Efficiency of single-pulse laser fragmentation of organic nutraceutical dispersions in a circular jet flow-through reactor

• Tina Friedenauer,
• Maximilian Spellauge,
• Alexander Sommereyns,
• Verena Labenski,
• Tuba Esatbeyoglu,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Heinz P. Huber and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 711–727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.55

• Discussion To evaluate the laser fragmentation efficiency in the CJ setup, the nutraceuticals curcumin and CBD (Figure 1) were dispersed at different concentrations (0.01 to 1.0 wt %) in deionized water and homogenized by ultrasonication. The MP-LFL yield of SMPs and NPs was quantified by the extinction

Colloidal few layered graphene–tannic acid preserves the biocompatibility of periodontal ligament cells

• Teissir Ben Ammar,
• Naji Kharouf,
• Dominique Vautier,
• Housseinou Ba,
• Nivedita Sudheer,
• Philippe Lavalle and
• Vincent Ball

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.51

• few defects The synthesis process combined graphite and TA in a 10:1 mass ratio in an aqueous medium, followed by probe ultrasonication enhanced by magnetic stirring, resulting in a stable colloid as shown in Figure S3, Supporting Information File 1. The polyphenolic structure of tannic acid

• groups into the graphene structure. In our scenario, the integration of mixing and ultrasonication greatly aided the homogenization process and improved the interactions at the molecular level between the functional groups of tannic acid and the carbon layers of graphene, resulting in defects mainly

Mn-doped ZnO nanopowders prepared by sol–gel and microwave-assisted sol–gel methods and their photocatalytic properties

• Cristina Maria Vlăduț,
• Crina Anastasescu,
• Silviu Preda,
• Oana Catalina Mocioiu,
• Simona Petrescu,
• Jeanina Pandele-Cusu,
• Dana Culita,
• Veronica Bratan,
• Ioan Balint and
• Maria Zaharescu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1283–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.104

• resolution of 0.5 nm, and 10 nm slits in excitation and emission. All measurements were performed for 0.001 g catalyst suspended after ultrasonication in ultrapure water at room temperature (25 °C) and λexc = 270 nm. For ROS identification, ·OH radicals trapping was performed with 10 mM coumarin solution

Enhanced catalytic reduction through in situ synthesized gold nanoparticles embedded in glucosamine/alginate nanocomposites

• Chi-Hien Dang,
• Le-Kim-Thuy Nguyen,
• Minh-Trong Tran,
• Van-Dung Le,
• Nguyen Minh Ty,
• T. Ngoc Han Pham,
• Hieu Vu-Quang,
• Tran Thi Kim Chi,
• Tran Thi Huong Giang,
• Nguyen Thi Thanh Tu and
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1227–1237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.99

• mg·mL−1) was added to the Alg/Ca2+ gelispheres and stirred for 1 h at 1300 rpm. The resulting GluN/Alg suspension underwent ultrasonication for 30 min and was left overnight to ensure the formation of a stable gel. The resulting nanocomposite mixture was centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 min and washed

Radiofrequency enhances drug release from responsive nanoflowers for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy

• Yanyan Wen,
• Ningning Song,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Weiwei Wu,
• Qixiong Lin,
• Minjie Cui,
• Rongrong Li,
• Qiufeng Yu,
• Sixue Wu,
• Yongkang Liang,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 569–579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.49

• ultrasonication (XM-P06H, Xiaomei Ultrasonic Instrument Co., Ltd., Kunshan, China) for 30 min at room temperature. HCCP (15 mg), CUR (15.9 mg), and HPS (5.4 mg) were subsequently added with sonication for 30 min. TEA (2 mL) was dispersed into acetonitrile (10 mL), and this mixed solution was added dropwise to the

• with KMnO4 powder (1.5 mg) for 10 min at room temperature to ensure that the NPs were well suspended. Then, MES (2.7 mg) and PEG (0.3 mg) were dispersed into 5 mL of water and added to the mixture dropwise for 5 min with ultrasonication (100 W, 40 kHz) at room temperature for 30 min [34]. The obtained

Controllable physicochemical properties of WO_x thin films grown under glancing angle

