Tailoring of physical properties of RF-sputtered ZnTe films: role of substrate temperature

• Kafi Devi,
• Usha Rani,
• Arun Kumar,
• Divya Gupta and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 333–348, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.25

• of films with substrate temperature [42]. Grain boundaries have a significant effect on the electric transport properties in polycrystalline films. Grain boundaries are growth process-dependent phenomena and have a large number of charge-trapping centres. Thus, grain boundaries reduce the mobility of

Emerging strategies in the sustainable removal of antibiotics using semiconductor-based photocatalysts

• Yunus Ahmed,
• Keya Rani Dutta,
• Parul Akhtar,
• Md. Arif Hossen,
• Md. Jahangir Alam,
• Obaid A. Alharbi,
• Hamad AlMohamadi and
• Abdul Wahab Mohammad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 264–285, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.21

• generation of holes and electrons. Specifically, it contributed 70.1% of the holes and 29.9% of the electrons, in comparison to Co-doped TiO2 and N-doped TiO2 [60]. This can be attributed to the electron-trapping capabilities of Co ions, which enhance charge transfer and facilitate highly efficient electron

• , the photocatalytic TC degradation performance decreased to 66.82% when the catalyst loading was increased to 20 mg/L. The stability of the nanocomposite photocatalyst remained at 94.45% after 4th cycle of reuse. Trapping analysis showed that scavengers reduced the photodegradation rates. Bismuth

Recent advances in photothermal nanomaterials for ophthalmic applications

• Jiayuan Zhuang,
• Linhui Jia,
• Chenghao Li,
• Rui Yang,
• Jiapeng Wang,
• Wen-an Wang,
• Heng Zhou and
• Xiangxia Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 195–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.16

• via non-radiative relaxation, resulting in localized lattice heating [76][77]. Therefore, semiconductors with narrow bandgaps typically show broad absorption spectra and high efficiency in photon trapping. In contrast, wide-bandgap semiconductors have a more limited range of light absorption and less

• treatment of chronic ocular diseases, as well as the “explosive release” of passive drug delivery systems [116]. Furthermore, photothermal drug delivery systems can be surface-modified to prolong drug residence time, improve mobility, avoid trapping, and provide targeting capabilities, which helps to

• order to limit the ablation to the ILM more precisely, it is necessary to avoid ICG obstruction and trapping by the vitreous collagen network (the surface charge of ICG NPs should be negative or neutral, and the size of the ICG NPs should be less than 550 nm), as well as to avoid ICG crossing the ILM to

Bioinspired nanofilament coatings for scale reduction on steel

• Siad Dahir Ali,
• Mette Heidemann Rasmussen,
• Jacopo Catalano,
• Christian Husum Frederiksen and
• Tobias Weidner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 25–34, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.3

• protrusions that have an overhanging shape and low surface energy can effectively render a surface super-hydrophobic (Figure 1D,F). This texture creates an energy barrier, causing water droplets to rest on the protrusions while trapping air beneath them. In analogy with the texture of Collembola skin, this

Ultrablack color in velvet ant cuticle

• Vinicius Marques Lopez,
• Wencke Krings,
• Juliana Reis Machado,
• Stanislav Gorb and
• Rhainer Guillermo-Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1554–1565, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.122

• a light-trapping mechanism and can enhance absorption by 5% compared to a flat surface. The dense layer of black epicuticular setae further enhances ultrablack coloration. Ishay and collaborators [22] suggested that longitudinal chitinous plates would be interconnected by dark transverse and

A biomimetic approach towards a universal slippery liquid infused surface coating

• Ryan A. Faase,
• Madeleine H. Hummel,
• AnneMarie V. Hasbrook,
• Andrew P. Carpenter and
• Joe E. Baio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1376–1389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.111

• represent a novel method of surface passivation that involves trapping a liquid, often an oil, onto a porous surface [4][29]. The result is an antifouling surface that has been proposed to resist adhesion of coagulation factors [4][29]. Yet, the activation of coagulation factors, specifically FXII, and the

• prolonged clotting time they observed on a SLIPS-coated catheter was due to reduced activation of the contact system, which implied a lower concentration of FXIIa on their surfaces [18]. Additionally, it has been shown that FXII activation is reduced at hydrophilic surfaces [48], potentially due to trapping

Mn-doped ZnO nanopowders prepared by sol–gel and microwave-assisted sol–gel methods and their photocatalytic properties

