Recent advances in photothermal nanomaterials for ophthalmic applications

• Jiayuan Zhuang,
• Linhui Jia,
• Chenghao Li,
• Rui Yang,
• Jiapeng Wang,
• Wen-an Wang,
• Heng Zhou and
• Xiangxia Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 195–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.16

• the migration of LECs and their inflammatory response following photothermal treatment, without causing significant damage to the surrounding healthy tissues (Figure 3f). 3.3 Vitreous turbidity The vitreous is a highly hydrated, transparent gel supported by a network of long and thin collagen fibers

• [118]. Factors such as aging, myopia, or diabetes can lead to the liquefaction of this vitreous gel and the accumulation of collagen fibers, resulting in turbidity that casts shadows on the retina, manifesting as floaters in a patient’s field of vision (Figure 4a) [119][120]. Vitreous opacity can

A biomimetic approach towards a universal slippery liquid infused surface coating

• Ryan A. Faase,
• Madeleine H. Hummel,
• AnneMarie V. Hasbrook,
• Andrew P. Carpenter and
• Joe E. Baio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1376–1389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.111

• experiments were performed for a total sample size of 18. Clot turbidity analysis Wells of interest of a non-treated polystyrene 96-well plate were blocked with 300 μL 1% BSA in Milli-Q water for 2 h at 37 °C. After 2 h, wells were rinsed three times with Milli-Q water. Plates were coated immediately prior to

• were coated immediately prior to use. Clots were prepared using the same method as turbidity analysis, but clots were allowed to form for five times the fibrin generation time to ensure samples were fully clotted. Fibrin clots and surfaces were removed from wells and fixed in 1% paraformaldehyde and

Quercetin- and caffeic acid-functionalized chitosan-capped colloidal silver nanoparticles: one-pot synthesis, characterization, and anticancer and antibacterial activities

• Akif Hakan Kurt,
• Elif Berna Olutas,
• Fatma Avcioglu,
• Hamza Karakuş,
• Mehmet Ali Sungur,
• Cansu Kara Oztabag and
• Muhammet Yıldırım

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 362–376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.31

• standard bacterial strains, 5% sheep blood agar and eosin methylene blue (EMB) media were used. The inoculated plates were kept in an oven at 35 ± 2 °C for 18–24 h. Sterile Müller Hinton broth fluid tubes were prepared in 0.5 McFarland turbidity standard for each bacterial strain. The bacteria were

• medium [74]. Since NPs are exposed to various forces that affect their stability and size in such environments (containing electrolytes, proteins and lipids), they may tend to collapse and aggregate. Although no aggregation and turbidity were observed during the preparation stage with the naked eye and

Bismuth-based nanostructured photocatalysts for the remediation of antibiotics and organic dyes

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo and
• Faisal Suleiman Mustafa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 291–321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.26

• photocatalysts has no further effect on the degradation efficiency. More active sites are provided in the effluent solution with the addition of more photocatalysts to the treatment reactor, which favours the production of more photoinduced carriers. The turbidity of the solution as well as the light scattering

Orally administered docetaxel-loaded chitosan-decorated cationic PLGA nanoparticles for intestinal tumors: formulation, comprehensive in vitro characterization, and release kinetics

• Sedat Ünal,
• Osman Doğan and
• Yeşim Aktaş

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1393–1407, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.115

• nanoparticles, the interaction of mucin and DCX-loaded nanoparticle formulations was evaluated spectrophotometrically by turbidity measurements at 650 nm [10][14][79]. The basis of the experiment is to compare the absorbance of the mucin solution at 650 nm as a reference and the absorbance of the mixture of

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

• Aisha Kanwal,
• Naheed Bibi,
• Sajjad Hyder,
• Arif Muhammad,
• Hao Ren,
• Jiangtao Liu and
• Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

• relationship between the concentration of Pb2+ ions and the turbidity [84]. Aloe vera extract, without any other chemical reagent, was used to prepare CDs using a one-step pyrolysis method by Devi et al. Different characterization results demonstrated that the CDs displayed excitation-independent behavior and