• Rupam Mandal,
• Aparajita Mandal,
• Alapan Dutta,
• Rengasamy Sivakumar,
• Sanjeev Kumar Srivastava and
• Tapobrata Som

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 350–359, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.31

• thin films were deposited on ultrasonically cleaned p-Si (100) and soda lime glass substrates of 1 × 1 cm2 dimension using a rf magnetron sputtering setup (Excel Instruments). Trichloroethylene, propanol, acetone, and DI water were used to carry out ultrasonication of the substrates for removing

Comparative electron microscopy particle sizing of TiO₂ pigments: sample preparation and measurement

• Ralf Theissmann,
• Christopher Drury,
• Markus Rohe,
• Thomas Koch,
• Jochen Winkler and
• Petr Pikal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 317–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.29

• application laboratory in Waldbronn, Germany, and the particle counting threshold was set at 30 nm. The samples were first intensively dispersed by ultrasonication in a polyphosphate solution in water (562 J/mL, 2.5% pigment, 2% polyphosphate) one day before measurement. The energy of 562 J/mL was chosen

Upscaling the urea method synthesis of CoAl layered double hydroxides

• Camilo Jaramillo-Hernández,
• Víctor Oestreicher,
• Martín Mizrahi and
• Gonzalo Abellán

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 927–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.76

• corresponding structure. Microscopy Sample preparation The dried solids were suspended in ethanol and drop cast onto Au TEM grids covered with a lacy carbon film, and the solvent was left to evaporate. SEM samples were prepared from the same solution after 5 min of ultrasonication. The sonicated suspension was

Nanostructured lipid carriers containing benznidazole: physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and cellular in vitro studies

• Giuliana Muraca,
• María Esperanza Ruiz,
• Rocío C. Gambaro,
• Sebastián Scioli-Montoto,
• María Laura Sbaraglini,
• Gisel Padula,
• José Sebastián Cisneros,
• Cecilia Yamil Chain,
• Vera A. Álvarez,
• Cristián Huck-Iriart,
• Guillermo R. Castro,
• María Belén Piñero,
• Matias Ildebrando Marchetto,
• Catalina Alba Soto,
• Germán A. Islan and
• Alan Talevi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 804–818, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.66

• bioavailability by modifying the absorption, distribution, and elimination of the drug. In this study, BNZ was successfully loaded into nanocarriers composed of myristyl myristate/Crodamol oil/poloxamer 188 prepared by ultrasonication. A stable NLC formulation was obtained, with ≈80% encapsulation efficiency (%EE

• other researchers working in the field. Results and Discussion Formulation and physicochemical characterization of NLC-BNZ Nanoparticle formulations were prepared by the ultrasonication method and named as NLC-BNZ or NLC-VEHICLE, in that order, depending on whether they contained BNZ or not. Stable

• analysis of the formulations were of analytical grade and were obtained from different commercially available sources. Formulation of benznidazole-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers BNZ-loaded NLCs were obtained via ultrasonication as previously described in Scioli-Montoto et al. (2022) [53]. Solid

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo,
• Saba Derakhshan Oskouei and
• Mustafa Gazi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52

• improved electrochemical performance [63][67]. In a recent study, Tang et al. [29] used an ultrasonication and reduction process to combine nanostructured Ag nanoparticles with a MOF (ZIF-67) to fabricate nanopinna-based composite electrochemical sensors for acetaminophen detection. The results showed a

Single-step extraction of small-diameter single-walled carbon nanotubes in the presence of riboflavin

• Polina M. Kalachikova,
• Anastasia E. Goldt,
• Eldar M. Khabushev,
• Timofei V. Eremin,
• Timofei S. Zatsepin,
• Elena D. Obraztsova,
• Konstantin V. Larionov,
• Liubov Yu. Antipina,
• Pavel B. Sorokin and
• Albert G. Nasibulin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1564–1571, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.130

• by the same ultrasonication protocol. Single-step gel extraction protocol A single-step gel extraction procedure was developed based on the size-exclusive gel chromatography method published elsewhere [22]. Medical syringes (20 mL, 10 cm in length, and 1.5 cm in inner diameter) were used as the

Rapid and sensitive detection of box turtles using an electrochemical DNA biosensor based on a gold/graphene nanocomposite