• Cristina Maria Vlăduț,
• Crina Anastasescu,
• Silviu Preda,
• Oana Catalina Mocioiu,
• Simona Petrescu,
• Jeanina Pandele-Cusu,
• Dana Culita,
• Veronica Bratan,
• Ioan Balint and
• Maria Zaharescu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1283–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.104

• catalysts. This observation can be correlated to the ability of the SG material to produce O2− by electron trapping. In contrast, the ·OH generation in the presence of the MW catalyst could explain the higher formation rate of CO2 from the beginning of the photocatalytic process because of the high

• resolution of 0.5 nm, and 10 nm slits in excitation and emission. All measurements were performed for 0.001 g catalyst suspended after ultrasonication in ultrapure water at room temperature (25 °C) and λexc = 270 nm. For ROS identification, ·OH radicals trapping was performed with 10 mM coumarin solution

Intermixing of MoS₂ and WS₂ photocatalysts toward methylene blue photodegradation

• Maryam Al Qaydi,
• Nitul S. Rajput,
• Michael Lejeune,
• Abdellatif Bouchalkha,
• Mimoun El Marssi,
• Steevy Cordette,
• Chaouki Kasmi and
• Mustapha Jouiad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 817–829, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.68

• electrical conductivity, which allows them to serve as sites for trapping photogenerated charges. This, in turn, facilitates the collection of charge carriers [18] leading to interesting photodegradation properties [19][20]. During the photochemical reaction process, the light excitation induces the

Comparative analysis of the ultrastructure and adhesive secretion pathways of different smooth attachment pads of the stick insect Medauroidea extradentata (Phasmatodea)

• Julian Thomas,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Thies H. Büscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 612–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.52

• risk of trapping contaminants in the inter-tarsomeric membranous region. The removal of particulate contaminants is very important as they are known to cause abrasive wear in the open insect joints [86]. Anti-adhesive surface structures in the periphery of the active working areas of the attachment

Cholesterol nanoarchaeosomes for alendronate targeted delivery as an anti-endothelial dysfunction agent

• Horacio Emanuel Jerez,
• Yamila Roxana Simioni,
• Kajal Ghosal,
• Maria Jose Morilla and
• Eder Lilia Romero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 517–534, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.46

• longitudinal axis (Figure 1) for trapping small molecules either into the bilayer or their aqueous space more efficiently than liposomes [34][35]. In this case, nanoarchaeosomes incorporated ALN to a higher extent than HSPC-Chol liposomes [29], as shown by their ≈1.4 times higher ALN/lipid ratio. Cytotoxicity

Dual-heterodyne Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Benjamin Grévin,
• Fatima Husainy,
• Dmitry Aldakov and
• Cyril Aumaître

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1068–1084, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.88

• processes of photogeneration and carrier annihilation (by electron–hole recombination). In addition, from the venture of time-resolved KPFM under pulsed illumination, the SPV dynamics are mainly governed by the effective carrier mobility and trapping mechanisms. The main factor limiting the photocharging

• electron trapping centres. The blend morphology, phase composition and concentration gradients of the donor and acceptor species (through the film thickness) can therefore have a dramatic impact on the SPV decay dynamics probed by KPFM. The sample investigated in this work has been specifically processed

• consistent with a well-known fact for fullerene derivative-based heterojunctions: PC71BM aggregates act as charge trapping centres. The trap release processes become the limiting factor determining the SPV decay dynamics. It is also important to note that although both sets of data (amplitude/phase) show

Humidity-dependent electrical performance of CuO nanowire networks studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

• Jelena Kosmaca,
• Juris Katkevics,
• Jana Andzane,
• Raitis Sondors,
• Liga Jasulaneca,
• Raimonds Meija,
• Kiryl Niherysh,
• Yelyzaveta Rublova and
• Donats Erts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 683–691, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.54

• 20–50% (Figure 3a). Possibly, at these RH levels, the concentration of free charge carriers in the CuO nanowires reduces, as hole trapping [32] occurs due to adsorption of gaseous H2O molecules on the CuO surface, dissociation in H+ and OH−, and formation of surface dipoles (Cu+–OH−). Water reactions

Investigations on the optical forces from three mainstream optical resonances in all-dielectric nanostructure arrays

• Guangdong Wang and
• Zhanghua Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 674–682, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.53

• large contrast in the optical forces generated with these resonances is attributed to a higher electromagnetic field enhancement provided by the quasi-BIC. These results suggest that the quasi-BIC resonance is preferred when one employs all-dielectric nanostructure arrays for the trapping and