Antibacterial activity of a berberine nanoformulation

• Hue Thi Nguyen,
• Tuyet Nhung Pham,
• Anh-Tuan Le,
• Nguyen Thanh Thuy,
• Tran Quang Huy and
• Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 641–652, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.56

• wells of rows 5–7 in all plates was observed, given the turbidity that formed compared with the wells of the positive controls. However, confirming whether the agents could inhibit the growth of bacterial strains in rows 1–6 was difficult due to the interference of the yellow color of BBR and BBR NPs at

• of 107 CFU/mL were added to all wells except the wells in columns 1–3 of rows D–F, which served as negative controls. The plate was incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. The initial inhibitory concentration was determined via the turbidity of the wells with the samples compared with those of the negative and

Ciprofloxacin-loaded dissolving polymeric microneedles as a potential therapeutic for the treatment of S. aureus skin infections

• Sharif Abdelghany,
• Walhan Alshaer,
• Yazan Al Thaher,
• Maram Al Fawares,
• Amal G. Al-Bakri,
• Saja Zuriekat and
• Randa SH. Mansour

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 517–527, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.43

• amount of ciprofloxacin was placed on top of the skin, followed by the stainless steel weight for consistency. Antimicrobial activity: in vitro infection study S. aureus (ATCC-29213) inoculum equivalent to 0.5 MacFarland (ca. 1 × 108 CFU/mL) turbidity was prepared from an overnight culture. A sterile

A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment

• Senuri Kumarage,
• Imalka Munaweera and
• Nilwala Kottegoda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10

• from aqueous media [98]. UF membranes have pore diameters of 0.01–0.1 μm and a pressure of 1–10 bar is applied for the filtration. UF membranes are reported to have a high removal rate of turbidity, organic matters, parasites, and viruses as well [99]. NF membranes lie in the lower range of

Silver-decorated gel-shell nanobeads: physicochemical characterization and evaluation of antibacterial properties

• Marta Bartel,
• Katarzyna Markowska,
• Marcin Strawski,
• Krystyna Wolska and
• Maciej Mazur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 620–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.49

• the plates were incubated statically at 37 °C for 24 h. The lowest nanobead concentration that resulted in no visible turbidity was considered as the MIC value. MBIC values were determined as described elsewhere [43]. The bacterial cultures were diluted 1:100 in fresh medium and then mixed with MH

Mannosylated brush copolymers based on poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(ε-caprolactone) as multivalent lectin-binding nanomaterials

• Stefania Ordanini,
• Wanda Celentano,
• Anna Bernardi and
• Francesco Cellesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2192–2206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.212

• tendency may be due to the presence of the mannose residues that, being connected to the hydrophobic PCL chains, could affect the self-assembly of the macromolecules and generate some aggregates. Remarkably, four-arm species had a slightly lower Dh than the corresponding linear species. Turbidity assay The

• ] (Figure 6A). Glycopolymers were tested in the presence of Con A in HBS buffer at pH 7.4. A fixed mannose concentration 2.5 times higher than the Con A binding site concentration was used, and turbidity was measured using an UV–vis spectrometer (Figure 7). The kinetics of glycopolymer-induced clustering

• were also investigated. In particular, the initial rates of Con A clustering, expressed as arbitrary units per minute (k, AU/min), were derived from the initial slope of the curves; the time to reach half of the maximum turbidity (t1/2) was determined from the endpoint of precipitation (Table 3). The

Biocatalytic oligomerization-induced self-assembly of crystalline cellulose oligomers into nanoribbon networks assisted by organic solvents

• Yuuki Hata,
• Yuka Fukaya,
• Toshiki Sawada,
• Masahito Nishiura and
• Takeshi Serizawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1778–1788, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.173

• % DMSO and 10 vol % EtOH were found to be in gel states after the reaction (Figure 2, photographs with yellow background). The apparent turbidity of the reaction mixtures decreased with increasing organic solvent concentrations for each organic solvent species (Figure 2). The observations were simply due

Nanocellulose: Recent advances and its prospects in environmental remediation

• Katrina Pui Yee Shak,
• Yean Ling Pang and
• Shee Keat Mah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2479–2498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.232

