N₂⁺-implantation-induced tailoring of structural, morphological, optical, and electrical characteristics of sputtered molybdenum thin films

• Usha Rani,
• Kafi Devi,
• Divya Gupta and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 495–509, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.38

• charge carriers. Ion implantation may also create localized states within the film, causing some charge carriers to become trapped. This affects the charge transport mechanism, leading to slight nonlinearities. The ion implantation causes modifications in the grain structure of the molybdenum thin films

Photocatalytic methane oxidation over a TiO₂/SiNWs p–n junction catalyst at room temperature

• Qui Thanh Hoai Ta,
• Luan Minh Nguyen,
• Ngoc Hoi Nguyen,
• Phan Khanh Thinh Nguyen and
• Dai Hai Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1132–1141, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.92

• reactor. Plausible charge transport mechanism Figure 8 shows a schematic mechanism of the photocatalytic activity of the p–n TiO2/SiNWs hierarchical structures. According to previous studies the energy bandgaps of p-Si and n-type TiO2 were assumed to be 1.1 eV and 3.3 eV, respectively [54][55][56

Entry of nanoparticles into cells and tissues: status and challenges

• Kirsten Sandvig,
• Tore Geir Iversen and
• Tore Skotland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1017–1029, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.83

• support such an active transport mechanism was based on comparing data from normal mice with those obtained using the “Zombie” mouse model, in which the whole animal was fixed by transcardiac perfusion with a solution containing formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde. We have discussed earlier several issues we

Development and characterization of potential larvicidal nanoemulsions against Aedes aegypti

• Jonatas L. Duarte,
• Leonardo Delello Di Filippo,
• Anna Eliza Maciel de Faria Mota Oliveira,
• Rafael Miguel Sábio,
• Gabriel Davi Marena,
• Tais Maria Bauab,
• Cristiane Duque,
• Vincent Corbel and
• Marlus Chorilli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 104–114, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.10

• a transport exponent value (n) of 0.3, indicating a release mechanism primarily driven by Fickian diffusion [44]. The free terpenes exhibited a value of 0.6, suggesting an anomalous transport mechanism for drug release. This mechanism involves a combination of diffusion and dissolution processes for

Overview of mechanism and consequences of endothelial leakiness caused by metal and polymeric nanoparticles

• Magdalena Lasak and
• Karol Ciepluch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 329–338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.28

• channels. The discovery of N-TECs creates new therapeutic possibilities, which requires more in-depth knowledge of these cells, their morphology and physiology, and the receptors involved in this transport mechanism [30]. Nevertheless, some limitations resulting from transcellular transport should be

• halted cellular activity using perfusion with a fixative, which allowed researchers to separate the passive and active transport mechanisms [31]. Nevertheless, research currently confirms the existence of a completely different active transport mechanism of NPs across the endothelium that is unrelated to

• the possibility of side effects and pathology of using them. The main functions of endothelial cells. Two main routes to transport NPs across the endothelium, namely the transcellular route and the paracellular route. NanoEL: active transport mechanism of NPs across the endothelium that is unrelated

Straight roads into nowhere – obvious and not-so-obvious biological models for ferrophobic surfaces

• Wilfried Konrad,
• Christoph Neinhuis and
• Anita Roth-Nebelsick

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1345–1360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.111

• network flow of water molecules is formed whose upper end is fastened within the leaves where transpiration takes place at the living leaf cells. From there it “hangs down” through twigs, trunks, stem and roots into the ground water. The stability of this transport mechanism relies on the comparatively

Impact of device design on the electronic and optoelectronic properties of integrated Ru-terpyridine complexes

• Max Mennicken,
• Sophia Katharina Peter,
• Corinna Kaulen,
• Ulrich Simon and
• Silvia Karthäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 219–229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.16

• distance between two AuNPs, while in longer wires thermally activated hopping is the dominant transport mechanism. This finding is in notable agreement with reports from other groups [31][32][36]. Thus, the respective device design of Ru(TP)2-based devices with roughly comparable dimensions in the