• manipulation of nanoparticles by optical forces. It is important to use low-power lasers to achieve efficient trapping and avoid any harmful heating effects. Keywords: all-dielectric nanostructures; anapole; optical force; quasi-bound states in the continuum; toroidal dipole; Introduction Optical forces have

• numerical results to compare the optical trapping capability provided by all-dielectric nanostructures based on the excitation of these three different modes. Using an array of high-index silicon disks with elaborately designed slots, all these three resonances can be supported by the same platform. The

Titania nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of ethanol under simulated solar light

• Evghenii Goncearenco,
• Iuliana P. Morjan,
• Claudiu Teodor Fleaca,
• Florian Dumitrache,
• Elena Dutu,
• Monica Scarisoreanu,
• Valentin Serban Teodorescu,
• Alexandra Sandulescu,
• Crina Anastasescu and
• Ioan Balint

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 616–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.51

• from the interaction with photogenerated hydroxyl radicals. Despite the fact that radical trapping was performed in aqueous solution, it can be indicative for the ability of the catalyst surface to generate hydroxyl radicals in the present investigated system. The main reactions leading to (•OH

• well as the oxidation states were found from the XPS spectra by using the “Avantage” software, version 5.978. ROS identification Trapping of •OH radicals was performed with 10 mM coumarin (Merck) solution and 0.001 g suspended catalyst exposed to simulated solar irradiation. The formation of a

Conjugated photothermal materials and structure design for solar steam generation

• Chia-Yang Lin and
• Tsuyoshi Michinobu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 454–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.36

• ratio, high porosity, and high mass transport. Therefore, they are often applied to SSG absorbers along with other macrostructures such as membranes and foams [29][52][53][54][55]. One noticeable example is the study of nanofiber-based light-trapping coatings [29]. Ma et al. proposed an ultrasonic spray

• coating method to obtain light-trapping coatings of nanofibers by the copolymerization of dopamine and pyrrole, which can be directly and rapidly synthesized on a polystyrene (PS) foam at room temperature (Figure 9). Due to its excellent wettability, the coating is water permeable and can be directly

• included for comparison in (c). (d) Schematic illustration of light trapping by surface structures formed on the multilayer PPy nanosheets. Figure 6 was adapted from [32], X. Wang et al., “Multilayer Polypyrrole Nanosheets with Self-Organized Surface Structures for Flexible and Efficient Solar–Thermal

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

Bismuth-based nanostructured photocatalysts for the remediation of antibiotics and organic dyes

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo and
• Faisal Suleiman Mustafa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 291–321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.26

• trapping [72]. Other modifications, such as heterojunctions, Schottky junctions, p–n junctions, Z-schemes, and homojunctions, have been used to overcome these problems and boost the effectiveness of photocatalysts. Heterojunctions, Schottky junctions, Z-schemes and surface plasmon resonance effect

Nanotechnology – a robust tool for fighting the challenges of drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer

• Filip Gorachinov,
• Fatima Mraiche,
• Diala Alhaj Moustafa,
• Ola Hishari,
• Yomna Ismail,
• Jensa Joseph,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska,
• Marija Glavas Dodov,
• Nikola Geskovski and
• Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 240–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.23

• . The authors used animal models to show predominant lung trapping of MSCs in both rabbit and monkey. In vitro experiments in A549 NSCLC cells pointed to the release of the DTX-loaded PLGA-b-PEG NPs from the MSCs and their subsequent internalization. Efficient internalization and tumor inhibition were

Double-layer symmetric gratings with bound states in the continuum for dual-band high-Q optical sensing

• Chaoying Shi,
• Jinhua Hu,
• Xiuhong Liu,
• Junfang Liang,
• Jijun Zhao,
• Haiyan Han and
• Qiaofen Zhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1408–1417, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.116

• Figure 8d. It can be found that the sensitivity of both modes decreases with the increase in h. This is because an increase in h increases light trapping inside the cavity, decreasing light–matter interaction and sensitivity. On the contrary, the FOM values of the two modes do not have the same trend

LED-light-activated photocatalytic performance of metal-free carbon-modified hexagonal boron nitride towards degradation of methylene blue and phenol

• Nirmalendu S. Mishra and
• Pichiah Saravanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1380–1392, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.114

• plots) and charge trapping analysis confirmed the dominance of e−, O2−•, and •OH as dominant reactive oxygen species. The carbon modification could effectively remove 93.83% of methylene blue (MB, 20 ppm solution) and 48.56% of phenol (10 ppm solution) from the aqueous phase in comparison to HBN which

• . The mechanistic insights on the transfer and separation of charge carriers along with the photodegradation performance and reactive oxygen species (ROS) trapping have been enunciated in detail. The apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) further substantiated the potential of MBN to be used as a visible