• fabricate dicarboxylic acid nanocellulose flocculant and examine its effectiveness in the treatment of municipal wastewater (removal of turbidity and chemical oxygen demand (COD)). In another study, cotton microfibers were subjected to acid treatment, washing, and filtration to produce nanocellulose

Co-reductive fabrication of carbon nanodots with high quantum yield for bioimaging of bacteria

• Jiajun Wang,
• Xia Liu,
• Gesmi Milcovich,
• Tzu-Yu Chen,
• Edel Durack,
• Sarah Mallen,
• Yongming Ruan,
• Xuexiang Weng and
• Sarah P. Hudson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 137–145, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.16

• heated at a constant temperature of 185 °C for 6 h. After the end of the reaction, suspensions with different turbidity were obtained, evidencing the formation of the C-dots. Then, they were dialyzed against deionized water through a dialyzer with a cut off of Mw = 1000 Da for 40 h. Finally, the

Evaluating the toxicity of TiO₂-based nanoparticles to Chinese hamster ovary cells and Escherichia coli: a complementary experimental and computational approach

• Alicja Mikolajczyk,
• Natalia Sizochenko,
• Ewa Mulkiewicz,
• Anna Malankowska,
• Michal Nischk,
• Przemyslaw Jurczak,
• Seishiro Hirano,
• Grzegorz Nowaczyk,
• Adriana Zaleska-Medynska,
• Jerzy Leszczynski,
• Agnieszka Gajewicz and
• Tomasz Puzyn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2171–2180, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.216

• growth was quantified in each well by measuring the optical density at λ = 580 nm. MIC was defined as the concentration of the compound, which resulted in at least an 80% decrease in turbidity relative to that of the compound-free growth control well. Agar diffusion test Approximately 20 mL of sterile

Impact of ultrasonic dispersion on the photocatalytic activity of titania aggregates

• Hoai Nga Le,
• Frank Babick,
• Klaus Kühn,
• Minh Tan Nguyen,
• Michael Stintz and
• Gianaurelio Cuniberti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2423–2430, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.250

• significant obscuration. Keywords: AOPs; reaction rate constant; turbidity; ultrasonic energy; wastewater treatment; Introduction Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) form a group of modern chemical technologies that rely on the generation of radical species and are considered to have high prospects for the

• experiments were adapted to different purposes: (1) verifying the kinetic model by altering the volume of the suspensions, (2) studying the influence of the P25 photocatalyst size by varying the degree of ultrasonic dispersion, and (3) investigating the effect of the turbidity of the suspensions by working

• energy density concept can be used for further academic or economic estimation in the field of TiO2 dispersion. The influence of aggregate size on the interaction between photocatalyst and UV–vis illumination was simply tested. However, due to the very high turbidity of the original suspensions with a

Electrostatic interplay: The interaction triangle of polyamines, silicic acid, and phosphate studied through turbidity measurements, silicomolybdic acid test, and ²⁹Si NMR spectroscopy

• Anne Jantschke,
• Katrin Spinde and
• Eike Brunner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2026–2035, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.211

• solutions containing additives such as polyallylamine, allylamine and others in the presence/absence of phosphate were investigated. The analyses are based mainly on turbidity measurements yielding information about the early aggregation steps which finally give rise to the formation and precipitation of

• silica. Keywords: phosphate; self-assembly; silica–polyamine interactions; silicomolybdic acid test; 29Si NMR; turbidity measurements; Introduction Long-chain polyamines (LCPAs) were previously found biomolecules that are tightly associated to the biosilica of various diatom species [1][2][3][4][5

• analysis of the influence of the polyamine structure and charge upon the polycondensation of silicic acid in the absence and presence of phosphate. The kinetics of the aggregation and silica polycondensation processes were studied by a combination of turbidity measurements and silicomolybdic acid test [31

One pot synthesis of silver nanoparticles using a cyclodextrin containing polymer as reductant and stabilizer

• Arkadius Maciollek and
• Helmut Ritter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 380–385, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.44

• a Phillips EM420 (Fa. FEI) microscope at 120 kV. The electron diffraction patternwas recorded for the selected area. The particle size and size distribution was determined by image analysis using AxioVision LE64 software. Turbidity experiments were performed on a Tepper cloud point photometer TP1