Quantification of lead through rod-shaped silver-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles using an electrochemical approach

• Ravinder Lamba,
• Gaurav Bhanjana,
• Neeraj Dilbaghi,
• Vivek Gupta and
• Sandeep Kumar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 422–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.33

• vibrations, rotational energy, electronic energy levels, and scattering characteristics of Ag–ZnO nanorods. The Malvern Nano-ZS90 was utilized to determine the zeta potential of synthesized nanorods. Fabrication of the lead sensor / (Ag@ZnO nanorods/gold electrode) The obtained Ag@ZnO NRs served as an

Engineered PEG–PCL nanoparticles enable sensitive and selective detection of sodium dodecyl sulfate: a qualitative and quantitative analysis

• Soni Prajapati and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 385–396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.29

• synthesis (Figure 3). The broad peak at 3357 cm−1 corresponds to the O–H stretching vibrations, typically from the terminal hydroxyl groups of PEG segments. The peaks at 2790 cm−1 can be attributed to the symmetric and asymmetric C–H stretching vibrations of methylene (–CH2–) groups present in both PEG and

• PCL segments. The absorption band at 1628 cm−1 represents the characteristic C=O stretching vibration of the ester groups in PCL blocks. The peak at 1510 cm−1 can be assigned to the C–H bending vibrations of the methylene groups. The peaks at 1336 and 1273 cm−1 correspond to the C–O and C–C stretching

• in the crystalline phases of PCL. The bands at 1187 and 1119 cm−1 are attributed to C–O–C stretching vibrations, characteristic of the ether linkage in PEG and the ester groups in PCL. The 1019 and 905 cm−1 peaks can be assigned to the C–O stretching and C–H rocking vibrations, respectively. The

Development of a mucoadhesive drug delivery system and its interaction with gastric cells

• Ahmet Baki Sahin,
• Serdar Karakurt and
• Deniz Sezlev Bilecen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 371–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.28

• -Eud-F-Alg NPs. Surface composition of nanoparticles The surface composition of the nanoparticles was characterized with ATR-FTIR (Figure 2). For Alg nanoparticles, distinctive bands were observed at 1567 and 1405 cm−1, which were assigned to asymmetric and symmetric stretching vibrations of

• carboxylate groups [33]. Other peaks corresponded to C–C stretching vibrations of pyranose rings (at 1021 cm−1) and C–O stretching vibrations of uronic acid residues (at 921 cm−1) [34]. For Eudragit RS30D polymer, the peak at 2947 cm−1 represents C–H stretching, and the peak at 1150 cm−1 corresponds to ester

• groups. The peaks at 1728 and 1442 cm−1 refer to ester C=O stretching vibrations [35] and –CH3 bending of alkanes, respectively [36]. When the spectrum of EudAlg nanoparticles was analyzed, the characteristic peaks of Eudragit polymer could be observed. In addition, a slight shift in alginate COO− peak

Graphene oxide–chloroquine conjugate induces DNA damage in A549 lung cancer cells through autophagy modulation

• Braham Dutt Arya,
• Sandeep Mittal,
• Prachi Joshi,
• Alok Kumar Pandey,
• Jaime E. Ramirez-Vick,
• Govind Gupta and
• Surinder P. Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 316–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.24

• defect band (D band) in the Raman spectra (recorded at an excitation wavelength of 514 nm) of the compounds. Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1c reveals the appearance of the G band (1581 cm−1) and D band (1352 cm−1) for graphite, corresponding to the E2g symmetric vibrations associated with the

Radiosensitizing properties of dual-functionalized carbon nanostructures loaded with temozolomide

• Radmila Milenkovska,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Petre Makreski,
• Dushko Lukarski,
• Igor Stojkovski,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska and
• Kristina Mladenovska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 229–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.18

• spectrum of MCWNTs-COOH, assigned to O–H stretching vibrations, were significantly more intense in the spectrum of MWCNTs-PEG6000. Bands at 2917 and 2852 cm−1 emerged in the spectrum of MCWNTs-PEG6000, which are attributed to asymmetric and symmetric C–H stretching vibrations of the CH2 groups in PEG6000