• , the VB potential of MBN (0.3 V vs NHE) is less positive than that of H2O/•OH (2.32 V vs NHE) [45]. This implies that the degradation could be dependent upon e−, h+ and O2−• as the predominant ROS species. Thus, the charge trapping analysis (CTA) was conducted to determine the dominant ROS species

Straight roads into nowhere – obvious and not-so-obvious biological models for ferrophobic surfaces

• Wilfried Konrad,
• Christoph Neinhuis and
• Anita Roth-Nebelsick

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1345–1360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.111

• ). Approximating the eggbeater-like protrusions, however, by circular columns of constant diameter and constant contact angle, Konrad et al. [38] and Apeltauer [39] arrived at an interesting result: If the columns are hexagonally arranged, an interface trapping an air layer exists for arbitrary values of (i) the

Recent trends in Bi-based nanomaterials: challenges, fabrication, enhancement techniques, and environmental applications

• Vishal Dutta,
• Ankush Chauhan,
• Ritesh Verma,
• C. Gopalkrishnan and
• Van-Huy Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1316–1336, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.109

• activity was found to be significantly increased. This improvement was ascribed to the efficient interfacial charge transfer obtained as a consequence of the process. According to the active species trapping study, the photocatalysis process is significantly aided by the presence of photogenerated holes

Rapid fabrication of MgO@g-C₃N₄ heterojunctions for photocatalytic nitric oxide removal

• Minh-Thuan Pham,
• Duyen P. H. Tran,
• Xuan-Thanh Bui and
• Sheng-Jie You

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1141–1154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.96

• conversion, DeNOx index, apparent quantum efficiency, trapping tests, and electron spin resonance measurements were carried out to understand the photocatalytic mechanism of the materials. The high reusability of the MgO@g-C3N4 heterojunction was shown by a five-cycle recycling test. This study provides a

• and urea and, subsequently, characterized. Charge transfer dynamics in the heterojunction and band structure were investigated to understand the effect of the heterojunction on the photocatalytic activity. Finally, the photocatalytic pathway of the MgO@g-C3N4 heterojunction was studied via trapping

• (HR-XPS). The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the materials was carried out in the form of fluorescence analysis with an excitation wavelength range of 200–900 nm. Finally, the photocatalytic mechanism was determined by trapping tests and ESR measurements. Photocatalytic performance The

Spindle-like MIL101(Fe) decorated with Bi₂O₃ nanoparticles for enhanced degradation of chlortetracycline under visible-light irradiation

• Chen-chen Hao,
• Fang-yan Chen,
• Kun Bian,
• Yu-bin Tang and
• Wei-long Shi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1038–1050, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.91

• investigated by radical trapping test. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium (EDTA-2Na), isopropanol (IPA), and vitamin C (VC) were used as scavengers for holes (h+), hydroxyl radicals (•OH), and superoxide radicals (•O2−), respectively. Figure 8a shows the degradation rate of CTC in the presence of three

• signal of h+ in the dark is stronger than that under visible-light irradiation, which indicates that h+ plays a role in photocatalytic reaction progress. This result is in accordance with that of the radical trapping test. In order to account for the formation of the active species and reveal the

• results from radical trapping and ESR experiments. Thus, the Z-scheme charge-transfer model is expected to clarify the photocatalytic mechanism of BOM-20 for degradation of CTC. As illustrated in Figure 10, under visible-light irradiation, MIL101(Fe) and Bi2O3 can be excited to produce e− and

Hierachical epicuticular wax coverage on leaves of Deschampsia antarctica as a possible adaptation to severe environmental conditions

• Elena V. Gorb,
• Iryna A. Kozeretska and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 807–816, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.71

• -layered, with superimposed wax platelets connected through stalks formed as outgrowths of lower projections) was previously found in trapping organs (pitchers) of several representatives of the carnivorous plants from the genus Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) such as N. alata Blanco, N. fusca Danser, N

• . macrophylla Jebb and Cheek, N. mirabilis (Lour.) Druce, and N. rafflesiana Jack [16][17]. The waxy (slippery) zone located inside the pitchers is highly specialized for trapping and retaining of insect prey mainly due to contamination of attachment organs of insects [16], reduction of the real contact area

• remain fully functional in terms of insect trapping owing to the presence of rather stable lower-layer wax projections [16][17]. Taking into account the above consideration about the Nepenthes wax, we suggest for leaves of D. antarctica that the presence of the two wax layers increases the chance of the