• Abu Hashem,
• M. A. Motalib Hossain,
• Ab Rahman Marlinda,
• Mohammad Al Mamun,
• Khanom Simarani and
• Mohd Rafie Johan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1458–1472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.120

• solution at a scan rate of 50 mV/s. After that, the electrode was entirely washed with ultrapure water, then ultrasonically cleaned in ultrapure water, and dried in an oven at 50 °C for 2 h. Graphere was dispersed into deionised water by ultrasonication to form a Gr dispersion with a 1 mg/mL concentration

Facile preparation of Au- and BODIPY-grafted lipid nanoparticles for synergized photothermal therapy

• Yuran Wang,
• Xudong Li,
• Haijun Chen and
• Yu Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1432–1444, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.118

• by addition of Au3+. After the same vortex and ultrasonication, the obtained product, designated as AB-LNPs1, exhibited green color in suspension. However, green precipitates could be collected after centrifugation, suggesting the dissociation of BDP or Au from LNPs. Green precipitates also could be

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

• Aisha Kanwal,
• Naheed Bibi,
• Sajjad Hyder,
• Arif Muhammad,
• Hao Ren,
• Jiangtao Liu and
• Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

• treatments, ultrasonication, microwave irradiations, and microwave-assisted hydrothermal/pyrolysis are used in the green synthesis of CDs [41]. Hydrothermal methods convert the raw material into carbonized matter. Although relatively simple, the procedure takes several hours. Microwave irradiation, in

• detection of nitrophenol [4]. Varisco et al. reported CDs from wine lees via combustion and used two extraction procedures, namely ultrasonication and microwave-assisted extraction, from the black mass. The wine lees consist of different compounds that can act as reactants for the preparation of CDs, that

Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications

• Padmavati Sahare,
• Paulina Govea Alvarez,
• Juan Manual Sanchez Yanez,
• Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas,
• Samik Chakraborty,
• Sujay Paul and
• Miriam Estevez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15

• unique type of self-doped green TiO2 (G-TiO2−x) was irreversibly produced from black titania (B-TiO2−x) applying intense ultrasonication, as shown schematically in Figure 8A. The G-TiO2−x has been conjugated to triphenylphosphonium (TPP), a lipophilic cation that binds to the mitochondria through

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

• any leakage before ultrasonication. They should then release the cargo after US stimulation and also, in some cases, have the ability to be monitored via imaging modalities. Many US-responsive NPs have been reported as part of theranostic systems, which can be used for both therapy and imaging at the

• ]. In other cases, disruption and destabilization of the complex nanostructure subsequent to US vibration leads to drug release [28][29][30]. In addition, the ultrasonication of certain complexes can generate free radicals that can cause cell damage or activation of cellular signaling pathways [31

• articles have reviewed the application of MBs in theranostics [172][173][174]. The schematic illustration of the mechanism of action of MBs is presented in Figure 3. Ultrasonication has been the major method used to actually produce MBs in the laboratory. The cavitation phenomena occurring as a result of

On the stability of microwave-fabricated SERS substrates – chemical and morphological considerations

• Limin Wang,
• Aisha Adebola Womiloju,
• Christiane Höppener,
• Ulrich S. Schubert and
• Stephanie Hoeppener

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 541–551, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.44

• subjected to ultrasonication to improve and support the cleaning process. Only excessive ultrasonication over longer periods of time leads to a sudden onset of nanoparticle detachment from the surfaces and must be avoided. The substrates treated with different solutions were used for additional SEM

Gold(I) N-heterocyclic carbene precursors for focused electron beam-induced deposition

• Cristiano Glessi,
• Aya Mahgoub,
• Cornelis W. Hagen and
• Mats Tilset

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 257–269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.21

• experiments. The silicon substrates were cleaned by ultrasonication in acetone for 15 min, followed by ultrasonication in isopropanol for 15 min and blow drying with N2, and were kept in a dust free environment. For each precursor a different substrate was used to avoid cross contamination. The substrate was

A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

• Sina Kaabipour and
• Shohreh Hemmati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 102–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.9

