of organic solvents [59], offer alternate possibilities towards existing metal-based peroxide generation technologies. Controlling the electronic properties via the thermal reduction method can

Kelvin probe force microscopy work function characterization of transition metal oxide crystals under ongoing reduction and oxidation

• Dominik Wrana,
• Karol Cieślik,
• Wojciech Belza,
• Christian Rodenbücher,
• Krzysztof Szot and
• Franciszek Krok

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1596–1607, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.155

• dioxide interaction and therefore mimic the operation conditions in real life applications. Results and Discussion The thermal reduction of a SrTiO3(100) crystal under reduced oxygen partial pressure (UHV conditions + an oxygen getter), assured by the extremely low oxygen partial pressure (ELOP) process

• comparable conductivity but notably different work functions. The reason behind this is that although undoped SrTiO3(100) is a band insulator, it could be easily self-doped with oxygen vacancies upon thermal reduction [28][30]. Reduction preferentially occurs at the surface, resulting in the reconstruction

• stability or work function on such faces, but it is justified to assume certain differences may be present between those facets, which are also influenced by the preferential removal of oxygen during thermal reduction. As TiO nanowires have a height of tens of nanometers and tip convolution may play a role

Construction of a 0D/1D composite based on Au nanoparticles/CuBi₂O₄ microrods for efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity

• Weilong Shi,
• Mingyang Li,
• Hongji Ren,
• Feng Guo,
• Xiliu Huang,
• Yu Shi and
• Yubin Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1360–1367, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.134

• photocatalyst consisting of Au nanoparticles (NPs) and CuBi2O4 microrods (Au/CBO) was designed and prepared by a simple thermal reduction–precipitation approach. It shows excellent photocatalytic performance in the degradation of tetracycline (TC). The maximum photocatalytic degradation rate constant for Au/CBO

• rationally designed and prepared by a facile in situ thermal reduction–precipitation method. The fabricated Au/CBO composites showed a higher photocatalytic activity in the removal of a typical antibiotic (tetracycline, TC, 10 mg/L) under visible-light irradiation (λ > 420 nm) than pristine CBO. Furthermore

• onto the surface of CBO by a facile simple thermal reduction–precipitation method. A certain amount of prepared CBO microrods was added to an aqueous solution of HAuCl4·4H2O. Afterward, the mixed solution was heated to boiling under continuous stirring for 10 min. The as-prepared product was washed and

Uniform cobalt nanoparticles embedded in hexagonal mesoporous nanoplates as a magnetically separable, recyclable adsorbent

• Can Zhao,
• Yuexiao Song,
• Tianyu Xiang,
• Wenxiu Qu,
• Shuo Lou,
• Xiaohong Yin and
• Feng Xin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1770–1781, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.168

• in their framework has become a quite possible strategy for introduction of metal nanoparticles onto the support. The metal cations might migrate across the interlayer space during the thermal reduction process at high temperature due to the weak van der Waals forces between the interlayer of the LDH

• shape and possess relatively high porosity, which is produced by the consumption of surface carbon during the thermal reduction of Co2+ ions with carbon from the carbonization of dopamine; (iii) hexagonal mesoporous NPLs show a strong magnetic response due to the well-dispersed Co nanoparticles embedded

Magnetic properties of Fe₃O₄ antidot arrays synthesized by AFIR: atomic layer deposition, focused ion beam and thermal reduction

• Juan L. Palma,
• Alejandro Pereira,
• Raquel Álvaro,
• José Miguel García-Martín and
• Juan Escrig

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1728–1734, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.164

• milling, and the subsequent thermal reduction of the antidot arrays. Magnetic characterizations were carried out by magneto-optic Kerr effect measurements, showing the enhancement of the coercivity for the antidot arrays. AFIR opens a new route to manufacture ordered antidot arrays of magnetic oxides with

