Synthetic-polymer-assisted antisense oligonucleotide delivery: targeted approaches for precision disease treatment

• Ana Cubillo Alvarez,
• Dylan Maguire and
• Ruairí P. Brannigan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 435–463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.34

• luciferase inhibition efficacies exceeding 80%. The modification of high-molecular-weight PEI with amino acids such as leucine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine has also proven advantageous in delivering small RNA oligonucleotides [120]. In particular, tyrosine-conjugated PEI25kDa–ssASO polyplexes

Assessing phytotoxicity and tolerance levels of ZnO nanoparticles on Raphanus sativus: implications for widespread adoptions

• Pathirannahalage Sahan Samuditha,
• Nadeesh Madusanka Adassooriya and
• Nazeera Salim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 115–125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.11

• content in olive tree (cv. Moraiolo) shoots in vitro was reported upon treatment with ZnO NPs at concentrations of 6 and 18 mg/L [35]. Zinc is essential for the synthesis of tryptophan, an amino acid required for the biosynthesis of IAA. Zinc has an indirect influence on auxins by activating tryptophan

• synthase, an enzyme responsible for the synthesis of tryptophan in the biosynthesis of IAA [36][37]. According to the present results, ZnO NPs have no toxic effect on IAA content at 1000 mg/L; however, it increased the IAA content at 2000 mg/L. Zinc oxide NPs are a potential candidate to enhance the

Curcumin-loaded albumin submicron particles with potential as a cancer therapy: an in vitro study

• Nittiya Suwannasom,
• Netsai Sriaksorn,
• Chutamas Thepmalee,
• Krissana Khoothiam,
• Ausanai Prapan,
• Hans Bäumler and
• Chonthida Thephinlap

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1127–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.93

• albumin proteins [30]. CUR showed strong binding affinity towards HSA, likely at the tryptophan residue, which is present in the hydrophobic cavities of HSA [23][31]. The final CUR-HSA-MPs are obtained after dissolution of the MnCO3 template with EDTA. Characterization of CUR-HSA-MPs Dynamic light

Design of surface nanostructures for chirality sensing based on quartz crystal microbalance

• Yinglin Ma,
• Xiangyun Xiao and
• Qingmin Ji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1201–1219, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.100

• bulk polymerization method to fabricate poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) MIP films on QCM electrodes for detecting ʟ-tryptophan. The sensor film was highly selective with a detection limit of 0.73 ng/mL and did not respond to the structural analogous of ᴅ-tryptophan and ascorbic acid. The selectivity

• coefficient of ʟ/ᴅ-tryptophan on the MIP film could be as high as 7.23. The proposed MIP–QCM sensor was also successfully applied to determine the amount of tryptophan in real sample analysis for food and urine samples with an excellent recovery of 97–104% [46]. Cao et al. fabricated methacrylic acid- (MAA

• for ʟ-tryptophan. Ye et al. studied the influence of MIP film thickness on the chiral recognition of R/S-propranolol [50]. The MIP film was composed of poly(methacrylic acid) with S-propranolol as the chiral template. From the frequency shifts of QCM, the thinner film was shown to facilitate the

Bioselectivity of silk protein-based materials and their bio-inspired applications

• Hendrik Bargel,
• Vanessa T. Trossmann,
• Christoph Sommer and
• Thomas Scheibel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 902–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.81

• proteins (HDPs) was coined [89]. HDPs are rich in cationic amino acids (e.g., arginine and lysine), and amino acids with hydrophobic side chains (e.g., tryptophan, phenylalanine, tyrosine, leucine, isoleucine, and valine). This composition renders them amphiphilic, which is crucial to their mode of action

Self-assembly of amino acids toward functional biomaterials

• Huan Ren,
• Lifang Wu,
• Lina Tan,
• Yanni Bao,
• Yuchen Ma,
• Yong Jin and
• Qianli Zou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1140–1150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.85

• crystalline sheet-like assembly. Interestingly, their group also identified the optical properties of single amino acids during assembly, demonstrating the intrinsic fluorescence of amyloid structures of metabolites such as adenine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine which can be used to detect living

• properties [27] and good antibacterial activity [44]. Hydrogels of other amino acids modified by Fmoc, such as Fmoc-tryptophan, Fmoc-methionine, and Fmoc-tyrosine have also been shown to have antimicrobial activity and to be selectively resistant to Gram-positive bacteria [45]. The combined self-assembly

• conformational changes through various mechanisms, such as protonation, charge inversion, or chemical bond cleavage, promoting tumor-specific cellular uptake or drug release [82]. Sun et al. [83] coupled tryptophan-glycine (WG) to hydrophobic porphyrins (P) by an amidation reaction to obtain pH-responsive

