Nanotechnological approaches for efficient N2B delivery: from small-molecule drugs to biopharmaceuticals

• Selin Akpinar Adscheid,
• Akif E. Türeli,
• Nazende Günday-Türeli and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1400–1414, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.113

• well-studied tight junction opening abilities of chitosan [85]. In another study on the mucoadhesion and permeation properties of materials, a thiolated cellulose was synthesized and used for delivering a model drug, enoxaparin. The authors reported that thiolation increased mucoadhesion by a factor of

Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications

• Padmavati Sahare,
• Paulina Govea Alvarez,
• Juan Manual Sanchez Yanez,
• Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas,
• Samik Chakraborty,
• Sujay Paul and
• Miriam Estevez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15

• small size of nanomaterials enables them to permeate through biological barriers in the body, such as the blood–brain barrier, the pulmonary system, and through the tight junction of endothelial cells of the skin. The main goal of loading drugs on nanomaterials is the delivery to specific target cells

Effects of gold and PCL- or PLLA-coated silica nanoparticles on brain endothelial cells and the blood–brain barrier

• Aniela Bittner,
• Angélique D. Ducray,
• Hans Rudolf Widmer,
• Michael H. Stoffel and
• Meike Mevissen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 941–954, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.95

• Figure 4B. Neither Si- nor Au-NPs led to differences in activation or expression of NF-κB. Both forms could be detected for this protein (Figure 4C). Expression of tight-junction proteins in rBCEC4 cells Immunofluorescence staining and TEM were used to demonstrate the expression of important BBB

• -characteristics, namely tight junction (TJ) formation, in rBCEC4 cells. Both, the TJ-associated protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and the TJ protein occludin, resulted in positive staining (Figure 5A,B). TEM pictures corroborated the formation of TJs between single rBCEC4 cells in a cell monolayer (Figure 5C). A

Development of an advanced diagnostic concept for intestinal inflammation: molecular visualisation of nitric oxide in macrophages by functional poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres

• Kathleen Lange,
• Christian Lautenschläger,
• Maria Wallert,
• Stefan Lorkowski,
• Andreas Stallmach and
• Alexander Schiller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1637–1641, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.163

• approach is based on the epithelial barrier dysfunction of the intestine during intestinal inflammation. The intestinal barrier shows an increased permeability by disabled tight junction proteins, alterations in the thickness and composition of the mucus. Thus, particles penetrate and accumulate only into

Low uptake of silica nanoparticles in Caco-2 intestinal epithelial barriers

• Dong Ye,
• Mattia Bramini,
• Delyan R. Hristov,
• Sha Wan,
• Anna Salvati,
• Christoffer Åberg and
• Kenneth A. Dawson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1396–1406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.141

• and bioavailability of compounds in drug delivery. In vitro drug transport studies with differentiated Caco-2 barriers are usually performed using transwell systems that allow distinguishing the apical and basal side of the developed monolayer, after polarisation and tight junction expression have

• days of culture is needed for the full establishment of a polarised barrier with fully developed tight junction expression. We exposed the cultures to the two sizes of SiO2-NPs, in both cases with an excess of particles compared to the number of cells and at the same concentration (in mass per volume

• 4 days of culture; polarisation and tight junction expression were fully developed after 21 days. For flow cytometry experiments, cells were seeded in 12-well plates (approximately 3.9 cm2 growth area), and the cell density adjusted for the larger growth area in order to achieve similar growth

Tight junction between endothelial cells: the interaction between nanoparticles and blood vessels

• Yue Zhang and
• Wan-Xi Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 675–684, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.60

• blood vessels, which are the sites of phosphorylation of tight junction proteins (claudins, occludins, and ZO (Zonula occludens)) proteins, oxidative stress and shear stress. We propose a connection between the presence of nanoparticles and the regulation of the tight junction, which might be the key

• approach for nanoparticles to penetrate endothelial layers and then have an impact on other tissues and organs. Keywords: blood vessels; endothelial cells; nanoparticles; oxidative stress; tight junction; Introduction Products related to nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly growing in number. We can

• vessels, in particular about (1) NPs pass through the endothelial layer of blood vessels and (2) NPs cause cytotoxicity in surrounding tissues under the endothelial layer. Endothelial cells and tight junction The endothelium provides a thin layer of cells that covers the internal surface of blood vessels