• performance is sensibly determined by the molecule functionality and depends strongly upon the chosen device design, which can be used to define the transport mechanism. The use of long Ru(TP)2-complex wires bridging 8 to 20 nm gaps between nanoelectrodes results in hopping conduction with a low transport

• of gold nanoparticles and contacted by nanoelectrodes. The resulting small-area nanodevices were thoroughly electrically characterized as a function of temperature and light exposure. Differences in the resulting device conductance could be attributed to the device design and the respective transport

Electrical, electrochemical and structural studies of a chlorine-derived ionic liquid-based polymer gel electrolyte

• Ashish Gupta,
• Amrita Jain,
• Manju Kumari and
• Santosh K. Tripathi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1252–1261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.92

• tabulated in Table 2. Dielectric studies are some of the most important techniques to understand the effect of plasticizers, blending of polymers, inter-/intramolecular interactions, their transport mechanism, and relaxation behavior at a molecular level. Figure 6a and Figure 6b show the dielectric constant

A biomimetic nanofluidic diode based on surface-modified polymeric carbon nitride nanotubes

• Kai Xiao,
• Baris Kumru,
• Lu Chen,
• Lei Jiang,
• Bernhard V. K. J. Schmidt and
• Markus Antonietti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1316–1323, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.130

• alert its other leaves to begin anticipatory defense responses by Ca2+ ion transport [4]. A very significant ion-transport mechanism based on Na+ and K+ across cell membranes results in the generation of the action potential, which plays a crucial role in the sensory system of intelligent life [5]. In

The role of the Ge mole fraction in improving the performance of a nanoscale junctionless tunneling FET: concept and scaling capability

• Hichem Ferhati,
• Fayçal Djeffal and
• Toufik Bentrcia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1856–1862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.177

• outperforms considerably the conventional counterparts, with 58% improvement regarding the subthreshold swing factor and 54% enhancement in terms of the ION/IOFF ratio. The optimized design improves the device tunneling performance, not only through a more effective carrier-transport mechanism, but also

Review: Electrostatically actuated nanobeam-based nanoelectromechanical switches – materials solutions and operational conditions

• Liga Jasulaneca,
• Jelena Kosmaca,
• Raimonds Meija,
• Jana Andzane and
• Donats Erts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 271–300, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.29

• well as on the band structure of contacting materials [86], and can be modulated by an applied source–drain bias in the on state of a NEM switch. For example, the change in the transport mechanism from direct tunnelling at low drain bias to FN tunnelling at the higher drain bias was shown for a Pd–MoS2

The role of ligands in coinage-metal nanoparticles for electronics

• Ioannis Kanelidis and
• Tobias Kraus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2625–2639, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.263

• ) to 750 S/cm as illustrated in Figure 5. The temperature profiles of the studied films all showed linear changes in conductivity that indicate a classical Arrhenius-type activated charge-carrier transport mechanism [114]. 3.2 Linking Functional ligands that cross-link particles after their deposition

(Metallo)porphyrins for potential materials science applications

• Lars Smykalla,
• Carola Mende,
• Michael Fronk,
• Pablo F. Siles,
• Michael Hietschold,
• Georgeta Salvan,
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn,
• Oliver G. Schmidt,
• Tobias Rüffer and
• Heinrich Lang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1786–1800, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.180

• implementation of ferromagnetic substrates would enable interesting physical phenomena such as spintronic capabilities. On the other hand, the possibility of choosing different thicknesses of CuTPP(OMe)4 allows for a quantitative investigation of the transport properties in order to identify dominant transport

• mechanism of the organic material. A shadow mask during deposition was employed to avoid additional photolithography processing. This shadow mask also allows for the formation of thin molecular dendrites and even single dendrites on the Ni surface (Figure 2). The growth conditions of the dendrites were