• . The band at 1730 cm−1 (originating from C=O stretching vibrations) in the spectrum of MWCNTs-COOH has a lower intensity in the MWCNTs-PEG6000 spectrum as a result of interaction between MWCNTs-COOH and PEG6000. In addition, a new band evolved in the spectrum of MWCNTs-PEG6000 at 1048 cm−1 (attributed

• to stretching vibrations of C–O bonds in PEG6000), which disappeared in the spectrum of MWCNTs-COOH. In summary, the changes in the spectrum of MWCNTs-PEG6000 relative to the spectrum of MWCNTs-COOH indicate the successful covalent PEGylation of MWCNTs. The covalent PEGylation was also evident in the

Recent advances in photothermal nanomaterials for ophthalmic applications

• Jiayuan Zhuang,
• Linhui Jia,
• Chenghao Li,
• Rui Yang,
• Jiapeng Wang,
• Wen-an Wang,
• Heng Zhou and
• Xiangxia Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 195–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.16

• photons aligns with the intramolecular electron orbital transition (π→π*) [55], resulting in electrons being excited from their ground state to higher energy orbitals [56]. As these excited electrons relax back to their ground state, they induce vibrations in the molecular lattice, which in turn release

Clays enhanced with niobium: potential in wastewater treatment and reuse as pigment with antibacterial activity

• Silvia Jaerger,
• Patricia Appelt,
• Mario Antônio Alves da Cunha,
• Fabián Ccahuana Ayma,
• Ricardo Schneider,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Fauze Jacó Anaissi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 141–154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.13

• angular deformation of the water molecule, respectively [7][17]. The band in the region of approximately 1115 cm−1 is related to the stretching vibrations of Si–O. Bands in the region of 520 and 463 cm−1, which appear in all spectra of bentonite and bentonite modified with niobium, are attributed to the

Characterization of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GP258

• Prashantkumar Siddappa Chakra,
• Aishwarya Banakar,
• Shriram Narayan Puranik,
• Vishwas Kaveeshwar,
• C. R. Ravikumar and
• Devaraja Gayathri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 78–89, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.8

• range from 400 to 4000 cm−1. We observed a peak at 484 cm−1, which corresponds to Zn–O bond vibrations. In addition, we observed peaks at 440, 480, and 670 cm−1 also related to ZnO. The presence of water within the nanocrystalline ZnO NPs was suggested by peaks observed at 3400 cm−1, representing O–H

• stretching vibrations, and at 1626 cm−1, indicating H–O–H bending vibrations. Additionally, we found a peak at 2924 cm−1, connected to C–H bonds, and peaks between 1400 and 1649 cm−1, associated with C=O stretching vibrations. A band around 2335 cm−1 could be attributed to CO2 absorption on metallic Zn2

A nanocarrier containing carboxylic and histamine groups with dual action: acetylcholine hydrolysis and antidote atropine delivery

• Elina E. Mansurova,
• Andrey A. Maslennikov,
• Anna P. Lyubina,
• Alexandra D. Voloshina,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Marsil K. Kadirov,
• Anzhela A. Mikhailova,
• Polina V. Mikshina,
• Albina Y. Ziganshina and
• Igor S. Antipin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 11–24, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.2

• concentration, and Rθ is the Rayleigh ratio, intersects the ordinate at 1/M, measuring 0.405 ± 0.125 1/MDa. This implies M equals 2750 ± 800 kDa (Figure 1d). In the IR spectrum, bands of O–H and N–H stretching vibrations of p(Hist-RA) appear at 3700–3100 cm−1 (Figure 2). The C–H bond exhibits wild stretching

Facile synthesis of size-tunable L-carnosine-capped silver nanoparticles and their role in metal ion sensing and catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar,
• Ridhima Chadha,
• Abhishek Das,
• Nandita Maiti and
• Rayavarapu Raja Gopal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1576–1592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.124