• variable lattice parameters. Keywords: antidot arrays; atomic layer deposition; focused ion beam; magnetic properties; thermal reduction; Introduction Magnetic antidots, magnetic thin films with periodic arrays of holes, are currently an important topic for both the fundamental understanding of low

• [23] and colloidal [24] lithography, porous anodic alumina [25][26], block copolymer templates [27], nanochannel glass [28] and focused ion beam (FIB) patterning [29][30]. Recently, we have proposed the fabrication of disordered antidot arrays through the thermal reduction of thin films synthesized by

Electrostatic force spectroscopy revealing the degree of reduction of individual graphene oxide sheets

• Yue Shen,
• Ying Wang,
• Yuan Zhou,
• Chunxi Hai,
• Jun Hu and
• Yi Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1146–1155, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.106

• 0 < sample 1 ≈ sample 2 < sample 3 ≈ sample 4 < sample 5, which is almost consistent with the quantitative results shown by the parabola opening values. Therefore, chemical reduction with hydrazine monohydrate can reach a higher degree of reduction than thermal reduction without inert atmosphere

• . From the EFS measurements, we found that chemical reduction with hydrazine monohydrate can enable a higher degree of reduction than thermal reduction without inert atmosphere protection. Additionally, it was found that a further increase in the reduction temperature was not necessary when the GO sheets

• nanomaterials, which is critically important for further device applications. Experimental The samples under study were GO sheets prepared from graphite powder following a modified Hummers’ method [9][32][33][34][35]. Thermal reduction of GO sheets deposited on a substrate was carried out in an oven at 200 °C

Nanoscale mapping of dielectric properties based on surface adhesion force measurements

• Ying Wang,
• Yue Shen,
• Xingya Wang,
• Zhiwei Shen,
• Bin Li,
• Jun Hu and
• Yi Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 900–906, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.84

• vapour of hydrazine monohydrate (85 wt % in water, Sinopharm) in a sealed Petri dish at 80 °C for 1 h. Thermal reduction of GO was carried out in a vacuum oven at 180 °C for 15 min. A hybrid GO/RGO sample was made by depositing another drop of GO solution onto the substrate on which reduced GO had been

Synthesis of metal-fluoride nanoparticles supported on thermally reduced graphite oxide

• Alexa Schmitz,
• Kai Schütte,
• Vesko Ilievski,
• Juri Barthel,
• Laura Burk,
• Rolf Mülhaupt,
• Junpei Yue,
• Bernd Smarsly and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2474–2483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.247

• reduction. During the thermal reduction of graphite oxide by flash pyrolysis, the decomposition of epoxy, carbonyl and carboxyl groups accounts for a build-up of pressure that exfoliates functionalized graphene [4]. In 1958, Hummers and Offeman reported on a ”graphene” synthesis by oxidation of graphite

• with sodium nitrate, potassium permanganate and sulfuric acid followed by thermal reduction through rapid heating under nitrogen to 300–1000 °C [5], yielding thermally reduced graphite oxide (TRGO) as a graphene-type material (Scheme S1, Supporting Information File 1) [6]. The thermal reduction results

• metals are readily immobilized on graphene oxide by means of cation exchange with carboxylic acid groups, followed by thermal reduction to produce metal nanoparticles supported on functionalized graphene. Such palladium nanoparticles supported on graphene were used as highly active catalysts for the

Hierarchically structured nanoporous carbon tubes for high pressure carbon dioxide adsorption

• Julia Patzsch,
• Deepu J. Babu and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1135–1144, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.115

• show outstanding elasticity and mechanical strength. A Young’s modulus of 600 GPa was measured for SiC wires [18][19]. Different templating methods were used for structuring such as the two-step synthesis using preceramic polymers as precursors (e.g., polycarbosilanes) [13][20][21], carbo-thermal

• reduction at high temperatures (≈1300 °C) [22][23] or magnesio-thermic reduction at moderate temperatures (≈700 °C) [24]. Following these approaches, SiC nanotubes were successfully synthesized by reaction with CNTs [25][26], with porous aerogels [27], fibres [28], and ordered mesoporous SiC structures