Process-specific mechanisms of vertically oriented graphene growth in plasmas

• Subrata Ghosh,
• Shyamal R. Polaki,
• Niranjan Kumar,
• Sankarakumar Amirthapandian,
• Mohamed Kamruddin and
• Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1658–1670, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.166

• dissociates under plasma and forms reactive radicals/ions. Transport mechanism of these plasma species and growth kinetics of carbon nanomaterials in PECVD has been extensively explained by Munoz and co-workers [26]. The density and energy of these plasma species depend on the plasma power, position of the

Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and thermogravimetric analysis of two series of substituted (metallo)tetraphenylporphyrins

• Rasha K. Al-Shewiki,
• Carola Mende,
• Roy Buschbeck,
• Pablo F. Siles,
• Oliver G. Schmidt,
• Tobias Rüffer and
• Heinrich Lang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1191–1204, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.121

• by a knowledge-based approach. Along with a preliminary work of us, we noticed that “[…]the electrical analysis and the understanding of the underlying transport mechanism become important for future implementation of porphyrin-based (spintronic) devices.[…]” [8]. It was thus desired to have access

Nanoantenna-assisted plasmonic enhancement of IR absorption of vibrational modes of organic molecules

• Alexander G. Milekhin,
• Olga Cherkasova,
• Sergei A. Kuznetsov,
• Ilya A. Milekhin,
• Ekatherina E. Rodyakina,
• Alexander V. Latyshev,
• Sreetama Banerjee,
• Georgeta Salvan and
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 975–981, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.99

• phthalocyanines. These molecules also offer the possibility of changing the spin-dependent transport mechanism by slightly modifying the molecular structure [6]. It has been previously shown that the molecular structure of a magnetic material can be probed by various spectroscopic techniques [11]. Under

Graphene–polymer coating for the realization of strain sensors

• Carmela Bonavolontà,
• Carla Aramo,
• Massimo Valentino,
• Giampiero Pepe,
• Sergio De Nicola,
• Gianfranco Carotenuto,
• Angela Longo,
• Mariano Palomba,
• Simone Boccardi and
• Carosena Meola

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 21–27, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.3

• transport mechanism should be taken into account, yielding a dependence of the conductivity on the configuration of overlap area and contact resistance of the platelets. The graphene-based layer can be considered as a granular system consisting of metal grains embedded in an insulating matrix and its

• factor on the order of 50. The electrical features are consistent with an intergrain electrical transport mechanism among graphene platelets undergoing strain solicitations. The tensile strain of the PMMA/graphene structure during the bending test was confirmed by IRT and μ-RS measurements. The strain

Obtaining and doping of InAs-QD/GaAs(001) nanostructures by ion beam sputtering

• Sergei N. Chebotarev,
• Alexander S. Pashchenko,
• Leonid S. Lunin,
• Elena N. Zhivotova,
• Georgy A. Erimeev and
• Marina L. Lunina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 12–20, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.2

• 0.5 V, the second region ranges from 0.5 to 2 V. In our opinion the main transport mechanism in region 1 is thermionic emission. In this way charges jump from quantum dot energy levels to the conduction band of the barrier layers. In region 1 the I–V curves of all samples have saturation regions near

• the barrier layer to 1018 cm−3 reduces the voltage at which the change of the transport mechanism can been observed to 0.47 V. Conclusion The results of the experimental studies of crystallization of InAs-QD/GaAs(001) quantum-dot nanoheterostructures obtained by ion beam sputtering are presented and

Nanostructured SnO₂–ZnO composite gas sensors for selective detection of carbon monoxide

• Paul Chesler,
• Cristian Hornoiu,
• Susana Mihaiu,
• Cristina Vladut,
• Jose Maria Calderon Moreno,
• Mihai Anastasescu,
• Carmen Moldovan,
• Bogdan Firtat,
• Costin Brasoveanu,
• George Muscalu,
• Ion Stan and
• Mariuca Gartner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2045–2056, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.195