• (NH2 twist) and 215 cm−1 (Ag–O stretching). The observation of the abovementioned prominent peaks in the SERS spectra confirms the capping of silver nanoparticles with ʟ-carnosine. The SERS enhancement observed in various vibrations associated with imidazole ring, CO2, and NH2 groups suggests that, at

Green synthesis of carbon dot structures from Rheum Ribes and Schottky diode fabrication

• Muhammed Taha Durmus and
• Ebru Bozkurt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1369–1375, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.110

• CDs. As seen in Figure 2d, peaks associated with stretching vibrations of O–H, C–H, carbonyl (C=O), aromatic C=N, and C–O–C groups were observed at 3314, 2931, 1621, 1437, and 1025 cm−1, respectively. These functional groups confer watersolubility to the CDs [11][18]. To corroborate the FTIR

• graphite lattice, while the G band is attributed to the vibrations of sp2-bonded carbon atoms in a 2D hexagonal lattice. The degree of defects in the CDs can be calculated from the relative intensity ratio (ID/IG) of two peaks of D band and G band. ID/IG was calculated to be approximately 0.69, indicating

Nanoarchitectonics with cetrimonium bromide on metal nanoparticles for linker-free detection of toxic metal ions and catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1312–1332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.106

• . These peaks correspond to the symmetric and antisymmetric stretching vibrations of alkyl C–H bonds [28]. CTAB-capped gold and silver nanoparticles exhibit peaks at the same wavenumber as the parent compound, but with different intensities (Figure 2d). The doublet at 1462 and 1472 cm−1 obtained from CTAB

Interaction of graphene oxide with tannic acid: computational modeling and toxicity mitigation in C. elegans

• Romana Petry,
• James M. de Almeida,
• Francine Côa,
• Felipe Crasto de Lima,
• Diego Stéfani T. Martinez and
• Adalberto Fazzio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1297–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.105

• biological medium. In the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis (Figure 2a), we observed bands between 3000 and 4000 cm−1 related to –OH strength in all spectra. GO spectra presented fingerprint bands at 1734, 1625, 1390, 1230, and 1068 cm−1, which correspond to C=O stretching vibrations

• , aromatic C=C stretching vibrations, C–OH traction, C–O (epoxy) stretching vibrations, and C–O (alkoxy) stretching vibrations, respectively, indicated by the numbers 1 to 5 in Figure 2a [28][39][40][41]. Important TA bands include 1704, 1600, 1310, and 1180 cm−1 (numbers 6 to 9 in Figure 2a), which

Mn-doped ZnO nanopowders prepared by sol–gel and microwave-assisted sol–gel methods and their photocatalytic properties

• Cristina Maria Vlăduț,
• Crina Anastasescu,
• Silviu Preda,
• Oana Catalina Mocioiu,
• Simona Petrescu,
• Jeanina Pandele-Cusu,
• Dana Culita,
• Veronica Bratan,
• Ioan Balint and
• Maria Zaharescu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1283–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.104

• methods. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy Figure 1 shows the FTIR spectra of as-prepared gels obtained by SG and MW. The broad band in the 3600–2500 cm−1 region can be assigned to overlapping characteristic vibrations of C–H, N–H, and O–H bonds. The small bands at 2972, 2866, and 2747 cm−1 are

• characteristic to vibrations of C–H bonds in CH2 and CH3 groups. The bands are shifted from their position in the spectrum of pure zinc acetate [42]. The asymmetric and symmetric stretchings of C=O in COO– groups occur in the FTIR spectra at 1580 and 1418 cm−1, respectively. The symmetric stretching of the C–O

• bond in COO– groups is present at 1045 cm−1 [42]. The small bands at 897 and 810 cm−1 are assigned to the stretching of C–C bonds and that at 509 cm−1 to the rocking of C–C bonds. The bands below 677 cm−1 are related to Zn–O vibrations [43][44][45][46]. The small bands at 408 and 421 cm−1 are

New design of operational MEMS bridges for measurements of properties of FEBID-based nanostructures