Fully scalable one-pot method for the production of phosphonic graphene derivatives

• Kamila Żelechowska,
• Marta Prześniak-Welenc,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Izabela Kondratowicz and
• Tadeusz Miruszewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1094–1103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.111

• to obtain the graphene-type material with comparable electrical properties without additional reduction processes, such as thermal reduction. Moreover, the activation energy calculated from the slope of the plotted line in Figure 10 is equal to 0.014 eV. The reported values for different graphene

Synthesis of graphene–transition metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles and their application in various fields

• Arpita Jana,
• Elke Scheer and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 688–714, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.74

• . have prepared α-Fe2O3 NP anchored graphene hybrid materials by hydrothermal methods which have good cycling performance and enhanced rate capability [145]. A 3D network of free-standing hollow Fe2O3–graphene has been fabricated by vacuum filtration and a thermal reduction process. This network shows

Carbon nanotube-wrapped Fe₂O₃ anode with improved performance for lithium-ion batteries

• Guoliang Gao,
• Yan Jin,
• Qun Zeng,
• Deyu Wang and
• Cai Shen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 649–656, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.69

• sol–gel method to prepare graphene-wrapped Fe2O3, which demonstrated an excellent capacity retention of 777 mAh·g−1 at a current density of 100 mA·g−1 after 30 cycles. Wang et al. [29] synthesized Fe2O3/GCNTs via a hydrothermal synthesis method and subsequent thermal reduction. The synthesized Fe2O3

Synthesis and applications of carbon nanomaterials for energy generation and storage

• Marco Notarianni,
• Jinzhang Liu,
• Kristy Vernon and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 149–196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.17

• thermal reduction of graphene oxide. Graphene oxide (GO) is a semiconducting material originating from graphene research and can be considered a precursor of the graphene synthesis by chemical or thermal reduction [84][85][98][99]. It has recently attracted significant interest because of its potential as

• the possibility to easily identify all the species and their percentage values in the material (Figure 20) [116][117]. The thermal reduction of GO is usually carried out by annealing films or powders in the presence of inert or reducing gases or in vacuum. The annealing temperature certainly affects

• community to make the chemical or thermal reduction processes of GO effective; however, the final product is still lacking in terms of quality when compared to pristine graphene. It should be mentioned that mildly oxidized GO has been recently proposed because it could preserve the conjugated structure with

Cathode lens spectromicroscopy: methodology and applications

• T. O. Menteş,
• G. Zamborlini,
• A. Sala and
• A. Locatelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1873–1886, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.198

• thermal reduction with LEEM and LEED was crucial in understanding the reversible changes in thin magnetite and hematite films grown on several substrates [75]. In particular, annealing in UHV led to substrate-dependent transformations of the iron oxide thin film: from hematite to magnetite on a Pt(111

Preparation of electrochemically active silicon nanotubes in highly ordered arrays

• Tobias Grünzel,
• Young Joo Lee,
• Karsten Kuepper and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 655–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.73

• pore walls of an anodic alumina template, followed by a thermal reduction with lithium vapor. This thermal reduction is quantitative, homogeneous over macroscopic samples, and it yields amorphous silicon and lithium oxide, at the exclusion of any lithium silicides. The reaction is characterized by

• depend on the geometry. Keywords: atomic layer deposition; electrochemistry; lithium ion battery electrode; silica thermal reduction; silicon nanotubes; Introduction A significant research and development effort has been dedicated to the positive electrode materials of lithium ion batteries [1]. In

• thermal reduction of silicon dioxide to silicon by lithium vapor. The lithium oxide byproduct is removed subsequently. The reduction, performed under argon at 670 °C, is quantitative, homogeneous and well-behaved, in that the product contains neither remnants of silicon oxide nor any lithium silicide, as