• interconnected, and the charge transport mechanism through the oxide film remains unaffected. The films are highly transparent, noticeable as the gold interdigital electrodes are visible through the film. The film grains for the composite samples S2, S3 and S4 were identified with dimensions in the sub-μm range

Nanostructured germanium deposited on heated substrates with enhanced photoelectric properties

• Ionel Stavarache,
• Valentin Adrian Maraloiu,
• Petronela Prepelita and
• Gheorghe Iordache

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1492–1500, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.142

• devices individually or with other materials, hence the possibility of fabricating various heterojunctions on Si, glass or flexible substrates for future development of Si-based integrated optoelectronics. Keywords: germanium nanoparticle; photocurrent; photodetectors; response time; transport mechanism

• co-workers [35]. This approach is reported also in the research led by W. Little et al. which assigns the light emission in Ge-nps to the presence of oxygen-terminated nanoparticles [36]. In Figure 5, the transport mechanism that takes place in this kind of structures is described schematically. In

• resistance. A rather similar transport mechanism was suggested as a result of the analysis conducted by B. C. Hsu and co-workers [38]. When the photodetector test structure is illuminated with integral light at reverse bias, a significant increase of the current density by a factor of about 103 is observed

Effects of electronic coupling and electrostatic potential on charge transport in carbon-based molecular electronic junctions

• Richard L. McCreery

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 32–46, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.4

• transport mechanism, the similarity between Figure 7B and various experimental β plots should be considered qualitative. Although the model structure is significantly simplified compared to the real carbon/oligomer/carbon MJ, tH−2/H−3 determined for G9–molecule–G9 structures is at least a guide toward

Conductance through single biphenyl molecules: symmetric and asymmetric coupling to electrodes

• Karthiga Kanthasamy and
• Herbert Pfnür

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1690–1697, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.171

• , diodes and logic switches [1]. Two decades after the proposal from Aviram and Ratner describing the molecular junction as p-n diodes [2] the experimental research in the field of molecular electronics [3] emerged. Even today, our understanding of the fundamental properties and charge transport mechanism

Current–voltage characteristics of manganite–titanite perovskite junctions

• Benedikt Ifland,
• Patrick Peretzki,
• Birte Kressdorf,
• Philipp Saring,
• Andreas Kelling,
• Michael Seibt and
• Christian Jooss

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1467–1484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.152

• ] is confirmed in the dark and under illumination, exemplifying the self-consistency of the Shockley-based analysis. Furthermore, the temperature dependence of the characteristic parameters of the equivalent circuit provides insight into the transport mechanism in the junction and across the interface

• semiconductor 1 and 2, named Vbi,1 and Vbi,2 A model for the electronic structure of the interface has been developed by Anderson et al., assuming a sharp junction with band discontinuities [30]. For the derivation of the J–V curve, it is assumed that the transport mechanism is governed by injection over the

• dependence of these parameters gives additional information about the electronic structure of the p–n interface and the transport mechanism across the interface. In inorganic junctions, the temperature dependence of the open circuit voltage is given by for JS << JSC. For a heterojunction, the low temperature

Multiscale modeling of lithium ion batteries: thermal aspects

• Arnulf Latz and
• Jochen Zausch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 987–1007, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.102

• conditions, mass convection can be excluded as transport mechanism, but will always be a possibility in a systematic theory. Especially, if there are side reactions leading to film growth or convective gas transport after electrolyte degradation, convective transport might be initiated as a consequence. In

Electrical contacts to individual SWCNTs: A review

• Wei Liu,
• Christofer Hierold and
• Miroslav Haluska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2202–2215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.229

• process and their effect on the device with respect to resistance are summarized. Finally, the challenges in obtaining high-performance CNFETs are discussed, covering the reproducibility, long term stability of electrical contact properties, and large-scale fabrication options. Carrier transport mechanism