Fabrication of nano/microstructures for SERS substrates using an electrochemical method

• Jingran Zhang,
• Tianqi Jia,
• Xiaoping Li,
• Junjie Yang,
• Zhengkai Li,
• Guangfeng Shi,
• Xinming Zhang and
• Zuobin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1568–1576, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.139

• bridge (521 cm−1), phenylalanine (601 cm−1), tryptophan(s) (760 cm−1), tyrosine doublet (858 cm−1), tryptophan (881 cm−1), CC stretching (934 cm−1), tyrosine (1085 cm−1, 1210 cm−1), tryptophan (1337 cm−1), COO− symmetric stretch(s) (1384 cm−1), and tryptophan (1554 cm−1). Together, these data show that

Internalization mechanisms of cell-penetrating peptides

• Ivana Ruseska and
• Andreas Zimmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 101–123, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.10

• in a broad spectrum of cell lines. It has a length of 21 amino acids and consists of three domains, each conferring a specific function: (i) a hydrophobic, tryptophan-rich sequence required for the interaction with macromolecules and cell-membrane targeting, (ii) a hydrophilic sequence, rich in

Bombesin receptor-targeted liposomes for enhanced delivery to lung cancer cells

• Mohammad J. Akbar,
• Pâmela C. Lukasewicz Ferreira,
• Melania Giorgetti,
• Leanne Stokes and
• Christopher J. Morris

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2553–2562, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.246

• the molar extinction coefficient for the peptide tryptophan residue (5560 AU/mmol/mL). A thin film was produced by slow evaporation of the solvent under vacuum followed by one hour under high vacuum to remove solvent traces. The film was hydrated with PBS to a final lipid concentration of 10 mg/mL

Review of advanced sensor devices employing nanoarchitectonics concepts

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Tatsuyuki Makita,
• Masato Ito,
• Taizo Mori,
• Shun Watanabe and
• Jun Takeya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2014–2030, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.198

• transistor with a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS) system modified with molecularly imprinted polymer films [106]. The selectivity factor of ʟ-tryptophan over ᴅ-tryptophan and that of ʟ-tyrosine over ᴅ-tyrosine were 11.6 and 14.5, respectively. Life activities are also

Outstanding chain-extension effect and high UV resistance of polybutylene succinate containing amino-acid-modified layered double hydroxides

• Adam A. Marek,
• Vincent Verney,
• Christine Taviot-Gueho,
• Grazia Totaro,
• Laura Sisti,
• Annamaria Celli and
• Fabrice Leroux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 684–695, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.68

• should require UV absorption properties for the organic molecule, any proteinogenic amino acids presenting cycle in their backbone will be preferentially considered. Tyrosine and tryptophan have been studied for their UV stabilizing properties; however, histidine (HIS) and (PHE) are rarely reported. One

• obtained for LDH/PHE with a calculated value of η0 of 7174 Pa s which is almost 80 times higher than for PBS. The role of layered double hydroxides modified with 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid and amino acids such as tyrosine, tryptophan as PBS chain-extenders has been known and described previously

• presence of LDH modified with amino acids has been previously observed and is described in the literature with reference to tryptophan [17]. Up to now, no satisfactory proof was gathered to understand the better characteristics of PHE. Indeed the low content of organic molecules tethered to LDH (≈2 wt

Colorimetric detection of Cu²⁺ based on the formation of peptide–copper complexes on silver nanoparticle surfaces

• Gajanan Sampatrao Ghodake,
• Surendra Krishna Shinde,
• Rijuta Ganesh Saratale,
• Avinash Ashok Kadam,
• Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale,
• Asad Syed,
• Fuad Ameen and
• Dae-Young Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1414–1422, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.134

• decrease or increase in the absorbance was detected at all tested concentrations of Cu2+. In contrast, in an earlier report, the realization of fractal growth of the AuNP aggregates occurred for tryptophan–Mg2+ coordination complexes [29]. As can be seen in Figure 6d, the absorbance intensity at 520 nm

L-Lysine-grafted graphene oxide as an effective adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue and metal ions

• Yan Yan,
• Jie Li,
• Fangbei Kong,
• Kuankuan Jia,
• Shiyu He and
• Baorong Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2680–2688, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.268

• , a MoSx/3D-graphene hybrid material as an electrode material enhanced the efficiency of hydrogen-producing in a fuel cell [8]. Mo et al. reported reduced graphene oxide covalently functionalized with L-lysine [9], which could be used for the electrochemical recognition of tryptophan (Trp) enantiomers