• Bartosz Pruchnik,
• Krzysztof Kwoka,
• Ewelina Gacka,
• Dominik Badura,
• Piotr Kunicki,
• Andrzej Sierakowski,
• Paweł Janus,
• Tomasz Piasecki and
• Teodor Gotszalk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1273–1282, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.103

• spectral analysis of vibrations [49]. The thermomechanical noise analysis approximates the bridge as a simple harmonic oscillator with one DOF, as has been used for determining the spring constant of AFM cantilevers [50]. This approach provides an approximation for the stiffness k in terms of the measured

Enhanced catalytic reduction through in situ synthesized gold nanoparticles embedded in glucosamine/alginate nanocomposites

• Chi-Hien Dang,
• Le-Kim-Thuy Nguyen,
• Minh-Trong Tran,
• Van-Dung Le,
• Nguyen Minh Ty,
• T. Ngoc Han Pham,
• Hieu Vu-Quang,
• Tran Thi Kim Chi,
• Tran Thi Huong Giang,
• Nguyen Thi Thanh Tu and
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1227–1237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.99

• ). The broad band around 3445 cm−1 corresponds to O–H groups of sugar molecules in the polysaccharides, while the vibrations at 2925 and 2850 cm−1 are attributed to symmetric stretching of C–H bonds. The peaks at 1750 and 1620 cm−1 signify carboxyl groups in alginate chains, with the peak at 1035 cm−1

• indicating stretching vibrations of C–O bonds [34][35]. The FTIR spectra suggest the critical role of polysaccharides as stabilizing agents for AuNPs within the nanocomposite. EDX analysis (Figure 3C) was conducted to determine the elemental composition of AuNPs@GluN/Alg. Strong signals at approximately 2.2

Effect of wavelength and liquid on formation of Ag, Au, Ag/Au nanoparticles via picosecond laser ablation and SERS-based detection of DMMP

• Sree Satya Bharati Moram,
• Chandu Byram and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1054–1069, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.86

• size and composition, making it a preferred choice for nanomaterials synthesis [2][3][4][5]. The process involves laser plasma interacting with a metal in a liquid; it excites electrons, which then generates atomic vibrations within a few picoseconds, causing rapid heating, melting, and explosive

Interface properties of nanostructured carbon-coated biological implants: an overview

• Mattia Bartoli,
• Francesca Cardano,
• Erik Piatti,
• Stefania Lettieri,
• Andrea Fin and
• Alberto Tagliaferro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1041–1053, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.85

• those of individual CNTs [71]. Nanodiamonds NDs are a carbon allotrope composed by sp3-hybridized carbon atoms arranged in a tetrahedral crystalline lattice structure [72]. The structure is accountable for the high thermal conductivity due to efficient heat conduction through phonon vibrations, which

Facile synthesis of Fe-based metal–organic frameworks from Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles and their application for CO₂/N₂ separation

• Van Nhieu Le,
• Hoai Duc Tran,
• Minh Tien Nguyen,
• Hai Bang Truong,
• Toan Minh Pham and
• Jinsoo Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 897–908, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.74

• MIL-100(Fe) framework [32]. Besides, the vibrations at 712 and 760 cm−1 as well as in the region of 1380–1620 cm−1, which were only detected on the FTIR spectra of M-100(Fe)@Fe2O3 samples, are well known as characteristic signals of MIL-100(Fe) [9][32]. It is noteworthy that the distinctive signals of

Green synthesis of biomass-derived carbon quantum dots for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue

• Dalia Chávez-García,
• Mario Guzman,
• Viridiana Sanchez and
• Rubén D. Cadena-Nava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 755–766, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.63

• the systems were prepared in water, some of the signals may have been shielded. In the spectrum, the absorption bands at 3350 cm−1 correspond to OH vibrations and N–H bonds, likely originating from water derived from the oxidation process. These bands are characteristic of the hydroxyl groups present