• ” synthesis methods. Several physical methods for top-down synthesis of silver nanostructures including ball milling [105][106][107], laser ablation [108][109][110][111][112], evaporation–condensation [113][114], electromagnetic levitation gas condensation (ELGC) [115], ultrasonication [116][117][118][119

One-step synthesis of carbon-supported electrocatalysts

• Sebastian Tigges,
• Nicolas Wöhrl,
• Ivan Radev,
• Ulrich Hagemann,
• Markus Heidelmann,
• Thai Binh Nguyen,
• Stanislav Gorelkov,
• Stephan Schulz and
• Axel Lorke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1419–1431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.126

• as solvothermal and hydrothermal synthesis [9]. In these processes, long ultrasonication as well as reduction/heating procedures are required [6][10], both of which will impede industrial production. In contrast, physical approaches for the synthesis of electrocatalysts (such as plasma-assisted

High permittivity, breakdown strength, and energy storage density of polythiophene-encapsulated BaTiO₃ nanoparticles

• Adnanullah Khan,
• Amir Habib and
• Adeel Afzal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1190–1197, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.103

• nanoparticles. BTO nanoparticles are first dispersed in double-distilled water containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, ACS reagent, ≥99.0%, Sigma Aldrich) and thiophene (Th, synthesis grade 99%, Scharlab, S.L.) monomer through ultrasonication for 1 h. The mass ratio of BTO/Th is adjusted to 9:1. Subsequently

Simple synthesis of nanosheets of rGO and nitrogenated rGO

• Pallellappa Chithaiah,
• Madhan Mohan Raju,
• Giridhar U. Kulkarni and
• C. N. R. Rao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 68–75, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.7

• °C·min−1 using a Mettler-Toledo-TG-850 apparatus. AFM measurements were performed using a CP2 atomic force microscope. Electrode preparation and electrochemical characterization The catalyst inks of as-synthesized rGO and reduced graphene oxide H-rGO were prepared by ultrasonication separately. A mixture

Nanoporous smartPearls for dermal application – Identification of optimal silica types and a scalable production process as prerequisites for marketed products

• David Hespeler,
• Sanaa El Nomeiri,
• Jonas Kaltenbach and
• Rainer H. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1666–1678, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.162

• ultrasonication the suspension was centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 10 min and an aliquot of the supernatant was diluted in ethanol by a factor of 100. Absorption spectroscopy was performed at 360 nm on a PharmaSpec UV-1700 instrument (Shimadzu, China). The peaks were evaluated using the PharmSpec software “UVprobe

Multicomponent bionanocomposites based on clay nanoarchitectures for electrochemical devices

• Giulia Lo Dico,
• Bernd Wicklein,
• Lorenzo Lisuzzo,
• Giuseppe Lazzara,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1303–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.129

• , Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze pad 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy 10.3762/bjnano.10.129 Abstract Based on the unique ability of defibrillated sepiolite (SEP) to form stable and homogeneous colloidal dispersions of diverse types of nanoparticles in aqueous media under ultrasonication

• immobilizing GOx directly on bionanocomposite films prepared without the incorporation into halloysite, where the enzyme was directly integrated in the system after the ultrasonication treatment. The CV curves of these films showed no response to glucose (Figure S10, Supporting Information File 1), suggesting

• fibrous clay, together with ultrasonication, is the key to disperse all these components in water. The resulting stable colloids can be processed as films and foams displaying acceptable mechanical properties, good electrical conductivity, and controlled porosity useful for diverse applications at the

Alloyed Pt₃M (M = Co, Ni) nanoparticles supported on S- and N-doped carbon nanotubes for the oxygen reduction reaction

• Stéphane Louisia,
• Yohann R. J. Thomas,
• Pierre Lecante,
• Marie Heitzmann,
• M. Rosa Axet,
• Pierre-André Jacques and
• Philippe Serp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1251–1269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.125

• dispersing the Pt3Co/N-CNT or Pt3Ni/N-CNTHT in a 0.1 M EDTA solution and using ultrasonication. For the Pt3Co/N-CNT catalyst, the solution become purple in a few seconds, indicating the fast and easy dissolution of the Co; while for Pt3Ni/N-CNTHT, the solution become blue after a few hours. One can suppose