Self-assembly of chiral fluorescent nanoparticles based on water-soluble L-tryptophan derivatives of p-tert-butylthiacalix[4]arene

• Pavel L. Padnya,
• Irina A. Khripunova,
• Olga A. Mostovaya,
• Timur A. Mukhametzyanov,
• Vladimir G. Evtugyn,
• Vyacheslav V. Vorobev,
• Yuri N. Osin and
• Ivan I. Stoikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1825–1835, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.184

• Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, Moscow, Russian Federation 10.3762/bjnano.8.184 Abstract New water-soluble tetra-substituted derivatives of p-tert-butylthiacalix[4]arene containing fragments of L-tryptophan in cone and 1,3-alternate conformations were obtained. It was shown that the resulting compounds form

• ; tryptophan; Introduction Recently, fluorescently active compounds have become a high demand in nanotechnology, biotechnology and medicinal chemistry [1][2]. Nanoparticles that consist of covalently or non-covalently bound fluorescent compounds are widely used due to attractive physical and chemical

• positively charged ammonium groups into the structure of macrocycles. In this paper, an approach to obtain the water-soluble fluorescent chiral nanoparticles based on derivatives of tetra-substituted p-tert-butylthiacalix[4]arene containing L-tryptophan fragments at the lower rim in cone and 1,3-alternate

Bacteriorhodopsin–ZnO hybrid as a potential sensing element for low-temperature detection of ethanol vapour

• Saurav Kumar,
• Sudeshna Bagchi,
• Senthil Prasad,
• Anupma Sharma,
• Ritesh Kumar,
• Rishemjit Kaur,
• Jagvir Singh and
• Amol P. Bhondekar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 501–510, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.44

• crystallization and strain factor [42][43]. The hybrid structures, ZnO-TF/bR and ZnO-NR/bR, show two specific characteristic peaks at 270 nm and 570 nm (inset figure), respectively. These are due to the superposition of the bands attributed to the aromatic residue of bR (including 8-tryptophan and 11- tyrosine

Synthesis of boron nitride nanotubes and their applications

• Saban Kalay,
• Zehra Yilmaz,
• Ozlem Sen,
• Melis Emanet,
• Emine Kazanc and
• Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 84–102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.9

• investigation concerning the interactions of BNNTs with tryptophan (Trp), aspartic acid (Asp), and arginine (Arg) was also carried out [68]. It was found that the polar Asp and Arg interacted with the BNNT surface through the charge transfer and electrostatic interactions while Trp, a neutral amino acid, had no

Protein-coated pH-responsive gold nanoparticles: Microwave-assisted synthesis and surface charge-dependent anticancer activity

• Dickson Joseph,
• Nisha Tyagi,
• Christian Geckeler and
• Kurt E.Geckeler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1452–1462, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.158

• , tyrosine and tryptophan, can reduce Au(III) and Ag(I) ions [12][18][38][41][42][43][44][45][46]. In this study, amino acid content of each protein is different due to differences in their molecular weights and amino acid sequences. Thus, predicting that a particular amino acid is responsible for the

Extracellular biosynthesis of gadolinium oxide (Gd₂O₃) nanoparticles, their biodistribution and bioconjugation with the chemically modified anticancer drug taxol

• Shadab Ali Khan,
• Sanjay Gambhir and
• Absar Ahmad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 249–257, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.27

• absorption edge at ca. 270 nm arises due to electronic transitions in the delocalized π-electrons present in the indole ring of aromatic amino acids such as tryptophan, tyrosine and to some extent phenylalanine residues, which are present in the proteins moiety [24]. These residues of proteins may be

Electrospinning preparation and electrical and biological properties of ferrocene/poly(vinylpyrrolidone) composite nanofibers

• Ji-Hong Chai and
• Qing-Sheng Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 189–197, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.19

• (Figure 7a) compared with modified electrodes. We further studied the electrochemical response of tryptophan on Fc/PVP/GCE in PBS (pH 7) solutions. CV responses for different concentrations of tryptophan in constant PBS (pH 7) solution are presented in Figure 8a. Results show that the anodic and cathodic

• peak currents have consistent reduction when increasing the tryptophan concentration. However, it is not easy to observe the diversifications due to very tiny current changes in the CV curves. Differential pulse-voltammetric experiments were performed to further support the above results (Figure 8b

• ). The data show that there is also a gradual decrease in cathode current with an increase in tryptophan concentration. This could be explained by the fact that Fc+ has a strong coordinating capacity with tryptophan ions. It is relatively hard for the Fc+ to escape from the tryptophan ion, which