• in the acid structure. The peaks around 1600 cm−1 fall within the C–O range. The samples synthesized with nitric acid oxidation exhibit an additional peak at 1400 cm−1, associated with C–H and C–N bending vibrations, indicating the introduction of nitrogen atoms and oxygen-containing groups. The

• . FTIR of a) grape pomace peel with carbonyl peaks, carbon/nitrogen bonds, OH vibrations and some overtones of the benzene ring can be observed, and b) watermelon peel shows characteristics similar to grape pomace samples. Raman spectra recorded for CQDs prepared from grape pomace (left) and watermelon

Effect of repeating hydrothermal growth processes and rapid thermal annealing on CuO thin film properties

• Monika Ozga,
• Eunika Zielony,
• Aleksandra Wierzbicka,
• Anna Wolska,
• Marcin Klepka,
• Marek Godlewski,
• Bogdan J. Kowalski and
• Bartłomiej S. Witkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 743–754, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.62

• ]. The remaining Raman lines, which were fitted with Lorentz functions, reveal mode frequencies in the ranges of 296–300, 345–346, and 624–633 cm−1. These values correspond to the following vibrations in the CuO layer: CuO Ag ≈ 300 cm−1, CuO ≈ 345 cm−1, and CuO ≈ 630 cm−1. Their values are similar to

Simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid and hypoxanthine at a TiO₂/graphene quantum dot-modified electrode

• Vu Ngoc Hoang,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Le Vu Truong Son,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Vo Thang Nguyen,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Ly Hoang Diem,
• Kieu Chan Ly,
• Ho Sy Thang and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 719–732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.60

• are seen at 144, 395, 516, and 639 cm−1, respectively [28]. In the Raman spectrum of GQDs, the peak at 1353 cm−1 can be attributed to the D band, which can be assigned to the vibrations of carbon atoms because of the presence of structural defects. The peak at 1576 cm−1 can be assigned to the G band

• due to the vibrations of sp2-hybridized carbon atoms in graphene. The ratio of ID/IG is characteristic for the disorder of the graphene structure [29]. The characteristic vibrations for anatase are also observed in the Raman spectrum of the TiO2/GQDs sample. However, the D and G bands of GQDs shift to

Gold nanomakura: nanoarchitectonics and their photothermal response in association with carrageenan hydrogels

• Nabojit Das,
• Vikas,
• Akash Kumar,
• Sanjeev Soni and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 678–693, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.56

• confirmed through FTIR spectroscopy. C–H scissoring vibrations of H3C–N+ and C–N+ stretching are relatively less intense and slightly shifted in surfactant-capped gold nanoparticles with an appearance of a single band at 669 cm−1 as shown in Figure 5a. This is clear proof of the containments that surfactant

Functional fibrillar interfaces: Biological hair as inspiration across scales

• Guillermo J. Amador,
• Brett Klaassen van Oorschot,
• Caiying Liao,
• Jianing Wu and
• Da Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.55

• the dark or catch prey [132]. A review of hairy sensation in mammals can be found here [133]. Spider appendages [134], cockroach antennae [135], and cricket cerci [136] possess hairs capable of detecting delicate vibrations, airflow, and interactions with various objects, enabling them to locate their

Exfoliation of titanium nitride using a non-thermal plasma process

• Priscila Jussiane Zambiazi,
• Dolores Ribeiro Ricci Lazar,
• Larissa Otubo,
• Rodrigo Fernando Brambilla de Souza,
• Almir Oliveira Neto and
• Cecilia Chaves Guedes-Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 631–637, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.53

• , possibly due to surface oxidation of the powder. This observation can explain the presence of the 340 cm−1 peak, indicative of anatase formation. Additionally, the Raman spectra reveal vibrations resulting from nitrogen and titanium deficiencies within the TiN structure. Specifically, the peak at 253 cm−1

• is attributed to the vibration of heavy titanium ions around nitrogen vacancies, while the 592 cm−1 peak arises from nitrogen ion vibrations near titanium vacancies [22][23][24]. Remarkably, the Raman spectra for both bulk and exfoliated TiN samples are similar. This consistency suggests that the non